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            限制性從句(限制性從句是什么)

            更新時(shí)間:2023-03-01 07:23:49 閱讀: 評(píng)論:0

            限制性定語從句

              限制性定語從句 篇1

              定語從句可分為限制性和非限制性兩種:

              1.限制性定語從句(Restrictive attributive claus):

              限制性定語從句,使所修飾的詞表示一個(gè)特定的人或東西,如果去掉它,那個(gè)詞就失去意義,句子就不能成立或不完整:

              Any one who leaves litter in the woods will beprocuted.

              誰要是在林中亂扔垃圾將受到指控。

              這句話如把who引起的定語從句去掉,句子就不能成立。上節(jié)例子中的定語從句大部分都是限制性定語從句。只有在這種定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞才有可能省略。

              2.非限制性定語從句(Non—Restrictive Attributive Claus):

              有些定語從句只對(duì)某個(gè)詞作進(jìn)一步的說明,例如:

              She was married to Tony, who was also a student.

              這里who引起的就是一個(gè)非限定性定語從句,拿掉之后句子還能成立。在一般情況下,非限制性定語從句都由一個(gè)逗號(hào)把它和句予的其它部分分開,在譯成漢語時(shí)多譯成一個(gè)并列句。下面例句中部包含有非限制性定語從句:

              The note was left by Jim,who was here a moment ago.

              這個(gè)條子是吉姆留的,他剛才來過。

              She introduced me to her husband,whom I hadn’t met before.

              她把我介紹給她丈夫,這人我以前沒見過。

              This is George,who class you will be taking.

              這是喬治,你將接他的班。

              I have many friends,some of whom were painters.

              我有許多朋友,其中有些是畫家。

              She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed shespokewell.

              她很喜歡講法語,而且講得確實(shí)很好。

              非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞是不能省略的,也不能使用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。指物時(shí)which用得比較多,有時(shí)還可代表更廣泛的意思,指人時(shí)用who(whom)。

              限制性定語從句 篇2

              根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去;非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。在以上幾個(gè)單元我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了限制性定語從句,現(xiàn)在把兩種從句作對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)。

              一、 限制性定語從句

              1.關(guān)系代詞that既可代表事物也可代表人,which只代表事物,它們?cè)趶木?/p>

              中作主語或賓語。在從句中作賓語時(shí)常可省略。

              I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball.

              The prent that(which)I received last week was from my sister.

              This is a book which is about space rocket technology.

              2.關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語。如:

              This is the man who helped me.

              The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

              3. who是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞,作定語,相當(dāng)于who和whom的所有格,既可以修飾人又可以修飾物。如:

              Do you know the student who name is Wang Fei?

              We lived in a room who window opens to the west.

              4. where是關(guān)系副詞,用來引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句,where在從句中作狀語。如:

              At last we arrived at a small village where we’ll work for a week.

              5. when是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間,在從句中作狀語。

              注意,表示時(shí)間的the time,the day, the moment作先行詞,其定語從句引導(dǎo)詞有四種情況:1)when,2) in/ on which3) that4)省略。如:

              By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

              I still remember the day I met her.

              Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities.

              6. why是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句表示原因,在從句中作狀語。

              7.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)代替,但有兩點(diǎn)要注意:

              1)在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,不能用that。關(guān)系代詞指物用which,指人時(shí)用whom,不用who;且which和whom在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中不能省略。如:

              The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (正確)

              The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(錯(cuò)誤)

              2)在使用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句時(shí),含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等。如“This is the watch which/that I am looking for.”不可以改為“This is the watch for which I am looking.”

              二、非限制性定語從句

              非限制性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的`成分作進(jìn)一步說明,通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

              1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,可用來說明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分。如:

              She heard a terrible noi,which brought her heart into her mouth.

              David studies hard and is ready to help others,which is what his parents expect.

              2.在非限制性定語從句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which或as代表事物。關(guān)系代詞作定語時(shí)用who。如:

              He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

              In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad.

              There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限

              His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

              China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

              限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有時(shí)表達(dá)的意義不同,試分析下面兩個(gè)句子的差別:

              His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

              他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)

              His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

              他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的,常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥)

              3. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

              as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:

              1)As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,代表前面整個(gè)句子。

              He married her, as/which was natural.

              He was honest, as/which we can e.

              As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

              As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

              As is know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

              2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以

              切割一個(gè)主句;which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。

              As is known to all, China is a developing country.

              He is from the south, as we can e from his accent.

              John, as you know, is a famous writer.

              He has been to Paris more than veral times, which I don’t believe.注意:當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),常用which

              Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.

              3)the same… as;such…as是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“和……一樣……。”如:

              I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

              I have never heard such a story as he tells.

              He is not such a fool as he looks.

              This is the same book as I lost last week.

              注意:當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí),偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同。如:

              She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.

              她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

              She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

              她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

              語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

              單項(xiàng)填空

              1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag.

              A. on the top of whichB. on the top of whom

              C. on the top of itD. which

              2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more,

              the waiter immediately phoned the police.

              A. asB. thatC. whichD. whom

              3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket.

              A. thatB. whichC. itD. what

              4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held?

              A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. that; where

              5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world.

              A. It is known thatB. As is well known

              C. Which is well knownD. We all know that

              6. This is the very reason____ he gave me.

              A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. which

              7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer.

              A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which

              8. They’re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need.

              A. in which; whichB. where; thatC. where; whichD. which; that

              9. She heard a terrible noi, ____brought her heart into her mouth.

              A. itB. whichC. thisD. that

              10. I said nothing, ____made her angry.

              A. whichB. whatC. /D. that

              11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side.

              A. whenB. thatC. /D. A, B and C

              12. He has three sons, ____are doctors.

              A. two of whomB. both of whomC. all of themD. each of them

              13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry.

              A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who

              14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year.

              A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. to which

              15. The day we looked forward to ____.

              A. comeB. comingC. having comeD. has come

              答案

              1. C。由于and的存在,這是并列句,而不是非限制性定語從句,排除A.

              2. B。這里the same修飾man,其后只能用能代表人的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句;whom是賓格,這里引導(dǎo)詞要在從句中作主語,故不能用。

              3. B。which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,which所代表的是整個(gè)主句的意思,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)從句而提前了。

              4. B。識(shí)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不難,但極有可能在第一個(gè)空填that,而誤選D。其實(shí)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分還含有一個(gè)定語從句,修飾room.

              5. B。只有as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句之前,排除C;若去掉句中的逗號(hào),A項(xiàng)則可構(gòu)成含有主語從句的復(fù)合句,D項(xiàng)則可構(gòu)成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。

              6. A。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是B.這里不選why,是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句缺的是賓語,故用關(guān)系代詞that.試比較:This is the reason why he gave me so much money;先行詞已被very一類的詞修飾過了,其后定語從句不用which引導(dǎo),故亦排除D.

              7. B。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是A.想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為定語從句先行詞是時(shí)間,事實(shí)上,這個(gè)非限制性定語從句所修飾的先行詞是地點(diǎn)New York,被介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分隔了。

              8. B。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在該定語從句中,不定代詞all又帶that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。

              9. B。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,這是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,故不用it和this;引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不用that.

              10. A。如果只想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為nothing是不定代詞,其后的定語從句要用that引導(dǎo),就錯(cuò)了。這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,應(yīng)該用which引導(dǎo),并且which所代表的是整個(gè)主句的意思。

              11. D。英語中少數(shù)幾個(gè)與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞,如the time, the day, the moment作先行詞,所帶定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用that代替when,也可以省略。

              12. A。如果看出這是個(gè)定語從句,C、D很容易排除。Both of whom中的whom指兩個(gè),數(shù)量是2/2;two of whom, whom指三人,數(shù)量是2/3.

              13. A。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是C,因?yàn)橛衋nd,這是并列句,不是非限制性定語從句。這里that是指示代詞,作主語。

              14. C。如果錯(cuò)誤地把后面的介詞in理解為in last year,可能誤選A、B.事實(shí)上,in與前邊的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。Last year是名詞詞組作時(shí)間狀語,不加冠詞。

              15. D。這里“(that/which) we looked forward to”是修飾the day的定語從句;to的賓語是省略了的引導(dǎo)詞。

              限制性定語從句 篇3

              1、限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格、明確限定的定語從句,與先行詞的意思關(guān)系非常緊密。

              2、此時(shí)如果把限制性從句移除,先行詞的意思就會(huì)受影響,意思不完整、不清楚或者有很大的變化。所以,限制性定語從句是不能移除的。

              限制性定語從句只能用that 的幾種情況

              1.當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時(shí), 或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)

              (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

              (2) There ems to be nothing that ems impossible for him in the world.

              (3) All that can be done has been done.

              (4) There is little that I can do for you.

              注意:當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí), 偶爾也可以用who

              (4) Any man that/.who has a n of duty won't do such a thing.

              2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

              (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

              3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

              (1) This is the best film that I have en.

              4.當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)

              (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

              (2) After the fire in his hou,the old car is the only thing that he owned.

              當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí), 偶爾也可以用who

              (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

              5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)

              (1) Who is the man that is standing there?

              (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

              6.當(dāng)先行詞既有人, 也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)

              (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

              限制性定語從句 篇4

              which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句(也引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句):

              which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容,也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容(如單詞或詞組等),在句子中可以作主語、賓語(動(dòng)詞或介詞的)、定語等。注意它在句子中的位置:只能放在主句后,不能放在主句前。表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是“不好的”、“事先沒有預(yù)料到的”等時(shí),常用which,只指物。

              Yellowstone National Park,which is in Wyoming,is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world.

              黃石國(guó)家公園位于懷俄明州,是世界上最美麗的國(guó)家公園之一。

              The clock,which my grandfather bought,is still in good order.

              這時(shí)鐘是我祖父買的,現(xiàn)在還走得很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。

              The picture,for which he paid an enormous amount of money,was a forgery.

              那幅畫他花了一大筆錢購(gòu)買,卻是幅贗品。

              I lived three years in Paris,during which time I learned French.

              我在巴黎住了三年,在那期間我學(xué)了法語。

              限制性定語從句 篇5

              1. as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)有:the same…as;as…as;such…as;so…as。主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞,需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。例,It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday .

              2、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容,從句可置于句首,句中或句尾。

              例:As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .

              3、非限制性定語從句中的謂語為被動(dòng)式時(shí),常用as做主語。

              例:besaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discusd


            限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句分別是什么?

            限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句分別是如下:

            一、形式上分別如下:

            1、限制性定語從句:限定性從句無逗號(hào),口語表達(dá)時(shí)不停頓。

            2、非限制性定語從句:非限定性從句有逗號(hào),口語表達(dá)時(shí)有停頓。

            二、功能上分別如下:

            1、限制性定語從句:限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限制、識(shí)別的作用。

            2、非限制性定語從句:非限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用。

            三、翻譯上分別如下:

            1、限制性定語從句:翻譯定語從句時(shí),一般限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前。

            2、非限制性定語從句:翻譯定語從句時(shí),非限定性定語從句與主句分開。

            相關(guān)信息:

            1.先行詞既指人又指物。

            2.先行詞被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等不定代詞修飾時(shí),或先行詞本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。

            3.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。

            4.先行詞被the only,the very,the last,the same修飾。

            5.有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞。

            6.主句以who,what,which開頭的特殊疑問句。


            限制性從句與非限制性從句怎么區(qū)分?

            限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句用法區(qū)別:



            一、 句法功能、表現(xiàn)形式不同



            定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句不可缺少先行詞,去掉它主句意思往往就不明確了,它與主句之間通常不用逗號(hào)分開;非限制性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明,去掉它也不會(huì)影響主句的意思。如:



            Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting? (限制性定語從句)


            English is an important subject, which every student should study well. (非限制性定語從句)



            二、 先行詞不盡相同


            限制性定語從句的先行詞往往是某一個(gè)詞,但非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是句子的一部分,甚至是整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語從句一般由which或as引導(dǎo),as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常用在as is said / known / expected / mentioned / reported / announced等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:



            He has pasd the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.



            As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.



            三、 關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同



            1. that 不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如:



            Her father gave her a computer for her birthday,which plead her a lot.



            2. why 不用在非限制性定語從句中,需用for which代替。如:



            I told them the reason, for which Ididn'tattend the party last week.



            3. 關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同


            關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom, 但 whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用 who代替。如:



            This is the girl whom (who) I have been in love with for six years.



            The young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to show all his love for.



            4. 關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同



            關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略;非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān)系代詞均不可省略。如:



            She is the new student (whom / who / that) I want to introduce to you.



            All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.



            四、 下列情形用非限制性定語從句



            1. 當(dāng)“不定數(shù)量詞 (如some, veral) / 數(shù)詞 + of which / whom”表示“整體 (which / whom)中的一部分”的概念時(shí)。如:


            We saw many animals in the zoo, some of which are tigers.


            There are fifteen new players in our team, two of whom come from Canada.



            2. 當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或被物主代詞和指示代詞修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。如:



            My hou, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.


            Qingdao, where I have been three times, is an attractive city to foreigners.

            擴(kuò)展資料:


            非限定性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用,在句子中不充當(dāng)成分,缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。

            定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,將非限定性定語從句放在句子中間,其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開。

            who引導(dǎo)

            Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.

            我們的向?qū)В粋€(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。

            My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.

            我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說今年將不結(jié)蘋果。

            whom引導(dǎo)

            關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞可位于句首。

            如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

            彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見過他。

            Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.

            史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。

            who引導(dǎo)

            who是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語。who通常指人,也可指動(dòng)物或無生命的事物。

            如:The boy, who father is an engineer, studies very hard.

            那位父親是位工程師小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力。

            Above the trees are the mountains, who magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

            在樹林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。

            The play,who style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.

            這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。

            which引導(dǎo)

            關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句,中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語、動(dòng)詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。

            ① which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。

            如:The apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.

            這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒有結(jié)過果實(shí)。

            She is an artist,which I am not.

            她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。

            Water,which is a clear liquid,has many us.

            水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。

            The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.

            那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上也確實(shí)如此。

            ② which指代主句中的形容詞。

            如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband ldom was.

            她對(duì)孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。

            She is always careless,which we should not be.

            她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。

            ③ which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。

            如:He said that he had never en her before,which was not true.

            他說以前從沒見過她,這不是真的。

            ④ which指代整個(gè)主句。

            如:In the prence of so many people he was little ten, which was understandable.

            在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。

            He may have acute appendicitis,in which ca he will have to be operated on.

            他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。

            When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

            他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。

            when引導(dǎo)

            關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語。

            如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.

            他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào),那時(shí)他將有空。

            where引導(dǎo)

            副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。

            如:They went to London,where they lived for six months.

            他們?nèi)チ藗惗兀谀莾捍袅肆鶄€(gè)月的時(shí)間。

            參考資料:百度百科-非限定性定語從句


            限制性的定語從句

              限制性定語從句:

              限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起限制、修飾的作用,關(guān)系代詞有that,which,whom,who,who以及關(guān)系副詞when,where等,沒有明顯的逗號(hào)把從句與主語分開,表達(dá)的意思為被修飾詞的一個(gè)定語。

              例句:

              Do you know the professor who is speaking at the meeting?

              Where is the book which I bought this morning?

               非限制性定語從句:

              作用相當(dāng)于一種插入語或者對(duì)先行詞的一種解釋,和先行詞之間只有比較松散的關(guān)系,文字中常常用逗號(hào)將其與主句分開,用法其實(shí)與限制性定語從句極為相似,只是不能用that做修飾詞。

              例句:

              This letter is from his parents, who are working in Tibet.

              Englishi is an important subject, which every students should study well.

              The building, in front of which sat a boy, was a school.

              一、

              定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開,例如:

              This is the hou which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

              The hou, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)

              2) 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí),其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:

              Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

              My hou, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

              This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動(dòng)人,我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

              3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:

              He ems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upts me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。

              Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

              二、

              從形式上看,限制性定語從句與其先行詞緊緊相連,兩者沒有停頓;非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開。從意義上講,限制性定語從句用來修飾先行詞,兩者密不可分;而非限制性定語從句僅僅對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充性敘述或說明,兩者關(guān)系不那么緊密。由于兩種定語從句存在著這些區(qū)別,一般來說,限制性定語從句多半譯成漢語的前置定語,修飾其后的先行詞,非限制性定語從句則往往譯成后置的并列從句。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。通常對(duì)定語從句處理如下:

              (1) 限制性定語從句譯成前置定語

              The neighborhoods frequently recreate much of the culture and the values of the nationality that makes up the majority of the population.

              這些居民區(qū)經(jīng)常再現(xiàn)構(gòu)成大多數(shù)居民的大量民族文化和價(jià)值觀念。

              (2) 非限制性定語從句譯成后置的并列分句

              In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and rais living standards.

              幾乎所有的發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都依賴于出口貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng),而出口的'增長(zhǎng)又有助于創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和提高人民的生活水平。

              但是,有時(shí)候因?yàn)橐馑忌系年P(guān)系,或者出于漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的考慮,要把限制性定語從句譯成后置的并列分句,而把非限制性定語從句譯成前置定語。

              (3) 限制性定語從句譯成后置的并列從句

              Each team plays ten or eleven games each ason which begins in September and ends in November.

              每個(gè)隊(duì)每賽季參加十到十一場(chǎng)比賽,每個(gè)賽季九月份開始,十一月份結(jié)束。

              (4) 非限制性定語從句譯成前置定語

              He appeared to be returning home from a walk, for his buckle shoes, which followed a fashion long since out of date, were covered with dust.

              他好象是散步之后回家去,因?yàn)樗窃缫堰^時(shí)的扣鞋上布滿了灰塵。

              (5) 有的定語從句,從意義上看實(shí)際相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,表示原因,目的,結(jié)果,讓步等關(guān)系。這樣的定語從句應(yīng)譯出漢語的偏正復(fù)句,但是要加上相應(yīng)的連接詞以表明其與主句的關(guān)系。

              Norway is, quite naturally, paying great attention to developments in Europe and in the Atlantic community, which are so instrumental to the maintenance of peace and curity in our part of the world.

              挪威自然十分關(guān)切歐洲和大西洋國(guó)家的發(fā)展,因?yàn)檫@些發(fā)展大大有助于維護(hù)世界上我們這一地區(qū)的和平和安全

              說明:關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

               三、下面是些例題,你做做看。

              一、that不能用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如:

              【考例一】She heard the terrible noi, ________brought her heart into her mouth.

              A. it B. which C. this D. that

              【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語從句,盡管先行詞noi屬于事物,也不能用that而要用which來引導(dǎo)。which指代noi,在從句中作主語。

              二、除which外,還可用when,where,who,whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時(shí)相同。如:

              Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來臨,屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。(關(guān)系副詞when指代表示時(shí)間的名詞next month,并作從句的狀語。)

              She is going to live in Macao, where she has some clo friends. 她要到澳門去居住,在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。 (關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞Macao,并在從句中作狀語。)

              【考例二】Recently I bought an ancient Chine va, ________was very reasonable.

              A. which price

              B. the price of which

              C. its price

              D. the price of who

              【解析】選B。who在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語,既可指代人,也可指代物。指物時(shí),常可轉(zhuǎn)換為of which;指人時(shí)常可轉(zhuǎn)換為of whom。

              【考例三】 In the office I never em to have time until after 5:30 pm,______many people have gone home.

              A. who time B. that

              C. on which D. by which time

              【解析】 先行詞5:30 pm與time之間是一種同位關(guān)系,可用which來作定語替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài),常與by短語連用。故選D。

              三、在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如:

              He was eager to go to the hospital to e his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母,他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛戴。

               四、非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which,既可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指代前面整句的含義。如:

              【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of cour,________made the others unhappy.

              A. who B. which

              C. this D. what

              【解析】選B。指代“Dorothy總是高度評(píng)價(jià)自己在那場(chǎng)戲中所擔(dān)任的角色”的整個(gè)事件。

              【考例五】Carol said the work would be done by October,________personally I doubt very much.

              A. it B. that

              C. when D. which

              【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞October,用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來修飾,意思不通。應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句, 表示對(duì)“Carol說在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。故選D。

              五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)as和which的差異:從句置于句首時(shí),非限制性定語從句只能用as引導(dǎo),而置于句末時(shí),兩者都可以使用。 如:

              【考例六】________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

              A. It B. As C. That D. What

              【解析】逗號(hào)表明為非限制性定語從句。選B。

              【考例七】________is mentioned above, the number of the students in nior high schools is increasing.

              A. Which B. As

              C. That D. It

              【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。


            什么是限制性定語從句

            定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,其中,限制性定語從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確,因而不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。

            限定性定語從句表現(xiàn)為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語,若省略,所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義,和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開。

            關(guān)系代詞: that which who whom

            1.that既可代表事物也可代表人, which代表事物, 在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時(shí)常可省略代詞,which在從句中作賓語不可以省略。而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉.

            eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.

            2. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時(shí),要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語。

            關(guān)系副詞:where when who

            1.where是關(guān)系副詞,用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句。

            eg. I went the Zhongshan Park, where was the right destination.

            2.when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間,表示時(shí)間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo),有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞,當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)。

            eg.By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.

            3.who是關(guān)系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物,當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí),意思相當(dāng)于of which。

            eg. I saw a boy standing on the groud, who hat was red.

            希望能幫到你

            什么是限制性定語從句

            限定性定語從句是英語語法中從句的一種,是定語從句的分支之一。限定性定語從句表現(xiàn)為先行詞,在意義上是不可缺少的定語,若省略,所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義,和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開。

            限制性定語從句為先行詞在意義上是不可缺少的定語,若去掉,所修飾主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開。
            例:She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago.
            她找到她那條丟失兩周的項(xiàng)鏈。

            ⒈限定性定語從句: 從句不能省略,如果省略整個(gè)句子意思不完整。非限定性定語從句: 從句可以省略,如果省略整個(gè)句子意思仍然完整。 
            ⒉限定性定語從句: 先行詞可以用that 引導(dǎo)。非限定性定語從句: 先行詞不可以用that 引導(dǎo)。 
            ⒊限定性定語從句: 引導(dǎo)詞有時(shí)可以省略。非限定性定語從句:引導(dǎo)詞不可以省略。 
            ⒋限定性定語從句:主句與從句不需要用逗號(hào)隔開。非限定性定語從句:主句與從句需要用逗號(hào)隔開。 
            ⒌限定性定語從句: 從句只修飾先行詞。非限定性定語從句:從句既可以修飾先行詞,也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分。
            限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句如下區(qū)別:

            一、在句中作用不同
            限制性定語從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意不完整。
            非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)其作一些附加說明,不起限定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
            二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同
            限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切,所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切,所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。

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