
英語(yǔ)五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
一、 句型1: Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,所謂不及物動(dòng)詞,就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接
接賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry,
happen等。如:
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。
3)Spring is coming.
4) We have lived in the city for ten years.
二、句型2:Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類:
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有:be, look, em, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長(zhǎng)得高多了。
三、句型3:Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞, 所謂及物動(dòng)詞,就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語(yǔ),
其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名詞) 他拿著書包離開(kāi)了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當(dāng)我遇到困難時(shí),李雷總能給我
幫助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來(lái)的“五一”外出
旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。
注意:英語(yǔ)中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞,又是不及物動(dòng)詞。
四、句型4: Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct
object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中,直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的,在句中不可或
缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng);間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱之為第二賓語(yǔ),去掉之后,對(duì)整個(gè)
句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有:buy,
pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, nd等。如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday prent.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生
日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長(zhǎng)征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達(dá)為:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday prent.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5: Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、
說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等;或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、
形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)
2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過(guò)去分詞)
● 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advi, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, e, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓
補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。如:
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱了一
個(gè)晚上。
八大詞類
1名詞:名詞是表示人,事物,地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱
Eg ; Boy girl children people
She eats an apple every day.
I bought a dozen eggs in the market.
2動(dòng)詞:表示動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Notional Verb)、系動(dòng)詞(Link Verb)、助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb)、情
態(tài)動(dòng)詞,還可以分成及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞().
縮寫形式分別為vt. 和vi.
Eg ; She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。)
動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)
原形(Original Form)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式(Singular Form in Third Personal)、
過(guò)去式(Past Form)、過(guò)去分詞(Past Participle)、現(xiàn)在分詞(Prent Participle)。
動(dòng)詞的基本形式
絕大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都有五種基本形式:動(dòng)詞原形、一般現(xiàn) 在是第三人稱單數(shù)、過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去
分詞和現(xiàn) 在分詞。
A、 第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后要加s或es,其變化規(guī)則與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的
方法大體相同:
⒈一般情況下只在動(dòng)詞后加s,如work-works,write-writes。
⒉以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,后加es,如guess-guess,mix-mix,finish-finishes,catch-catches。
⒊以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,改y為i,如study-studies。
注:不規(guī)則變化的有have-has,be-are,go-goes,do-does等。
B、 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
⒈一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后加ing,如study-studying,work-working。
⒉以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去“e”再加“ing”,如write-writing,move-moving。
⒊以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫最后字母再加“ing”,
如get-getting,begin-beginning。
⒋以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,一般將ie改為y,再加ing,如lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying。
注:以I結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,尾音節(jié)重讀時(shí),雙寫I,如control-controlling;尾音節(jié)不重讀時(shí),
雙不雙寫都可以,如 travel-traveling(美)/travelling(英)。
C、過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成
⒈一般情況直接加ed,如ask-asked,work-worked。
⒉以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,只加d,如love-loved,dance-danced。
⒊以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,把y改i,如try-tried,study-studied。
⒋以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先雙末尾一個(gè)字母,再加ed,
如stop-stopped,permit-permitted
動(dòng)詞分類
類別 說(shuō)明 例句
She has a new friend 行為動(dòng)詞 Action 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在句
from Australia. He Verbs 中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。
takes the train every day.
He leaves for school at
around ven.
He is popular in school. 連系動(dòng)詞 Link Verbs 不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須
Twins usually look the 與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。
same. Trees turn
green in spring.
I don't want to go for 助動(dòng)詞 Auxiliary 不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能
adrive.(否定) We Verds 作主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂
are playing basketball.語(yǔ),表示否定、 疑
問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)或其他語(yǔ)法形(進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)) Do
式。 you speak a little
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 Modality 不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能She can speak a little
Verbs 和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂English. You should
語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人 的drink more water.
語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)
有人稱和數(shù)量的變化。
tomatoes ?(疑問(wèn))
[1]
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):every…,sometimes, at…,on Sunday,always,every
day,usually,ldom
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)中代替將來(lái)、表示按規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的事情(動(dòng)作)
狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)作
If you come this afternoon,we will have a meeting.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/span> 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 現(xiàn) 在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作,表示言行 的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如:Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第 二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況,所以后 句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。 Where did you go just now 2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 When I was a child,I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時(shí)間了" "該……了" It is time sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了" "早該……了" It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺(jué)了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺(jué)了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧愿某人做某事' I'd rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish,wonder,think,hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí),作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。 I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 比較: 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life. (含義:她已不在人間。) Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含義:她現(xiàn) 在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for ven years. (含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for ven years. (含義:現(xiàn) 在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去) 注意:用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn) 在,表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。 1)動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。 Did you want anything el I wondered if you could help me. 2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could,would. Could you lend me your bike? ud to / be ud to ud to + do:"過(guò)去常常"表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。 Mother ud not to be so forgetful. be ud to + doing:對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名 詞或動(dòng)名詞。 He is ud to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is ud to taking a walk.(現(xiàn) 在習(xí)慣于散步) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1) shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。 will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭(zhēng)求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at ven this evening 2) be going +不定式,表示將來(lái)。 a.主語(yǔ)的意圖,即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow b. 計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表將來(lái),按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about +不定式,意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意:be about to 不能與tomorrow,next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)連用。 be going to / will 用于條件句時(shí), be going to 表將來(lái) will 表意愿 If you are going to make a journey,you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) 1)下列動(dòng)詞:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。 這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2)倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)在動(dòng)詞hope,take care that,make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are clod before you leave the room. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái) 意為:"意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn) 在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò) 去 但它的影響現(xiàn) 在還存在;也可表示 持續(xù)到現(xiàn) 在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +過(guò)去分詞。 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1)It is the first / cond time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It is the third time that the boy has been late. 2)This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that I've (ever) en. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽(tīng)他唱歌。 3)最基本句型 主語(yǔ)+have/has+(already/just)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他 比較since和for Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意:并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn) 在已不在這里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn) 在我仍在這里工作。) 小竅門:當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化, 很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。 1) (對(duì)) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago,and is still studying it now. 2) (錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago,and is still getting married now. 顯然,第二句不對(duì),它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四種用法 1) since +過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,last month,half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapd since we have been here. 4) It is +一段時(shí)間+ since從句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 5)since和for 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),since后面加時(shí)間點(diǎn),for后面加時(shí)間段。 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 1) 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果,不能與表示段的 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果) I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷) 2) 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示 "到……,才……" He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法: a. 表示現(xiàn) 在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you. b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。 The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. d. 與always,constantly,forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在 的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 have,belong,posss,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,conti nue I have two brothers. This hou belongs to my sister. 2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 Know,realize,think e,believe,suppo,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer ,mean,understand,love,hate I need your help. He loves her very much. ⒊) 瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refu. I accept your advice. 4) 系動(dòng)詞 em,remain,lie,e,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn You em a little tired. 3、形容詞:形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞, 表示人或事物的性質(zhì), 狀態(tài),和特 征。 形容詞(adjective),簡(jiǎn)稱adj.或a.,很多語(yǔ)言中均有的主要詞類中的一種。 主要用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞,表示事物的特征。 形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞, 表示人或事物的性質(zhì), 狀態(tài),和特征。 在 句中作定語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 形容詞在句中作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 她是一個(gè)好學(xué)生,她學(xué)習(xí)努力。She is a good student, and she works hard. 這輛自行車很貴。This bike is expensive. 對(duì)不起,我現(xiàn)在很忙。. Sorry,I'm all tied up right now 你為這次會(huì)議做好準(zhǔn)備了嗎? Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 在句中的位置 [1] 形容詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的 形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),則由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差不多則按音節(jié) 少的形容詞放在前面,音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。 英語(yǔ)單詞中something, anything, nothing 等不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí),形 容詞放在不定代詞后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告訴你。 Is there anything interesting in the film? 電影里有什么有趣的內(nèi)容嗎? There is nothing dangerous here. 這兒一點(diǎn)都不危險(xiǎn)。 由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞組成的形容詞詞組修飾名詞時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 This is the book easy to read. 這是一本容易讀的書。 4、副詞:副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間,地 點(diǎn),程度,方式等概念。 副詞在句中可作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)。 He works hard. (作狀語(yǔ)) 他工作努力。 You speak English very well. (作狀語(yǔ)) 你英語(yǔ)講地相當(dāng)好。 Does she stay at home? (作表語(yǔ)) 她呆在家嗎? Let's be out. (作表語(yǔ)) 讓我們出去吧。 Food here is hard to get. (here作定語(yǔ),hard作狀語(yǔ)) 這兒很難弄到食物。 Let him out!(作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) 讓他出去! .修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后 a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat. 5、介詞:介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不 能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類, 短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。 6、連詞:連詞是一種虛詞, 它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞, 短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連 詞。 7、代詞:代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代 詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相 互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。 8、冠詞:冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒(méi)有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含 義。冠詞可以說(shuō)是名詞的一種標(biāo)志,它不能離開(kāi)名詞而獨(dú)立存在。 冠詞分為不定冠詞a,an、 定冠詞the和零冠詞三種,零冠詞指的是不用冠詞的情況。不定冠詞表示泛指,定冠詞表示 特指。不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音開(kāi)頭的詞前,an用在以元音開(kāi)頭的詞前。 判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭還是以輔音開(kāi)頭,是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。

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