電子商務(wù)是什么

電子商務(wù)是什么

電子商務(wù)通常是指是在全球各地廣泛的商業(yè)貿(mào)易活動中，在因特網(wǎng)開放的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下，基于瀏覽器/服

務(wù)器應(yīng)用方式，買賣雙方不謀面地進行各種商貿(mào)活動，實現(xiàn)消費者的網(wǎng)上購物、商戶之間的網(wǎng)上交易和在

線電子支付以及各種商務(wù)活動、交易活動、金融活動和相關(guān)的綜合服務(wù)活動的一種新型的商業(yè)運營模式。

電子商務(wù)是利用微電腦技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊技術(shù)進行的商務(wù)活動。各國政府、學者、企業(yè)界人士根據(jù)自己所處

的地位和對電子商務(wù)參與的角度和程度的不同，給出了許多不同的定義。

俠義上講，電子商務(wù)（Electronic Commerce簡稱EC)是指：通過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等電子工具（這些工具包

括電報、電話、廣播、電視、傳真、計算機、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)、移動通信等）在全球范圍內(nèi)進行的商務(wù)貿(mào)易活

動。是以計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)所進行的各種商務(wù)活動，包括商品和服務(wù)的提供者、廣告商、消費者、中介商

等有關(guān)各方行為的總和。人們一般理解的電子商務(wù)是指狹義上的電子商務(wù)。

廣義上講，電子商務(wù)一詞源自于Electronic Business，就是通過電子手段進行的商業(yè)事務(wù)活動。通

過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等電子工具，使公司內(nèi)部、供應(yīng)商、客戶和合作伙伴之間，利用電子業(yè)務(wù)共享信息，實現(xiàn)企

業(yè)間業(yè)務(wù)流程的電子化，配合企業(yè)內(nèi)部的電子化生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)，提高企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、庫存、流通和資金等各

個環(huán)節(jié)的效率

電子商務(wù)是利用計算機技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和遠程通信技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)電子化、數(shù)字化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，商務(wù)化的整

個商務(wù)過程；是以商務(wù)活動為主體，以計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ)，以電子化方式為手段，在法律許可范圍內(nèi)所進

行的商務(wù)活動交易過程；是運用數(shù)字信息技術(shù)，對企業(yè)的各項活動進行持續(xù)優(yōu)化的過程；是指交易當事人

或參與人利用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)（包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)和其他信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)）所進行的各類商業(yè)活

動，包括貨物交易、服務(wù)交易和知識產(chǎn)權(quán)交易

電子商務(wù)整體分為幾類：

1、推廣營銷：包括各類的關(guān)鍵詞、郵件、廣告、博客、論壇等等，這類營銷以品牌推廣為主，不進行實際

的銷售，但是為銷售做好了打前站的工作鋪墊；

2、經(jīng)營銷售：如淘寶（B2C）阿里巴巴 （B2B）慧聰 當當?shù)鹊龋还芘l(fā)還是零售都屬于經(jīng)營銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)

營銷的范疇；

3、線上線下網(wǎng)絡(luò)營銷：電子商務(wù)實際屬于商務(wù)活動的一種，只是它跨越了地域和時間的限制，將商務(wù)活動

更加擴大化，商務(wù)速度和模式更容易進行。

電子商務(wù)的其他模式還有很多，比如策劃營銷、網(wǎng)絡(luò)展示營銷等等，需要我們不斷探討和創(chuàng)新。

電子商務(wù)一般來講包含了b2b b2c c2c等多種模式。Internet上的電子商務(wù)可以分為三個方面：信息服

務(wù)、交易和支付。主要內(nèi)容包括：電子商情廣告；電子選購和交易、電子交易憑證的交換；電子支付與結(jié)

算以及售后的網(wǎng)上服務(wù)等。主要交易類型有企業(yè)與個人的交易(B to C方式)和企業(yè)之間的交易(B to B方式)

兩種。 參與電子商務(wù)的實體有四類：顧客(個人消費者或企業(yè)集團)、商戶(包括銷售商、制造商、儲運商)、

銀行(包括發(fā)卡行、收單行)及認證中心。

電子商務(wù)是Internet爆炸式發(fā)展的直接產(chǎn)物，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的全新發(fā)展方向。Internet本身所具有的

開放性、全球性、低成本、高效率的特點，也成為電子商務(wù)的內(nèi)在特征，并使得電子商務(wù)大大超越了作為

一種新的貿(mào)易形式所具有的價值，它不僅會改變企業(yè)本身的生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營、管理活動，而且將影響到整個社

會的經(jīng)濟運行與結(jié)構(gòu)。

電子商務(wù)指的是利用簡單、快捷、低成本的電子通訊方式，買賣雙方不謀面地進行各種商貿(mào)活動。電

子商務(wù)可以通過多種電子通訊方式來完成。簡單的，比如你通過打電話或發(fā)傳真的方式來與客戶進行商貿(mào)

活動，似乎也可以稱作為電子商務(wù)；但是，現(xiàn)在人們所探討的電子商務(wù)主要是以EDI（電子數(shù)據(jù)交換）和

ITERET來完成的。尤其是隨著ITERET技術(shù)的日益成熟，電子商務(wù)真正的發(fā)展將是建立在

ITERET技術(shù)上的。所以也有人把電子商務(wù)簡稱為IC（ITERET COMMERCE）。

從貿(mào)易活動的角度分析，電子商務(wù)可以在多個環(huán)節(jié)實現(xiàn)，由此也可以將電子商務(wù)分為兩個層次，較低層

次的電子商務(wù)如電子商情、電子貿(mào)易、電子合同等；最完整的也是最高級的電子商務(wù)應(yīng)該是利用ITEET

網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠進行全部的貿(mào)易活動，即在網(wǎng)上將信息流、商流、資金流和部分的物流完整地實現(xiàn)，也就是說，

你可以從尋客戶開始，一直到洽談、訂貨、在線付（收）款、開據(jù)電子發(fā)票以至到電子報關(guān)、電子納稅

等通過ITERET一氣呵成。

要實現(xiàn)完整的電子商務(wù)還會涉及到很多方面，除了買家、賣家外，還要有銀行或金融機構(gòu)、政府機構(gòu)、

認證機構(gòu)、配送中心等機構(gòu)的加入才行。由于參與電子商務(wù)中的各方在物理上是互不謀面的，因此整個電

子商務(wù)過程并不是物理世界商務(wù)活動的翻版，網(wǎng)上銀行、在線電子支付等條件和數(shù)據(jù)加密、電子簽名等技

術(shù)在電子商務(wù)中發(fā)揮著重要的不可或缺的作用。

電子商務(wù)的流程：

商務(wù)流程對于電子商務(wù)系統(tǒng)是十分重要的。商務(wù)流程是指企業(yè)在具體從事一個商貿(mào)交易過程中的實際操作

步驟和處理過程。

一、電子商務(wù)的通用交易過程

1.交易前的準備 2. 交易磋商 3. 簽訂合同與辦理手續(xù) 4. 合同的履行和支付過程

二、個人消費者的購物過程

三、 企業(yè)—企業(yè)電子商務(wù)交易過程

電子商務(wù)的作用：

電子商務(wù)可提供網(wǎng)上交易和管理等全過程的服務(wù)，因此它具有廣告宣傳、咨詢洽談、網(wǎng)上訂購、網(wǎng)上

支付、電子帳戶、服務(wù)傳遞、意見征詢、交易管理等各項功能。

（1）廣告宣傳：電子商務(wù)可憑借企業(yè)的Web服務(wù)器和客戶的瀏覽，在Internet上發(fā)播各類商業(yè)信息?？?/span>

戶可借助網(wǎng)上的檢索工具（Search）迅速地到所需商品信息，而商家可利用網(wǎng)上主頁(HomePage)和電

子郵件(E-mail)在全球范圍內(nèi)作廣告宣傳。與以往的各類廣告相比，網(wǎng)上的廣告成本最為低廉，而給顧客的

信息量卻最為豐富。

（2）咨詢洽談：電子商務(wù)可借助非實時的(E-mail)，新聞組（ewsGroup）和實時的討論組(chat)

來了解市場和商品信息、洽談交易事務(wù)，如有進一步的需求，還可用網(wǎng)上的白板會議(WhiteboardConference)

來交流即時的圖形信息。網(wǎng)上的咨詢和洽談能超越人們面對面洽談的限制、提供多種方便的異地交談形式。

（3）網(wǎng)上訂購：電子商務(wù)可借助Web中的郵件交互傳送實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上的訂購。網(wǎng)上的訂購?fù)ǔ６际窃诋a(chǎn)品介

紹的頁面上提供十分友好的訂購提示信息和訂購交互格式框。當客戶填完訂購單后，通常系統(tǒng)會回復(fù)確認

信息單來保證訂購信息的收悉。訂購信息也可采用加密的方式使客戶和商家的商業(yè)信息不會泄漏。

（4）網(wǎng)上支付：電子商務(wù)要成為一個完整的過程。網(wǎng)上支付是重要的環(huán)節(jié)。客戶和商家之間可采用信用卡

帳號進行支付。在網(wǎng)上直接采用電子支付手段將可省略交易中很多人員的開銷。網(wǎng)上支付將需要更為可靠

的信息傳輸安全性控制以防止欺騙、竊聽、冒用等非法行為。

（5）電子帳戶：網(wǎng)上的支付必需要有電子金融來支持，即銀行或信用卡公司及保險公司等金融單位要為金

融服務(wù)提供網(wǎng)上操作的服務(wù)。而電子帳戶管理是其基本的組成部分。

（6）服務(wù)傳遞：對于已付了款的客戶應(yīng)將其訂購的貨物盡快地傳遞到他們的手中。而有些貨物在本地，有

些貨物在異地，將能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中進行物流的調(diào)配。而最適合在網(wǎng)上直接傳遞的貨物是信息產(chǎn)品

（7）意見征詢：電子商務(wù)能十分方便地采用網(wǎng)頁上的“選擇”、“填空”等格式文件來收集用戶對銷售服務(wù)的

反饋意見。這樣使企業(yè)的市場運營能形成一個封閉的回路?？蛻舻姆答佉庖姴粌H能提高售后服務(wù)的水平，

更使企業(yè)獲得改進產(chǎn)品、發(fā)現(xiàn)市場的商業(yè)機會。

（8）交易管理：整個交易的管理將涉及到人、財、物多個方面，企業(yè)和企業(yè)、企業(yè)和客戶及企業(yè)內(nèi)部等各

方面的協(xié)調(diào)和管理。因此，交易管理是涉及商務(wù)活動全過程的管理。

電子商務(wù)具有的優(yōu)勢

：

1. 電子商務(wù)將傳統(tǒng)的商務(wù)流程電子化、數(shù)字化，一方面以電子流代替了實物流，可以大量減少人力、

物力，降低了成本;另一方面突破了時間和空間的限制，使得交易活動可以在任何時間、任何地點進行，從

而大大提高了效率。

2. 電子商務(wù)所具有的開放性和全球性的特點，為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造了更多的貿(mào)易機會。

3. 電子商務(wù)使企業(yè)可以以相近的成本進入全球電子化市場，使得中小企業(yè)有可能擁有和大企業(yè)一樣的信

息資源，提高了中小企業(yè)的競爭能力。

4. 電子商務(wù)重新定義了傳統(tǒng)的流通模式，減少了中間環(huán)節(jié)，使得生產(chǎn)者和消費者的直接交易成為可能，

從而在一定程度上改變了整個社會經(jīng)濟運行的方式。

5. 電子商務(wù)一方面破除了時空的壁壘，另一方面又提供了豐富的信息資源，為各種社會經(jīng)濟要素的重新

組合提供了更多的可能，這將影響到社會的經(jīng)濟布局和結(jié)構(gòu)。

6. 互動性:通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng),商家之間可以直接交流,談判,簽合同,消費者也可以把自己的反饋建議反映到企業(yè)

或商家的網(wǎng)站,而企業(yè)或者商家則要根據(jù)消費者的反饋及時調(diào)查產(chǎn)品種類及服務(wù)品質(zhì),做到良性互動.

What is e-commerce usually refers to a wide range of worldwide commercial and trade activities in the

Internet an open network environment, based on browser / server application mode, buyers and sellers are not met

for various business activities to achieve consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and

online electronic payment and a variety of business activities, trading activities, financial activities and activities

related to integrated services of a new business model. E-commerce is the use of micro-computer technology and

network communication technology for business activities. Governments, academics, business people according to

their status and e-commerce in which the angle and degree of participation in different given many different

definitions. Chivalrous sense, e-commerce (Electronic Commerce abbreviated EC) means: through the use of the

Internet and other electronic tools (These tools include the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax, computer,

computer network, mobile communications, etc.) carried out on a global scale business and trade activities. Is a

computer network based on a variety of business activities conducted, including commodity and service providers,

advertisers, consumers, intermediaries and other parties concerned acts combined. It is generally understood that

e-commerce refers to the narrow sense of the e-commerce. Broadly speaking, the term derived from e-commerce

Electronic Business, is through electronic means commercial transaction activity. By using the Internet and other

electronic tools that enable the company, suppliers, customers and partners, the use of e-business to share

information, to achieve inter-enterprise business processes electronically, with internal electronic production

management system, improve production , inventory, distribution and capital efficiency in all aspects of

e-commerce is the use of computer technology, network technology and telecommunications technology,

electronic, digital and network technology, the entire business process-oriented business; based business activities

as the main computer network-based, electronically as a means to the extent permitted by law business activities

undertaken transaction; is the use of digital information technology, business activities ongoing optimization

process; refers to the parties to the transaction or participant use Modern information technology and computer

networks (including the Internet, mobile networks and other information networks) carried out various business

activities, including transactions in goods, services and intellectual property transactions overall e-commerce

transactions are divided into several categories:

1, Promotion Marketing: including the class keyword, mail, advertising, blog, forum, etc., the main type of

marketing to promote the brand, not the actual sale, but the sales do the play before the station's work

foreshadowing;

2, business sales: such as Taobao (B2C ) Alibaba (B2B) HC Dangdang, etc., regardless of the wholesale or

retail business sales network marketing are all areas;

3, online and offline network marketing: E-commerce a reality of business activity, but it spans geographical

and time restriction, business activities more expansion, speed and pattern of business easier.

There are many other modes of e-commerce, such as planning and marketing, network marketing, display and

so on, we need to continue to explore and innovate.

E-commerce in general contains a b2b b2c c2c other models. E-commerce on the Internet can be divided

into three areas: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: Electronic Business

Advertising; electronic purchasing and trading, electronic trading exchange certificate; electronic payment and

settlement as well as the sale of online services. Main types of transactions are business and personal transactions

(B to C mode) and business transactions between (B to B mode) two kinds. There are four types of entities

involved in electronic commerce: customers (individual consumer or business group), businesses (including

distributors, manufacturers, transportation providers), banks (including the issuer, acquirer) and certification center.

Explosive growth of Internet commerce is the direct product of a new network technology development direction.

Internet itself has an open, global, low-cost, high-efficiency characteristics, but also the inherent characteristics of

electronic commerce and so far beyond e-commerce as a new form of trade has the value, it will not only change

enterprise itself, production, operation, management activities, and will affect the entire structure of society and the

economy. E-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast, low-cost means of electronic communication, both buyers

and sellers are not met for various business activities. E-commerce through a variety of electronic means of

communication to complete. Simple, such as you via phone or fax to conduct business activities with clients,

seems to be referred to as e-commerce; But now people are mainly discussed in e-commerce EDI (Electronic Data

Interchange) and ITERET to complete The. Especially with the ITERET technology matures, the real

development of e-commerce will be built on the ITERET technology. So it was also referred to as e-commerce

IC (ITERET COMMERCE).

From the point of view of trade, e-commerce can be achieved in a number of areas, which can also be divided

into two levels of e-commerce, e-commerce, such as lower levels of Electronic Business, e-commerce, electronic

contracts, etc.; also the most complete The most advanced e-commerce should be able to use the network for all

ITEET trading activities, namely the Internet will be information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics

part of a complete implementation, that is, you can find customers, has been to negotiate, order, online payment

(income) shall, open, according to electronic invoicing as well as to electronic declaration, electronic tax payment

go through the ITERET. To achieve a complete e-commerce also involves many aspects, in addition to buyers,

sellers, but also there are banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution

centers and other institutions to join the job. Since the parties involved in electronic commerce is physically not

met each other, so the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of the physical world, business, online banking,

online electronic payment and other conditions and data encryption, electronic signature technology in

e-commerce plays an important indispensable role.

E-commerce processes: business processes for e-commerce system is very important. Business processes is

an enterprise engaged in a commercial transaction in the specific process of practical steps and processes. An

e-commerce transaction process a generic. Transaction preparation before 2. Transactions negotiated three

contracts to work with the formalities 4 performance of the contract and payment process two, three individual

consumers shopping process, the enterprise - enterprise e-commerce transactions

The role of e-commerce: e-commerce to provide online transactions and manage the whole process of service,

so it has advertising, negotiate, online ordering, online payment, electronic accounts, service delivery, consultation,

transaction management and other functions.

(1) Advertising: E-commerce by virtue of the enterprise Web server and the customer's browser, sent over the

Internet broadcast various business information. Customers can take advantage of online search tools (Search) to

quickly find the desired product information, and businesses can take advantage of the Internet home page

(HomePage) and e-mail (E-mail) worldwide for advertising. Compared with the conventional types of advertising,

online advertising the most cost and the amount of information to customers, but most abundant.

(2) consultation to discuss: E-commerce can take advantage of non-real-time e-mail (E-mail), newsgroups

(ewsGroup) and real-time discussion groups (chat) to understand the market and commodity information, discuss

trade matters, if further demands , can also be used online whiteboard session (WhiteboardConference) to

exchange real-time graphical information. Online consultation and negotiation can beat people face to face to

discuss the restrictions, offers a variety of convenient forms of offsite conversation.

(3) Order: E-commerce can interact with the Web, e-mail sent to achieve online ordering. Online ordering is

usually described in the product pages provide a very friendly message ordering and order Interchange Format box.

When customers fill out the order form, it is often the system will return confirmation message ordering

information sheets to ensure receipt. Ordering information also can be encrypted manner so that customers and

merchants business information will not leak.

(4) online payment: e-commerce to become a complete process. Online payment is the important part. Can be

used between the customer and the merchant account for credit card payments. Directly online using electronic

means of payment transaction will be omitted in many personnel overhead. Online payment will require more

reliable transmission of information security controls to prevent spoofing, eavesdropping, fraudulent and other

illegal acts.

(5) Electronic Account: Online payment must have e-finance to support that banks or credit card companies

and insurance companies and other financial institutions to provide financial services to operate online services.

The electronic account management is the basic component.

(6) Service Delivery: For the money paid for the goods ordered by the customer should be passed as soon as

possible into their hands. And some goods locally, some goods in off-site, e-mail will be able to carry out the

logistics in the network deployment. The most suitable for online goods are delivered directly to information

products

(7) Comment: E-commerce can be very convenient to use on the page "choice", "fill in the blanks" and other

format files to collect user feedback for sales and service. This makes the enterprise market operators to form a

closed loop. Customer feedback can not only improve the level of service, but also enable enterprises to obtain

improved products, business opportunities found in the market.

(8) Transaction Management: The entire transaction will involve the management of human, financial, and

material aspects, enterprises and businesses, enterprises and customers, and other aspects of internal coordination

and management. Therefore, transaction management is involved in the management of the whole process of

business activities.

E-commerce advantages:

1. Traditional e-commerce business processes electronic, digital, on the one hand to the flow of electrons instead of

the real logistics, you can greatly reduce the human and material resources, reduce costs; hand broke through time

and space restricted such trading activity can at any time, any place, thereby greatly improving efficiency.

(2) E-commerce has the openness and global characteristics, in order to create more trade opportunities.

3 E-commerce enables businesses to enter the global cost of similar electronic market, enabling SMEs and large

enterprises are likely to have the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs.

4 E-commerce has redefined the traditional distribution model, reduce intermediate links, so that producers and

consumers to deal directly as possible, which to some extent changed the whole social economy operates.

5 e-commerce on the one hand break the barriers of time and space, on the other hand provides a wealth of

information resources for the various socio-economic elements of reorganization provides more likely that this will

affect the social and economic layout and structure

6 interaction: through the Internet, you can communicate directly between businesses, negotiation, contract,

consumers can put their feedback to the enterprise or recommendations reflect the merchant's site, and the

corporate or business will have timely investigation based on consumer feedback product range and service quality,

achieve positive interaction.