英語語法是什么

攻克英語語法、踏上英語學習成功之路

張林峰編著

作為中國人，要學習與我們的母語完全不同的英語，就必須從英語語法入手。

如果將英語比作一座大廈，那么語法就是構成整個大廈的水泥框架，詞匯和短

語則是構成墻壁的磚瓦，沒有堅實的骨架，大廈是無法建成的。為了我們的英

語大廈更加宏偉，讓我們從現在起精心構建它的骨架。

什么是語法？語法就是造句的方法。

學習語法就是為了我們能夠造出無數優美、正確的英語句子。

學習英語語法的步驟：

1.九大句子成分和六大基本句型結構；

2.十六種時態及十種被動語態;

3.名詞性從句（包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）;

4.定語從句;

5.狀語從句；

6.直接引語和間接引語；

7.情態動詞；

8.虛擬語氣；

9.非謂語動詞；

10.強調句；

11.主謂一致；

12.省略句；

13.冠詞、名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等的用法。

下面我們一項一項進行學習：

一、九大句子成分

九大句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語（賓語補足語）、

同位語、呼語。（主、謂、賓、表、定、狀、補、同、呼）

1.主語：A.在主謂賓結構中，主語是謂語動詞動作的發出者；

B.在主系表結構中，主語是系動詞之前的部分；

C.在Therebe結構中，主語是系動詞be之后的部分。

（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數詞、不定式、V-ing形式和主語從句

充當）

我是教師。

他們在踢足球。

熊貓是種可愛的動物。

一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。

打籃球是我的愛好。

掌握英語是我今年的目標。

練習彈鋼琴每天要花費我一個小時的時間。

他昨天的所作所為令人生氣。

Knowledgeispower.

Abeautifulgirltoldmethenews.

Hehelpedmealot.

TomasterEnglishismygoalthisyear.

Practicingplayingthepianotakesmeanhouraday.

Whathedidyesterdaymadehisparentsangry.

2.謂語：在主謂賓結構中，表示主語所發出的動作。(由動詞構成，包括16種

時態和10種

被動語態）

我種了一棵樹。

他養了一只狗。

一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。

一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。

小紅贏了比賽。

我買了本新版英語字典。

我每天練習彈鋼琴。

他昨天抓住了一個小偷。

IlikeEnglish.

Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.

Sheloveshim.

Herefudtohelp.

IenjoylearningEnglish.

Idon’tknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.

補充知識：

1）根據動詞在句中的功能，可分為四類：

實意動詞(NotionalVerb):是具有實際動作意義的詞，可以直接跟賓語或加

介詞后跟賓

語。

Weworkhard.

Iplayfootballeveryday.

Iboughtabookyesterday.

系動詞(LinkVerb):是連接主語和表語以及幫助實意動詞構成各種時態及

疑問句、否定

句、被動語態的詞。有:be,am,is,are,was,were,being,

been等。

Sheisfive.

WewereinXi’anlastevening.

Thehouhasbeensoldbyitsowner.

Mybikeisbeingrepairedbymyfathernow.

助動詞(AuxiliaryVerb):是幫助實意動詞構成各種時態及疑問句、否定句

的詞。有:do,does,did,have,has,had等。

Shedidn’tdoherhomeworkyesterday.

DoyoulikeEnglish?

Ihavebeenateacherforfifteenyears.

Hadyoufinishedyourhomeworkwhenyourmothergothomelast

evening?

情態動詞(ModalVerb):是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態

度或語氣的

動詞，但不能單獨作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形

構成謂語、否定句及疑問句。有:can(could),

may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare

(dared),shall(should),will(would),had

better,wouldrather等。

Youmustlearnitbyyourlf.

Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.

Canyouswim?

Shallwehaveapartythisweekend?

WhocanhelpmelearnEnglish?

說明：有些情況下，有些動詞是兼類詞，例如:

Wearehavingameeting.（having是實義動詞）

TheyhavegonetoNewYork.（have是助動詞。）

2）動詞根據其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類，分別是：

及物動詞(TransitiveVerb):可以直接跟賓語的動詞；

不及物動詞(IntransitiveVerb):加了介詞之后才能跟賓語的動詞。

縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。

Iliveinthisbedroom.不及物動詞(vi.)

IstudyEnglishhard.及物動詞(vt.)

3.賓語：在主謂賓結構中，謂語動詞動作的承受者。

（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數詞、不定式、V-ing形式和賓語從句充當）

我種了一棵樹。

他養了一只狗。

一只黃鼠狼偷吃了我的大公雞。

一個淘氣的孩子打碎了我的車窗。

小紅贏了比賽。

我買了本新版英語字典。

我每天練習彈鋼琴。

他昨天抓住了一個小偷。

IlikeEnglish.

Shekeepsacutemonkeyasherpet.

Sheloveshim.

Herefudtohelp.

IenjoylearningEnglish.

IwanttoknowwhenyouwillleaveforNewYork.

賓語可分為四類：

1）動作的承受者——動詞賓語：

IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數詞）

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.（the+adj.）

Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動名詞）

Ihopetoeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語從句）

2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞——介詞賓語：

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Iaminterestedinthisbook.

3）雙賓語——間接賓語（指人或動物）和直接賓語（指物）：

Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.

ShetaughtmeEnglishforthreeyears.

4)it作形式賓語：

IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglish.

ShemakesitaruletoreadEnglisheverymorning.

Wedon’tthinkitpossibletodefeatthem.

4.表語：在主系表結構中，跟在系動詞之后對主語進行修飾說明的部分。

（由名詞、名詞短語、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、

V-ing形

式、過去分詞和表語從句充當）

我是學生。

那是一只狗。

失敗是成功之母。

她很漂亮。

我很忙。

他們聰明又努力。

我的愛好是打羽毛球。

我想知道的是他怎么英語那么好。

Knowledgeispower.

Sheisahard-workingstudent.

Thepersonthatshewantstomarryishim.

Myaimistogotoafamousuniversity.

MyjobisteachingEnglishtoyoungchildren.

Weareexcited.

WhatIwanttoknowishowhecanlearnEnglishsowell.

補充知識：

1）狀態系動詞：用來表示主語的狀態，只有be,am,is,are,was,

were,being,

been等詞，例如：

Heisateacher.

Wearestudents.

Hehasbeenillforthreeyears.

TomisinXi’an.

2）持續系動詞：用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，主要有

keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand等詞，例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.

Thismatterrestsamystery.

Thevillagestandsatthefootofthehill.

JapanliestotheeastofChina.

3）表像系動詞：用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有

em,appear,look等詞，例如：

Helookstired.他看起來很累。

Heems(tobe)verysad.他看起來很傷心。

4）感官系動詞：感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste等詞，例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.這種布手感很軟。

Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來很香。

5）變化系動詞：這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有

become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run等詞，例如：

Hebecamemadafterthat.

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.

6）終止系動詞：表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout等詞，表達

"證實"，

"變成"之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfal.

Thearchproveddifficult.

Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

注意：可帶名詞作表語的系動詞be,

become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,

remain,turn等。注意：turn后接的單數名詞前多不用冠詞。

7）系動詞無被動語態：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,

look,remain,em,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn例如：

Itsoundsgood.

Thedishsmellsdelicious.

Hefellilllastnight.

5.定語：用來修飾或限定一個名詞的詞、短語或從句。

（由名詞、冠詞、代詞、形容詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和定語

從句充當）

一位男老師將教我們英語。

那是一個寧靜的夜晚。

我有很多事情要做。

坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。

在事故中被壓死的狗是他的。

他就是我昨天在公園見到的那個老外。

我昨天丟的筆找到了。

我想上的大學是北大。

Amandoctorwilltakecareofyou.

Thisgirlismybestfriend.

Ihavealotofhomeworktodotoday.

Theboystandingthereismybrother.

Thedogkilledintheaccidentbelongedtomygrandpa.

ThepenwhichIlostyesterdaywasgiventomeasabirthdaygift

bymy

mum.

英語中的定語和漢語中的定語的最大差別在于它所處的位置，漢語中無論是

詞、短語或句子作定語時，都放在被修飾詞之前，而英語中，只有單個的詞

或復合形容詞作定語時才放在被修飾詞之前，其它情況全部放在被修飾詞之

后。英語中的定語種類有十余種，下面我們分類學習：

1）單個的名詞、形容詞、數詞、代詞、V-ing、P.P.及復合形容詞作定語，

放在被修飾詞前。

amandoctorawomanteacheraboystudentababygirl

abeautifulgirlalovelybabyaniceprentan

honestboy

threetoysfivepeopleeightelephantsnine

years

thisbookthopensmybrotheryoursister

boilingwateranexcitinggameaswimmingpoola

readingroom

thesleepingbabyadancingcattheshoutingcrowdthe

cryinggirl

boiledwatertheexcitedaudienceadisappointed

mother

awarm-heartedwelcomeacold-bloodedkillerawhite-haired

woman

2)“什么地方的什么”=the+N.+介詞短語

thepictureonthewall墻上的畫兒thebirdsinthetree樹上的

鳥

thebooksontheshelf架子上的書theholeinthewall墻上的

洞

thecatinthebox盒子里的貓thelampovermyhead我頭

頂的燈

thestudentsinourclass我們班的學生

3)“正在做什么的人或物”=the+N+V-ing+(O)+LA+TA

themanstandingthere站在那里的男子

thedogbarkingnow正在吠叫的狗

thegirlsingingonthestage正在舞臺上唱歌的女孩

theboyswimmingintheriver正在河里游泳的男孩

4)“正在被怎么樣的人或物”=the+N+being+P.P.+LA+TA

thebridgebeingbuiltnow正在被建的橋

themeetingbeingheldnow正在被召開的會議

theboybeingpunishedbyourteacher正在被我們老師懲罰的學生

5)“將要被怎么樣的人或物”=the+N+tobe+P.P.+LA+TA

themeetingtobeheldtomorrowmorning明早將要被召開的

會議

thestudenttobenttoAmericabyourschool將被我們學校送往

美國的學生

theschooltobetupinthevillage將被建在這個村子里的

學校

6)“已經被怎么樣的人或物”=the+N+P.P.+LA+TA

themankilledintheaccidentlastnight昨晚在事故中被壓死的

人

thebridgebuiltlastyear去年被建成的橋

themeetingheldyesterday昨天被召開的會議

7)“穿著什么樣衣服的人”=the+N+in+a/an+衣服+LA+TA

themaninablackT-shirt穿著黑色T恤的男子

thegirlinaredmini-skirt穿著紅色迷你裙的女孩

themaninasuit穿著西服套裝的男子

8)“穿著什么顏色衣服的人”=the+N+in+顏色+LA+TA

themaninblack穿著黑衣的人thegirlinred穿著紅色衣服

的女孩

thewomaninblue穿著藍色衣服的女士theboyingreen穿著綠色

衣服的男孩

9)副詞做定語一般后置=the+N+adv.

thestudentshere這里的學生themanoverthere那邊的男

子

pasngersaboard車（船、飛機）上的乘客

10)形容詞（形容詞短語）做后置定語=the+N+adj.+LA+TA

aroomlagreenoughtohold100people大到能容納100人的房間

abasketfulloffruits裝滿水果的籃子

aboycleverenoughtospeakthreelanguages聰明到會說三種語言

的男孩

11)“什么什么相同的人或物”=the+N+of+N

agirlofherownage和她年齡相同的女孩

birdsofafeather相同羽毛的鳥

thebottlesofthesameshape相同形狀的瓶子

12)“有什么的人或物“=the/a+N+with+N

agirlwithlonghair長發女孩aboywithbigeyes大眼睛的

男孩

13)定語從句=the+N+引導詞+從句

TheN(人)+who/that+V+O+LA+TA(人主)

Theteacherwho/thattaughtmeEnglishatthisschoollastyear

Thethiefwho/thatstolemywalletyesterday

TheN(人)+who/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(人主)

Thethiefwho/thatwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday

TheN(人)+(whom/that)+S+V+LA+TA(人賓)

Thegirl(whom/that)Imetintheparkyesterday

Theoldman(whom/that)Ihelpedyesterday

TheN(物)+which/that+V+O+LA+TA(物主)

Thedogwhich/thatbitmeintheparkyesterday

Thehorwhich/thatranawaylastweek

TheN(物)+which/that+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA(物主)

Thedogwhich/thatwaskilledintheaccidentyesterday

TheN(物)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(物賓)

Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterday

Thedog(which/that)Isawyesterday

TheN(人,物)+who+N+V+O+LA+TA(人,物,所屬)

Themanwhosonisadoctorinthishospital

Theroomwhodoorisgreen

Such+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

SuchpeopleasIgottoknowinAmericalastyear

SuchbooksasIboughtyesterday

Thesame+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

ThesamebikeasIlostyesterday

So+adj.+a/an+N+as+S+V+LA+TA

Socleveraboyasalltheteacherslike

TheN(時間)+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行詞作賓語)

Theyear(which/that)IspentinAmerica

TheN(時間)+when/介詞+which+S+V+O+LA(先行詞作狀

語)

Theyearwhen/inwhichIstudiedEnglishinAmerica

TheN(地點)+(which/that)+S+V+TA(先行詞作賓語)

Themuum(which/that)Ivisitedlastweek

Theschool(which/that)wetupinthevillage

TheN(地點)+where/介詞+which+S+V+O+TA(先行詞作狀語)

Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworks

Thefarmwhere/onwhichIworkedlastyear

Thereason+(which/that)+S+V+LA+TA(先行詞作賓語)

Thereason(which/that)hemadeup

Thereason(which/that)hetoldme

Thereason+why/forwhich+S+V+O+LA+TA(先行詞作狀

語)

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday

Thereasonwhy/forwhichIpunishedyou

6.狀語：說明謂語動詞動作所處的狀態（包括時間、地點、原因、比較、目的、

結果、條件、方式和讓步狀語）。

（由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞和狀語從句充當）

我在那里見到的他。

在一個寧靜的夜晚，他們誓血為盟。

由于生病，他沒有去上學。

她哼著歌離開了教室。

盡管在下雨，他們繼續工作。

即使你給我買票，我也不會跟你去看電影。

為了練習發音，我每天都模仿VOA。

當從山頂看時，我們學校看起來很漂亮。

Imethimthere.

Hestudiesinakeymiddleschool.

TolearnEnglishwell,shetakeverychancetopracticeheroral

English.

Seeingfromthetopofthebuilding,youcanethewholetown.

Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,thetownlooksbeautiful.

Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.

7.補語(賓語補足語)：跟在賓語之后對賓語進行補充說明的句子成分。

（由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、V-ing形式、過去分詞）

我們選他當班長。

這場激烈的比賽令所有觀眾都很興奮。

母親每天都讓我朗讀英語。

他讓我們等了兩個小時。

毛澤東的逝世令舉國哀痛。

老師罰我下蹲兩百次。

據預測美國民眾將再次選奧巴馬為總統。

請讓我進去。

Wewillmakehimmonitor.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.

Plealetmein.

MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheverymorning.

Hekeptmewaitingfortwohours.

Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthematchmadeuxcited.

8.同位語：表示同一主體的兩個不同的詞、短語或從句。

（由名詞、名詞短語、同位語從句）

我們學生應當努力學習。

我最好的朋友小明將去美國留學。

誰下學期將教我們英語的問題尚未得到答復。

我們隊贏了比賽的消息讓我們興奮。

眾所周知英語變得越來越重要的事實。

我們明天要考試的消息已經公布了。

我們可以怎樣進一步合作的問題將在會議上討論。

Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

Jack,afriendofmine,hasbeenntabroadtostudybyour

school.

ThefactthatEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantis

knowntoeveryone.

ThequestionwhowillteachusEnglishwillbeanswered

tomorrow.

9.呼語：稱呼用語。（如：Sir,YourMajesty,YourHighness,Madam等）。

二、六大基本句型結構

英語的基本句型結構只有三種：1.主謂賓結構；2.主系表結構；e

結構。

主謂賓結構又有可引申出三種：1.主謂狀結構；2.主謂+雙賓語結構；3.主謂

賓+賓補結構。

1.主謂賓結構：表示主語做什么；

主語+謂語+賓語+方式狀語+地點狀語+時間狀語.

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

IreadEnglishintheclassroomeveryday.

Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryevening.

2.主系表結構：表示主語是什么、怎么樣、在哪里；

主語+系動詞+表語+地點狀語+時間狀語。

S+LV+P+LA+TA.

Iamastudentinthisschoolnow.

Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.

IwasinBeijinglastSunday.

e結構：表示什么地方有什么；

Therebe+主語+地點狀語+時間狀語。

Therebe+S+LA+TA.

Thereisabookonthedesknow.

Therewasatreeintheyardtwoyearsago.

4.主語+謂語+(狀語).

S+V+（A）.

Shesmiles.

Heislaughingaloud.

5.主語+謂語+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語+地點狀語+時間狀

語.

S+V+DO+Prep.+IO+LA+TA.

=主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語+地點狀語+時間狀語.

S+V+IO+DO+LA+TA.

Sheboughtatieformelastweek.=Sheboughtmeatielastweek.

MarygaveabooktoTomyesterday.=MarygaveTomabook

yesterday.

6.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語+(狀語)。

S+V+O+OC+(A).

WemadeTommonitoryesterday.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappy.

Thepainisdrivingmemad.

MymothergetsmetoreadEnglisheveryday.

Heshotthewolfdead.

下面我們學習通過在基本句型中加入定語、各種狀語等的方式來造復雜的英

文句子的方法。我們將其稱為：積木式造句法。

1.主謂賓結構的句子擴充：

（時間狀語）+（前置定語）+主語+（后置定語）+謂語+（前置定語）+

賓語+（后置定語）+（地點狀語）+（時間狀語）.

Aboymetagirl.

Ahandsomeboymetabeautifulgirl.

AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthat

wasdresdinaredmini-skirt.

AhandsomeboywhowaswearingablackT-shirtmetabeautifulgirlthat

wasdresdinaredminiskirtintheparkyesterday.

2.主系表結構的句子擴充：

（前置定語）+主語+（后置定語）+系動詞+（前置定語）+表語+（后

置定語）+（地點狀語）+（時間狀語）.

Themanismyteacher.

ThehandsomemanismyEnglishteacher.

Thehandsomemanwhoisstandingtheretalkingwithmymotherismy

Englishteacherthathasbeenteachingmeathishomeforthreeyears.

e結構的句子擴充：

Therebe+(前置定語)+主語+（后置定語）+（地點狀語）+（時間狀語）.

Thereisabookonthedesk.

ThereisanEnglishbookonthedesk.

ThereisanEnglishbookonChinehistory,whichwaswrittenbya

famousBritish

historian,onthedeskthatstandsnearthewindow.

積木式造句法是英語學習中最簡潔明了的造句方法，同學們一定要多加練

習、熟練掌握。通過這種造句方法我們可以造出大量語法正確、意思清楚地句

子，為我們的英語寫作打下堅實的基礎。

三、16種時態及10種被動語態

時態的概念：時態用來說明一個動作發生地時間或多個動作發生的時間順序及

所處的狀態。時態分為16種主動語態和10種被動語態。主動語態是以動作的

發出者作主語的句子；被動語態是以動作的承受著作主語的句子。下面我們分

開進行學習：

16種時態總表及10種被動語態總表

一般_____時______進行時______完成時_____完成進行時

現在一般現在時現在進行時現在完成時現在完成進行時

過去一般過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成進行時

將來一般將來時將來進行時將來完成時將來完成進行時

過去將來一般過去將來時過去將來進行時過去將來完成時過去將來完成進行時

注：加粗的10種時態具有被動語態，其余6種則沒有。

字母符號的定義：S主語、V動詞原形、V-ing現在分詞、V-ed過去式、

P.P.過去分詞、O賓語、P表語、A定語、MA方式狀語、LA地點狀語、LV系

動詞、TA時間狀語、OA其他狀語、TP時間段。

十六種時態的主動語態：

1.一般現在時：以下三種情況使用一般現在時：

1.經常發生的動作；2.習慣性的動作；3.客觀事實和真

理。

①主謂賓結構的句子：

a.陳述句肯定句：表示主語經常或習慣于做什么。

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

Sheplaysthepianoattentivelyathomeeveryday.

WereadEnglisheveryday.

b.陳述句否定式：表示主語經常或習慣于不做什么。

S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

Idon’tbelieveyou.

Wedon’tlikeplayingfootball.

Tomdoesn’tspeakChine.

c.表示“常常，通常”always,often,sometimes,rarely,

frequently,never,

ldom,occasionally,usually,generally…

S+always/often/sometimes…+V+O+MA+LA+TA.

S+is/are/am+always/often/sometimes…+P+LA+TA.

Heoftencomestoeme.

Wesometimesstayuplate.

Myfatherisalwaysbusy.

d.一般疑問句式：表示主語經常或習慣于做什么嗎。

Do/Does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

Doyouhavelunchathomeeveryday?

Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.

Doessheplaythepianoatschooleveryday?

Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.

e.選擇疑問句式：表示主語經常或習慣于做A還是是做B。

Do/Does+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Do/Does+S+V+O+MA1orMA2+LA+TA?

Doyouliketeaorcoffee?

Doesyourfriendplayfootballorbasketball?

Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?

f.反義疑問句式：

S+V+O+MA+LA+TA,don’t/doesn’t+S?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

S+don’t/doesn’t+V+O+MA+LA+TA,do/does+S?

Yes,S+do/does./No,S+don’t/doesn’t.

HecomesfromNorway,doesn’the?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

YoulikeEnglishbest,don’tyou?.

Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.

Yourfatherdoesn’tsmoke,doeshe?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish,doeshe?

Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.

g.特殊疑問句式：提問主語在什么時間、地點、原因、方式等做什

么。

Wh-/How+do/does+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatdoessheplayatschooleveryday?

Wheredoyouhaveluncheveryday?

h.否定疑問句：（難道）…不…嗎？

Isn’t/Aren’t+S+P?

Don’t/Doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whydon’t/doesn’t+S+V+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyaren’t/isn’t+S+P?

Whyaren’t/isn’t+there+S+LA+TA?

Isn’tthatyourgirlfriend?

Aren’tyoubusytoday?

Don’tyouknowIloveyousomuch?

Whydon’tyoutellhimthetruth?

Whyisn’tthereabridgeovertheriver?

i.習慣了……

S+be/get/become+udto(doing)+O+LA+TA.

S+be/get/become+accustomedto(doing)+O+LA+

TA.

Heisudtolivingalone.

Hebecomesudtoloneliness.

Heisaccustomedtogettingupearly.

j.祈使句句式：

V+O+LA+TA,plea.

Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,plea.

Openthedoor,plea.

Don’ttellyourmotherIdrankbeerjustnow,plea.

k.祈使句的反義疑問句式：

V+O+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?

Don’t+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?

Let’s+V+O+LA+TA,shallwe?

Letus+V+O+LA+TA,willyou?

Gotothecinemawithmethivening,will/won’tyou?

Don’topenthedoor,willyou?

Let’sgotothecinema,shallwe?

Letushelpthem,willyou?

②主系表結構的句子：

a.陳述句肯定句式：表示主語現在或當前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。

S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA.

Sheisastudent.

Theyareintelligent.

b.陳述句否定句式：表示主語現在或當前不是什么、不怎么樣、不

在哪里。

S+am/is/are+not+P+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA.

Iamnothappytoday.

Sheisnotathomenow.

Theyaren’tintheclassroomnow.

c.一般疑問句式：提問主語現在或當前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎。

Am/Is/Are+S+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Issheastudent?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

Aretheyintelligent?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

d.選擇疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Isyourfatherateacheroradoctor?

AreyourfriendsfromAmericaorEngland?

e.反義疑問句式：

S+am/is/are+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Youareastudent,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

Iamagoodboy,aren’tI?Yes,youare./No,youarenot.

f.特殊疑問句式：提問主語現在或當前是什么、怎么樣、在哪里嗎

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+P+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去

掉哪部分)

Whatisshe?

Howarethey?

g.祈使句句式：

Be+P+LA+TA,plea.

Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,plea.

Becarefulnexttime,plea.

Don’tbelateagain,plea.

h.祈使句的反義疑問句式：

Be+P+LA+TA,will/won’tyou?

Don’tbe+P+LA+TA,willyou?

Bemorecarefulnexttime,will/won’tyou?

Don’tbeangry,willyou?

③Therebe結構的句子：表示現在或當前什么地方有什么。

a.陳述句肯定句式：

Thereis/are+S+LA.

Thereisabookonthedesk.

Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.

b.陳述句否定句式：

Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA.

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA.

Thereisnotanywaterintheglass.

Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.

c.反義疑問句式：

Thereis/are+S+LA,isn’/aren’t+there?

Thereis/are+not+any+S+LA,is/are+there?

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+any+S+LA,is/are+there?

Yes,there+is/are./No,there+isn’t/aren’t.

Therearetwotigersinthezoo,aren’tthere?

Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.

Thereisn’tanywaterinthecup,isthere?

Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Is/Are+there+S+LA?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Isthereanappletreeinyouryard?Yes,thereis.

Arethereanyforeignstudentsinyourclass?No,therearen’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+is/are+there+S+LA?

Whatisthereonthedesk?

Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?

2.一般過去時：1.表示主語過去經常做什么或習慣于做什么；

2.表示過去某一時間發生某事；

3.表示主語過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里；

4.表示過去什么地方有什么。

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示在過去的某個時間主語做過什么或某事發生

過。

a.陳述句式的肯定句：

S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.

Thehunterkilledawolfintheforestlastnight.

Iwenttothecinemalastevening.

b.陳述句否定句式：

S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA.

Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

Wedidn’tplayfootballatschoolyesterdayafternoon.

c.一般疑問句式：

Did+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

Didyouehimintheparkyesterdayafternoon?

Yes,Idid.

Didhetellyouthenewsthatwewillhaveathree-dayholiday

nextweek?

No,hedidn’t.

d.選擇疑問句式：

Did+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Did+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Didyourfriendsplayfootballorbasketballyesterday

afternoon?

Didyougotoschoolbybusorbybikethismorning?

e.反義疑問句式：

S+V-ed+O+LA+TA,didn’t+S?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

S+didn’t+V+O+LA+TA,did+S?

Yes,S+did./No,S+didn’t.

Youplayedfootballyesterdayafternoon,didn’tyou?

Yes,wedid./No,wedidn’t.

Youdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday,didyou?

Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+did+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Who+V-ed+O+LA+TA?（提問主語時）

Whoplayedfootballyesterday?

WhatdidyoudolastSunday?

Wheredidyougolastevening?

HowdidyougotoXi’anyesterday?

g.否定疑問句：（難道）…不…嗎？

Wasn’t/Weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?

Didn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Whydidn’t+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Whywasn’t/weren’t+S+P+LA+TA?

Whywasn’t/weren’t+there+S+LA+TA?

Wasn’tthatyourgirlfriendonthebusjustnow?

Weren’tyoubusyyesterday?

Didn’tyouknowthatTomhadstolenyourwatch?

Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruththen?

Whywasn’tthereabridgeovertherivertwoyearsago?

②主系表結構的句子：表示主語過去是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。

a.陳述句肯定式：

S+was/were+P+LA+TA.

Hewasateacherinthisschooltwoyearsago.

Shewasverybeautifulwhenshewasinhertwenties.

b.陳述句否定式：

S+was/were+not+P+LA+TA.

=S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA.

Tomwasn’tapolicemantwoyearsago.

Weweren’tathomelastevening.

Shewasn’tbeautifulwhenshewasyoung.

c.一般疑問句式：

Was/Were+S+P+LA+TA？

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Wassheaworkertwoyearsago?

Washeveryhandsomewhenhewasyoung?

d.選擇疑問句式：

Was/Were+S+P1orP2+LA+TA?

S+was/were+P1./S+was/were+P2.

Wasyourfatherateacheroradoctorinthepast?

WereyourfriendsinAmericaorEnglandlastyear?

d.反義疑問句式：

S+was/were+P+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+S?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

S+wasn’t/weren’t+P+LA+TA,was/were+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

YouwereinXi’anyesterday,weren’tyou?

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.

Hewasagoodboyinthepast,wasn’the?

Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+S+P+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatwashetwoyearsago?

Wherewereyoulastmonth?

③Therebe結構的句式：表示過去什么地方有什么。

a.陳述句肯定式：

Therewas/were+S+LA+TA.

Therewasatreeinmyyardtwoyearsago.

Therewerewolvesintheforestinthepast.

b.陳述句否定句式：

Therewas/were+not+S+LA+TA.

=Therewasn’t/weren’t+S+LA+TA.

Therewasn’taschoolinthisvillagetenyearsago.

Thereweren’tanystudentsintheclassroomjustnow.

c.一般疑問句式：

Was/Were+there+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therewas/were./No,therewasn’t/weren’t.

Wasthereatempleonthetopofthemountainyearsago?

Weretheremonkeysintheparkinthepast?

d.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+there+S+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whatwasthereinmyyardtwoyearsago?

Whereweretheremonkeysinthepast?

e.反義疑問句式：

Therewas/were+S+LA,wasn’/weren’t+there?

Therewas/were+not+any+S+LA,was/were+there?

=Therewasn’t/weren’t+any+S+LA,was/were+there?

Yes,there+was/were./No,there+wasn’t/weren’t.

Thereweretwotreesinyourgardeninthepast,weren’tthere?

Yes,therewere./No,thereweren’t.

Therewasn’tanymoneyinyourpocket,wasthere?

Yes,therewas./No,therewasn’t.

3.一般將來時：

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示主語在將來的某個時間將要做什么。

A.表示按照計劃將做某事：

a.陳述句肯定句式：

S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

Iamgoingtovisitmyteacheratherhometomorrow.

SheisgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.

b.陳述句否定句式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA.

Wearenotgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.

Sheisn’tgoingtostudyinAmericanextyear.

c.一般疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Areyougoingtohelpustomorrow?

Isshegoingtomarryherboyfriendnextmonth?

d.選擇疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Am/Is/Are+S+goingto+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Areyougoingtoplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthis

afternoon?

AreyougoingtogotoBeijingbyplaneorbytrainnextmonth?

e.反義疑問句式：

S+am/is/are+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+

S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingto+V+O+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Youaregoingtobuyadictionarythisafternoon,aren’tyou?

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

Tomisn’tgoingtogetmarriednextmonth,ishe?

Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+goingto+V+O+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

Whoisgoingtomarryhernextmonth?

B.表示臨時決定做某事：

a.陳述句肯定句式：

S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA.

Ishallcallhernow.

Theywillleavesoon.

b.陳述句否定句式：

S+shall/willnot+V+O+LA+TA.

Weshallnothaveapartythivening.

Iwillnotgotothecinemawithherthivening.

c.一般疑問句式：

Shall/Will+S+V+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Willtheygototheparkthisafternoon?

Willyouhelpcarrythebox?

d.選擇疑問句式：

Shall/Will+S+V+O1orO2+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+V+O+A1orA2+LA+TA?

Shallweplayfootballorbasketballatschoolthisafternoon?

WillyougotoXi’anbybusorbycartomorrowmorning?

e.反義疑問句式：

S+shall/will+V+O+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

S+shan’t/won’t+V+O+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Weshallcleantheclassroomafterclass,shan’twe?

Yes,weshall./No,weshan’t.

TomwillgotoTibettomorrow,won’the?

Yes,hewill./No,shewon’t.

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+V+O+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowillcleantheclassroomthisafternoon?

Whenwillyougotoehim?

C.表示按照時間表或安排很快就要發生的事情：

a.陳述句肯定式：

S+am/is/areto+V+O+LA+TA.

Theplaneistotakeoffsoon.

Themeetingistostartat2:30.

b.陳述句否定式：

S+am/is/are+notto+V+O+LA+TA.

Thetrainisnottoleaveinfiveminutes.

Thepartyisnottostartsoon.

c.一般疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?

Isthefilmtobeginsoon?

Isthetraintoleaveinfiveminutes?

d.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+to+V+O+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部分)

Whenisthetraintoleave?

Whoistoeusoffatthestation?

D.表示即將很快發生的動作：

a.陳述句式：

S+is/are/amaboutto+V+O+LA.

Sheisabouttogiveaspeechtous.

E.具有方向性的動詞可以用現在進行時表示將來時：

a.陳述句式：

S+is/are/am+V-ing+O+LA+TA.

Iamcoming.

Theyareleaving.

②主系表結構的句子：表示主語將來將會是什么、怎么樣、在哪里。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA.

S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA.

IamgoingtobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.

Mymotherwillbeverybusytomorrow.

TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA.

S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA.

=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA.

Mybrotherisnotgoingtobeapolicemanaftergraduation.

Iwon’tbeathometomorrowmorning.

c.一般疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

Shall/Will+S+be+P+LA+TA?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Areyougoingtobeateacherinthefuture?

Willyoubeathometomorrowevening?

d.選擇疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+P1orP2+LA+TA?

Areyougoingtobeateacherorabusinessmaninthefuture?

WillyoubeinXi’anorinYanliangtomorrow?

e.反義疑問句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/willbe+P+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+S?

Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,am/is/are+

S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+P+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/will+not+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

=S+shan’t/won’t+be+P+LA+TA,shall/will+S?

Yes,S+shall/wil./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Youaregoingtobeateacherinthefuture,aren’tyou?

Sheisnotgoingtobeanuraftergraduation,isshe?

TomwillbeinXi’antomorrow,isn’the?

Youwon’tbeathometomorrowevening,willyou?

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+P+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+P+LA+TA?

（提問哪部分就去掉哪部分）

Whatareyougoingtobeinthefuture?

Whereisyourmothergoingtobetomorrow?

Whenwillyoubeatofficetomorrow?

WhywillyoubeinXi’antomorrow?

③Therebe結構的句式：表示將來什么地方將會有什么。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA.

Therewillbe+S+LA+TA.

Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchatourschooltomorrow

afternoon.

Therewillbeaheavyrainthivening.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA.

Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA.

=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA.

Thereisn’tgoingtobeabasketballmatchatourschool

tomorrow.

Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthivening.

c.反義疑問句式：

Thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+there?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Therewillbe+S+LA+TA,won’tthere?

Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.

Thereis/are+not+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+

there?

=Thereisn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+S+LA+TA,is/are+

there?

Yes,thereis/are./No,thereisn’t/aren’t.

Therewill+not+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?

=Therewon’t+be+S+LA+TA,will+there?

Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t.

Thereisgoingtobeameetingthisafternoon,isn’tthere?

Therewillbeatesttomorrowmorning,won’tthere?

Thereisn’tgoingtobeanexcitingmovieonTVthivening,is

there?

Therewon’tbeanystudentsintheclassroomthisafternoon,

willthere?

d.一般疑問句式：

Is/Are+theregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?

Will+therebe+S+LA+TA?

Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartythivening?

WilltherebeanAmericanteacheratyourschoolnextterm?

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+is/are+thereis/aregoingtobe+S+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+will+therebe+S+LA+TA?（提問哪部分就去掉哪部分）

Howmanyforeignteachersaretheregoingtobeinyour

schoolnextyear?

Howmanypeoplewilltherebeatyourpartythivening?

4.過去將來時：

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示從過去某個時間來看將來某個時間主語將做

某事。通常作賓語從句或構成間接引語。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O+

LA+TA.

Ineverthought(that)youwouldbringmeagiftformybirthday.

Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+V+O+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+V+O

+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+V+

O+LA+TA.

Hesaid(that)hewouldnothelpusthenextday.

Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’ttellmethetruth.

c.一般疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+V+

O+LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldtakepartinherwedding

onthatSunday.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldhaveapartythatnight.

d.特殊疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+V+O+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+V+O

+LA+TA.

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(ourheadteacher)whowouldteachusEnglish

thenextterm.

Iasked(her)howshewouldgototheUSA.

②主系表結構的句子：表示從過某個時間來看將來某個時間主語將是什

么、怎么樣、在哪里。通常作賓語從句或構成間接引語。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/weregoingto+be+P+

LA+TA.

IneverthoughtthatIwouldbeateacherwhenIgrewup.

HetoldmethathewouldbeinNewYorkthenextmonth.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnot+be+P+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’t+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+was/werenotgoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wasn’t/weren’tgoingto+

be+P+LA+TA.

Hesaidthathewouldnotbeathomethenextday.

Ihadthoughtthathewouldn’tbeathomewhenIwenttoe

him.

c.一般疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+would+be+P+LA+

TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+was/weregoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whetherIwouldbeadoctorafter

graduation.

Hewantedtoknowwhetherwewouldbeathomethatevening.

d.特殊疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+would+be+P+LA+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+was/weregoingto+be+

P+LA+TA.

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(me)whowouldbeourEnglishteacherthenext

term.

Iasked(her)whereshewouldbethatevening.

③Therebe結構的句子：表示從過某個時間來看將來某個時間什么地

方將會有什么。通常作賓語從句或構成間接引語。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/weregoingtobe+S+

LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.

HetoldmethattherewouldbeafootballmatchonTVthat

evening.

Ineverthoughtthattherewouldbesomanypeopleatherparty.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+was/werenotgoingtobe+

S+LA+TA.

=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wasn’t/weren’tgoingtobe

+S+LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldnot+be+S+LA+

TA.

=S+V-ed+(O)+(that)+there+wouldn’t+be+S+LA+

TA.

Hesaid(that)therewouldnotbeamovieonTVthatevening.

Ineverthoughtthattherewouldn’tbeanyfoodinmy

refrigerator.

c.一般疑問句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+therewas/weregoingtobe+S

+LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+there+would+be+S+LA+

TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/iftherewouldbeafootballmatch

atourschoolthatafternoon.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/iftherewouldbeastormthat

evening.

d.特殊疑問句式：

S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+therewas/weregoingtobe+S+

LA+TA.

S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+there+would+be+S+LA+TA.

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heasked(me)howmanypeopletherewouldbeatour

Englishpartythatevening.

Iasked(her)howmanyAmericanstudentstherewouldbein

herclassthenextterm.

5.現在進行時：表示此時此刻或當前一段時間主語正在做某事或某事正在發生。

a.陳述句的肯定式：

S+am/is/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

Theyareplayingbasketballhappilyontheplaygroundnow.

MyparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.

b.陳述句的否定式：

S+am/is/are+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IamnotwatchingTVathomenow.

TheyarenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomnow.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+is/am/are+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,isn’t/aren’t+S?

S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,am/is/are

+S?

Yes,S+is/am/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

YourparentsarewatchingTVinthelivingroom,aren’tthey?

Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

Youarenotlearninginyourstudynow,areyou/

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

d.一般疑問句式：

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Issheplayingthepianoinherroomnow?

AretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomnow?

e.選擇疑問句式：

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Is/Are/Am+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Aretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundnow?

AreyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomenow?

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whoissinginginthenextroomnow?

Wherearetheyplayingfootballnow?

g.否定疑問句式：

Why+isn’t/aren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyaren’tyousleepingnow?

Whyisn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudynow?

6.過去進行時：表示在過去的某個時間主語正在做某事或某事正在發生。

常用的時間狀語有：

atthistimeyesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening;

atthistimelastweek/month/year;atthattime;

atnineo’clockyesterdaymorning;justnow;

fromJunetoAugustlastyear;

when+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA.

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IwaswatchingTVatthistimelastevening.

TheywerelearningEnglishwhenIwenttoethem.

b.陳述句的否定式：

S+was/were+not+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

IwasnotwatchingTVathomeatnineo’clocklastevening.

TheywerenotlearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenIwentto

ethem.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+was/were+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,wasn’t/weren’t+

S?

S+wasn’t/weren’t+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,was/were+

S?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Yourmotherwascookingsupperwhenyougothome,weren’t

she?

Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.

YouwerenotlearningEnglishinyourstudythen,wereyou?

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Yes,S+was/were./No,S+wasn’t/weren’t.

Wassheplayingthepianoinherroomatthistimelastevening?

Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.

WeretheylearningEnglishintheclassroomwhenyougot

there?

Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.

e.選擇疑問句式：

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Was/Were+S+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Weretheyplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundat

nineo’clockthismorning?

Theywereplayingfootball.

WereyoulearningEnglishorwatchingTVathomewhenyour

mothergothome?

IwaslearningEnglishwhenmymothergothome.

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+was/were+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowassinginginthenextroomjustnow?

Whereweretheyplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday

afternoon?

g.否定疑問句式：

Why+wasn’t/weren’t+S+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whyweren’tyousleepingattwelveo’clocklastnight?

Whywasn’tshelearningEnglishinherstudyatthistimelast

evening?

7.將來進行時：表示在將來的某個時間主語將會正在做某事或某事正在發生。

常用的時間狀語有：

atthistimetomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening;

atthistimenextweek/month/year;

atnineo’clocktomorrowmorning;

fromJunetoAugustnextyear;

when+S+V+O+LA+TA.

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

I’mgoingtobelearningEnglishatthistimetomorrowmorning.

Wewillbehavingapartyatthistimetomorrowevening.

b.陳述句的否定式：

S+am/is/are+not+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA

+TA.

S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA.

I’mnotgoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJuneto

Augustnextyear.

Theywillnotbehavingapartyintheclassroomatven

o’clocktomorrowevening.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,

am/is/are+S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+

TA,am/is/are+S?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

S+shall/willbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shan’t/won’t+

S?

S+shall/willnotbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will+

S?

=S+shan’t/won’tbe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA,shall/will

+S?

Yes,S+shall/will./No,S+shan’t/won’t.

Yourmotherisgoingtobecookingsupperwhenyouget

home,isn’tshe?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

Youwillbelearninginyourstudyatnineo’clockthivening,

won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishinAmericafromJuneto

Augustnextyear?

Willyoubeplayingbasketballatthistimetomorrowmorning?

e.選擇疑問句式：

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA

+TA?

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+

MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+O2+MA+LA+TA?

Shall/Will+S+be+V-ing+O1or+V-ing+O2+MA+LA+

TA?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorJapaneatthistime

tomorrowmorning?

AreyougoingtobelearningEnglishorwatchingTVathome

thivening.

Willtheybeplayingfootballorbasketballontheplaygroundat

nineo’clocktomorrowmorning?

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtobe+V-ing+O+MA+

LA+TA?

Wh-/How+shall/will+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whatareyougoingtobedoingatthistimetomorrow

afternoon?

Wherewillyoubewaitingformethivening?

g.否定疑問句式：

Why+won’t+S+be+V-ing+O+MA+LA+TA?

Whywon’tyoubelearningEnglishatnineo’clocktomorrow

morning?

Whywon’ttheybewaitingforusattheschoolgatetomorrow

morning?

8.過去將來進行時：表示從過去某個時間來看將來某個時間主語將會正在做某

事或某事正在發生。通常作賓語從句或構成間接引語。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA+

TA.

HetoldmethathewouldbestudyinginEnglandfromMay

toJulythenextyear.

Theteachersaidthatwewouldbehavingatesttomorrow

morning.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldnotbe+V-ing+O+LA

+TA.

=S1+V-ed+(O)+(that)+S2+wouldn’tbe+V-ing+O+

LA+TA.

Hesaid(that)hewouldnotbeplayingfootballatschoolthat

afternoon.

Ihadthought(that)hewouldn’tbeattendingthemeetingthat

evening.

c.一般疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+

LA+TA.

Sheasked(me)whether/ifIwouldbehavingapartythat

Saturdayevening.

Hewantedtoknowwhether/ifwewouldbedoingour

homeworkatnineo’clockthatevening.

d.特殊疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldbe+V-ing+O+LA

+TA.

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Heaskedwhatwewouldbedoingatthattimethenextday.

Hewantedtoknowwhowouldbegivingusaspeechthenext

morning.

9.現在完成時:

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示到目前為止主語已經做過某事或某事已經

發生。

常用的時間狀語有：

since2000;for+TP;sofar;uptonow;

since+TP+ago;(ever)since+S+V-ed+O+LA+

TA;

inthepastfewyears;(ever)since+S+was/were+P+

LA+TA;

inthepastthreeyears;

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.

Ihavealreadyenthemovie.

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepast

fewyears.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

Ihavenotreadthebookcarefullyyet.

Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+have/has+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,

haven’t/hasn’t

+S?

S+have/has+not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,have/has

+S?

=S+haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,

have/has+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Youhavealreadytoldhimthegoodnews,haven’tyou?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Tomhasn’tlearnttodriveacaryet,hashe?

Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Have/Has+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Haveyoutoldhimthenewsyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

HasMaryfinishedherhomeworkyet?Yes,shehas./No,

shehasn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+have/has+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whathaveyoudonetomydog?

Whathavehappenedinourschoolinthepastfewyears?

②主系表結構的句子：表示到目前為止主語已經一直是什么、怎么樣、

在哪里多

長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+have/hasbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

Ihavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyears.

Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.

Myfatherhasbeenoutfortwohours.

TomhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.

Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+have/hasnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+

TP+TA.

=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for

+TP

+TA.

Ihaven’tbeenabigbrotherformanyyears.

Shehasn’tbeenwellforthreedays.

Myfatherhasn’tbeenhomefortwomonths.

Ihaven’tbeenthereforalongtime.

c.反意疑問句式：

S+have/hasbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,haven’t/hasn’t+

S?

S+have/hasnotbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has+

S?

=S+haven’t/hasn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,have/has

+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Youhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyears,haven’tyou?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Shehasn’tbeeninChinaforalongtime,hasshe?

Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Have/Has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP

+TA?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

HaveyoubeeninChinafortwentyyears?

Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.

Hasyourmotherbeenanurfortwenty-fiveyears?

Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/Howhave/has+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+

for

+TP+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whohasbeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyears?

HowmanyyearshasTombeeninChina?

③Therebe結構的句子：表示到目前為止什么地方已經有過什么或有

什么多長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA.

TherehavebeengreatchangesinChinasince1978.

TherehasbeenabridgeovertheriversincetheTangDynasty.

Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinonemonth.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA.

=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.

Therehasn’tbeenasingledaywhenIdon’tthinkofyousince

youleft.

Therehasn’tbeenmuchprogressinyourEnglishinthepast

fewyears.

Therehaven’tbeenmanybooksonthattopicsince2000.

c.反義疑問句式：

Therehave/hasbeen+S+LA+TA,haven’t/hasn’tthere?

Therehave/hasnotbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?

=Therehaven’t/hasn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,have/hasthere?

Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.

Therehasbeenanaccident,hasn'tthere?

Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.

Therehaven’tbeenanychangesinthiscity,havethere?

Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Have/Hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therehave/has./No,therehaven’t/hasn’t.

HastherebeenawomanpresidentinAmericanhistory?

Yes,therehas./No,therehasn’t.

Havetherebeenalotofchangesinyourcityinthepastfew

years?

Yes,therehave./No,therehaven’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+have/hastherebeen+S+LA+TA?

HowmanyUSPresidentshavetherebeeninhistory?

Therehavebeen44menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof

2015.

Howmanymoonlandingshavetherebeeninhumanhistory?

Therehavebeenfourmoonlandingsinhumanhistory.

10.過去完成時：

常用的時間狀語有：

bytheendoflastyear/month/week;

when/before+S+V-ed+O+LA+TA;

before2000;

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示在過去某一時間之前主語已經做過某事或某

事已經發生。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA.

Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomeworkwhenmymothergot

home.

Tomhadlearnt3000Englishwordsbytheendoflast

month.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

IhadneverenaforeignerbeforeIleftmyhometownfor

university.

Shehadn’tcookeddinneryetwhenherhusbandgothome.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+had+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,hadn’t+S?

S+had+never/not+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+

S?

=S+hadn’t+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,had+S?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Youhadalreadyenhimbeforetheparty,hadn’tyou?

Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn’t.

Tomhadn’tlearntChinebeforecomingtoChina,hadhe?

Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.

c.一般疑問句式：

Had+S+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Hadtheplaystartedwhenyougottothecinema?

Hadtheyleftwhenyougottotheparty?

d.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+had+S+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whathadhappenedwhenyougotthere?

Whohadalreadyleftwhenwegottotheparty?

②主系表結構的句子：表示在過去的某個時間之前主語已經一直是什

么、怎么樣、在哪里多長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+hadbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA.

IhadbeenateacherinthisschoolfornineyearswhenI

resigned.

Hehadbeenillfortwoyearsbeforehedied.

Hehadbeeninthecountysidefortwentyyearsbeforeheleft

forShenzhen.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+hadnotbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

=S+hadn’tbeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

Hehadn’tbeenwellforalongtimebeforehewasntto

hospital.

Hehadn’tbeenintouchwithusfortwentyyearsbeforethe

reunion.

c.反意疑問句式：

S+hadbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,hadn’t+S?

S+hadnever/notbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?

=S+hadn’tbeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,had+S?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Shehadbeenillforfiveyearsbeforehedied,hadn’tshe?

Yes,shehad./No,shehadn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Had+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA?

Yes,S+had./No,S+hadn’t.

Hadtheybeeninloveforfiveyearsbeforetheygotmarried?

Yes,theyhad./No,theyhadn’t.

Hadyourfatherbeenanengineerfortenyearsbeforehetup

hisownfactory?

Yes,hehad./No,shehadn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/Howhad+S+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for

+TP+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whohadbeeninthelibrarybeforethemurderhappened?

Howmanyyearshadyoubeenateacherbeforeyouresigned?

③Therebe結構的句子：表示在過去某個時間之前，什么地方已經有

過什么或有什么多長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA.

Therehadbeenagreatstormbeforetheearthquake.

Therehadbeenanancientbridgeovertheriverbefore

liberation.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

Therehad+never/notbeen+S+LA+TA.

=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA.

TherehadneverbeenasingledaywhenIdidn’tstudyhard

beforeIwenttocollege.

Therehadn’tbeenmuchprogressinhisEnglishbeforehe

cametoCool&QuickEducationCenter.

Therehadn’tbeenanybooksonthattopicbefore2000.

c.反義疑問句式：

Therehadbeen+S+LA+TA,hadn’tthere?

Therehadnever/notbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?

=Therehadn’tbeen+S+LA+TA,hadthere?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

Therehadn’tbeenanychangesinthiscitybefore2000,had

there?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

HadtherebeenablackpresidentinAmericabefore2008?

No,therehadn’sthefirstblackpersontohavebeen

electedUSPresident

HadtherebeenalotofchangesinyourcitybeforeJackWood

becameMayor?

Yes,therehad./No,therehadn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+hadtherebeen+S+LA+TA?

HowmanyUSPresidentshadtherebeenasof2008?

Therehadbeen43menwhorvedasUSPresidentasof

2008.

Howmanymoonlandingshadtherebeenbefore2000?

Therehadbeenfourmoonlandingsbefore2000.

11.將來完成時：

常用的時間狀語有：

bytheendofthisyear/month/week;

bythetime+S+V+O+LA+TA;

when/before+S+V+O+LA+TA;

by+將來的一個時間;

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示到將來某一時間之前主語已經做過某事或某

事已經發

生。

a.陳述句肯定句式：

S+shall/willhave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.

I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday

Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.

MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.

BynextNovember,Iwillhavereceivedmypromotion.

YouaregoingtohaveperfectedyourEnglishbythetimeyou

comebackfromtheU.S.

Bythetimehegetshome,sheisgoingtohavecleanedthe

entirehou.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.

Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.

Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.

Iamnotgoingtohavefinishedthistestby3o'clock.

c.反義疑問句式：

S+willhave+(already)+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA,won’t+

S?

S+willnothave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?

=S+won’thave+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet,will+S?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,

aren’t/isn’t+S?

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA,

am/isare+S?

Youwillhavealreadyfinishedyourhomeworkbythreeo’clock,

won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Tomwon’thavearrivedyetwhenwegetthere,willhe?

Yes,hewill./No,hewon’t.

Youaregoingtohavevisitedmorethanonehundredcountries

bytheendofthisyear,aren’tyou?

Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.

e.一般疑問句式：

Will+S+have+P.P.+O+LA+TA+yet?

Yes,S+have/has./No,S+haven’t/hasn’t.

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

WillshehavelearnedenoughChinetocommunicatebefore

shemovestoBeijing?

Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.

IsSusangoingtohavehadmybookforaweekbyMonday?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

f.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+will+S+have/has+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA?

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohave+P.P.+O+MA+

LA+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whatwillyouhavedonebythetimeyourparentsgethome?

Howmanycountriesareyougoingtohavevisitedbythetime

youturn50?

②主系表結構的句子：表示到將來的一個時刻為止，主語已經一直是什

么、怎么樣、在哪里多長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S+willhavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+

TA.

S+am/is/are+goingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+

LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheend

ofthisyear.

HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.

Mymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsby

nextMay.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+willnothavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP

+TA.

=S+won’thavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP

+TA.

S+am/is/arenotgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)

+LA+for+TP+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohavebeen+P(n,adj,adv,

介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillnothavebeenaworkerfortwoyearsbytheendofthis

year.

MyfatherisnotgoingtohavebeeninBeijingforthreeweeks

bytheendofthisweek.

c.反意疑問句式：

S+willhavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,won’t+S?

S+willnothavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?

=S+won’thavebeen+P+LA+for+TP+TA,will+S?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

Youwillhavebeenabusinessmanforfiveyearsbytheendof

thisyear,won’tyou?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Sheisn’tgoingtohavebeenwellforthreemonthsbytheendof

July,isshe?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

d.一般疑問句式：

Will+S+have+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP

+TA?

Yes,S+will./No,S+won’t.

Am/Is/Are+S+goingtohave+been+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)

+LA+for+TP+TA?

Yes,S+am/is/are./No,S+amnot/isn’t/aren’t.

WillyouhavebeeninChinafortwentyyearsbythenendofthis

year?

Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.

Isyourmothergoingtohavebeenanurfortwenty-fiveyears

bynextmonth?

Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.

e.特殊疑問句式：

Wh-/How+will+S+havebeen+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA

+for

+TP+TA?

Wh-/How+am/is/are+S+goingtohavebeen+P(n,

adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA?

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

Whowillhavebeenaworkerinthisfactoryforthirtyyearsby

theendofthisyear?

HowmanyyearsisTomgoingtohavebeeninChinabynext

December?

12.過去將來完成時：

①主謂賓結構的句子：表示從過某個時間來看，到將來某一時間之前主

語已經做過某事或某事已經發生：

a.陳述句肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA+

TA.

HetoldmethathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthat

year.

Shetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyears

bythatJune.

b.一般疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+whether/if+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+

LA+TA.

HeaskedmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabythe

endofthatyear.

IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.

c.特殊疑問句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S2+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA

+TA.

(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

HeaskedmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheendof

thatyear?

HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.

②主系表結構的句子：表示從過去某個時間來看，到將來的一個時刻

為止，主語已經一直是什么、怎么樣、在哪里多長時間了。

a.陳述句的肯定句式：

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+wouldhavebeen+P(n,

adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA.

S1+V-ed+(O)+that+S2+was/were+goingtohavebeen

+P(n,adj,adv,介詞短語)+LA+for+TP+TA.

Iwillhavebeenateacherinthisschoolforfiveyearsbytheend

ofthisyear.

HewillhavebeendeadfortwomonthbyJune8.

Mymotherisgoingtohavebeenanurfortwentyyearsby

nextMay.

S+am/is/aregoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

She'llhavevisitedtencountriesbythetimeshegetsback.

I'llhavefinishedthisprojectbyFriday

Tomwillhavealreadyleftwhenwegetthere.

MarywillhaveleftforAmericabytheendofthisyear.

BynextNovember,Iwillhavereceivedmypromotion.

YouaregoingtohaveperfectedyourEnglishbythetimeyou

comebackfromtheU.S.

Bythetimehegetshome,sheisgoingtohavecleanedthe

entirehou.

b.陳述句的否定句式：

S+willnot+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

=S+won’t+have+P.P.+O+MA+LA+TA+yet.

S+am/is/are+not+goingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

=S+amnot/isn’t/aren’tgoingtohave+P.P.+O+LA+TA.

Marywon’thavefinishedherhomeworkyetwhenwegethome.

Ihopetheywon’thaveleftbythetimewegetthere.

Thefilmwillnothavebegunwhenwegettothecinema.

Iamnotgoingtohavefinishedthistestby3o'clock.

F.陳述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O+LA

+TA.

methathewouldhaveleftChinabytheendofthat

year.

Shetoldmethatshewouldhavebeenmarriedfortenyears

bythatJune.

G.一般疑問句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O

+LA+TA.

dmewhetherIwouldhavegonetoAmericabythe

endofthatyear.

IwantedtoknowwhetherhewouldhaveretiredbythatJuly.

H.特殊疑問句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+P.P.+O

+LA+TA.(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenmarriedbytheend

ofthatyear?

HeaskedmewhereIwouldhavegonebythatJuly.

13.現在完成進行時：表示一個動作從過去的某個時間開始一直持續到現在，已

經有多長時間了：

a)陳述句式：S+have/hasbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

eenteachingEnglishfortenyearsinthisschool.

Shehasbeenplayingthepianofortwohours.

b)一般疑問句式：Have/Has+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA

+TA?

eybeenplayingbasketballfortwohours?

HasshebeenlearningEnglishfortenyears?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+V-ing+O+for

+TP+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

beenlearningEnglishfortenyears?

Howlonghavetheybeenplayingbasketball?

14.過去完成進行時：表示一個動作從過去的某個時間開始一直持續到過去的另

外一個時間，已經有多長時間了：

a)陳述句式：S+hadbeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

beenplayingthepianofortwohourswhenher

mothercamehome.

Ihadbeenwaitingfortwohourswhenhecame.

b)一般疑問句式：Had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA?

beenwaitingforalongtimewhenhecame?

Hadtheybeenplayingbasketballfortwohourswhenoneof

themgothurt.

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+V-ing+O+for+TP

+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

beenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendof

lastyear?

Howlonghadyoubeenplayingthepianowhenyourmother

camehome?

15.將來完成進行時：表示到將來的某個時間主語就已經一直做某事多長時間

了：

a)陳述句式：S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

avebeenlearningEnglishfortenyearsbytheendof

thisyear.

Theywillhavebeenworkinginthisschoolforfiveyearsby

nextJune.

b)一般疑問句式：Will+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O+for+TP

+LA+TA?

uhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?

Willtheyhavebeenlivinghereforthreeyearsbytheendof

thisyear?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+wll+S+willhavebeen+V-ing+O

+for+TP+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

gwillyouhavebeenlearningEnglishbytheendof

thisyear?

Whowillhavebeenplayingfootballfortwohoursby4o’clock?

16.過去將來完成進行時：表示從過某個時間來看，到將來的某個時間主語就已

經一直做某事多長時間了：

a)陳述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhavebeen+V-ing+O

+for+TP+LA+TA.

methathewouldhavebeenworkinginXi’anforthree

yearsbytheendofthatyear.

Hesaidthathisfatherwouldhavebeenteachinginthe

schoolforthirtyyearsbytheendofthatyear.

b)一般疑問句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhavebeen

+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

dmewhetherIwouldhavebeenwaitingfortwohour

by10o’clock.

ShewantedtoknowwhetherIwouldhavebeenlearning

Englishfortenyearsbytheendofthatyear.

c)特殊疑問句：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhavebeen

+V-ing+O+for+TP+LA+TA.

dmehowlongIwouldhavebeenlearningEnglishby

theendofthatyear.

Hewantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeenworkinginthe

factoryfor30yearsbytheendofthatDecember.

十種被動語態：

被動語態是相對于主動語態而言的。主動語態是指動作的發出者作主語的

句子;被動語態是指動作的承受著作主語的句子。即被動語態中的主語就是主動

語態中的賓語。

什么時候使用被動語態？

1、當不知道動作的發出者時；

2、為了強調動作的承受者時。

字母符號的定義：S主語、V動詞原形、V-ing現在分詞、V-ed過去式、P.P.過

去分詞、O賓語、P表語、A定語、LA地點狀語、TA時間狀語、OA其他狀

語、TP時間段、Doer動作發出者。

1.一般現在時：表示某人或某物經常或習慣于被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+is/are/am+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

llisplayedallovertheworld.

EnglishistaughtinallthemiddleschoolsinChina.

b)一般疑問句式：Is/Are/Am+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA？

putersudinyourEnglishteaching?

IsTomoftenlaughedatbyhisclassmates?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+is/are/am+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

ftenpunishedbyyourteacher?

Whatforeignlanguageistaughtinyourschool?

2.一般過去時：表示在過去某個時間某人或某物被怎么樣了：

a)陳述句式：S+was/were+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

ttenbyadogintheparkyesterday.

TheDepartmentStorewasburntdownlastnight.

b)一般疑問句式：Was/Were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

punishedbyhisfatherlastevening?

Wereyoucaughtpickingflowersinthegardenlastweek?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

caughtstealingbooksinthebookstoreyesterday?

BywhomwasTompunishedyesterday?

3.一般將來時：表示在將來某個時間某人或某物將被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+willbe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

S+am/is/aregoingtobe+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

ryschoolwillbetupinthesmallvillagenextyear.

Anotherbridgewillbebuiltovertheriversoon.

b)一般疑問句式：Will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

ewlibrarybebuiltinourschoolnextyear?

Willshebentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnext

term?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+will+S+be+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

lbentabroadtostudymedicinebyourschoolnext

term?

Wherewillanewlibrarybebuiltnextyear?

4.一般過去將來時：表示從過某個時間來看，在將來某個時間某人或某物將被

怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+V-ed+(O)+that+S+would+be+P.P.+by+Doer

+LA+TA.

methathewouldbentabroadtostudymedicineby

ourschoolthenextyear.

Theheadmastertoldusthatanewforeignteacherwouldbe

hiredtoteachinourschoolthenextterm.

b)一般疑問句式：S+V+(O)+whether/if+S+would+be+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA.

dmewhetherTomwouldbentabroadbyour

schoolthenextyear.

Marywantedtoknowwhetherthesportsmeetwouldbeheld

thenextmonth.

c)特殊疑問句式：S+V-ed+(O)+wh-/how+S+would+be+P.P.+

by

+Doer+LA+TA.

dentswantedtoknowwhowouldbechontoattend

themeetingthenextweek.

Theyaskedmewhenthepartywouldbeheldinhonorofthe

newstudent.

5.現在進行時：表示此時此刻或當前一段時間某人或某物正在被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+is/are/am+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

eisbeingbuiltovertheriverbytheconstructionfirm

now.

Mybikeisbeingrepairedbythetechniciannow.

b)一般疑問句式：Is/Are/Am+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

librarybeingbuiltinyourschoolnow?

Aretheybeingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+is/are/am+S+being+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

eingpunishedbyyourhead-teachernow?

Whatisbeingbuiltinyourschool?

6.過去進行時：表示過去某一時刻或一段時間某人或某物正在被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+was/were+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

dgewasbeingbuiltbytheconstructionfirmatthistime

lastyear.

Mybikewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.

b)一般疑問句式：Was/Were+S+being+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

rhoubeingdecoratedatthistimelastyear.

WasTombeingpunishedbyhisfatherwhenyouwenttoe

himyesterday?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+was/were+S+being+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

beingpunishedbyourteacheratthistimeyesterday?

Wherewasanewlibrarybeingbuiltatthistimelastyear?

7.現在完成時：表示到目前為止某人或某物已經被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+have/has+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

hasbeensoldbyitsowner.

Hisnewnovelhasbeenpublishedbyafamouspublisher.

b)一般疑問句式：Have/Has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

rmotherbeentoldthenews?

Havetheybeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyyourschool?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+have/has+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer

+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

ebeenntabroadtostudyphysicsbyourschool?

Whonovelhasbeenpublishedbythefamouspublisher?

8.過去完成時：表示在過去某一時間之前某人或某物已經被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+had+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

nstadiumforthe2008BeijingOlympicshadbeen

completedbytheendof2007.

Manyofhispoemshadbeenpublishedbeforehegraduated

fromuniversity.

b)一般疑問句式：Had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA?

firebeenputoutbeforethefiremenarrived?

Hadtheybeentoldthenewsbeforeitwasofficiallyannounced?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+had+S+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

dbeendonebeforethefiremenarrived?

Whohadbeencaughtbeforethepolicemanarrived?

9.將來完成時：表示到將來的某一時間之前某人或某物已經被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+willhave+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

rschoolwillhavebeentupinthevillagebytheend

ofnextyear.

TheywillhavebeenntabroadtolearnEnglishbyourschool

bynextJuly.

b)一般疑問句式：Will+S+have+been+P.P.+by+Doer+LA

+TA?

ewlibraryhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendof

nextyear?

WillyouhavebeennttoAmericabyyourparentsbynext

June?

c)特殊疑問句式：Wh-/How+will+S+have+been+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA?(提問哪部分就去掉哪部)

llhavebeenbuiltinourschoolbytheendofnextyear?

HowmanystudentswillhavebeennttoBritainbyyour

schoolbytheendofnextyear?

10.過去將來完成時：表示從過某個時間來看，到將來的某一時間之前某人或

某物已經被怎么樣：

a)陳述句式：S+V+(O)+that+S+wouldhave+been+P.P.+by

+Doer+LA+TA.

methathewouldhavebeenntabroadbyhis

parentsbytheendofthatyear.

Iwastoldthatanewlibrarywouldhavebeenbuiltinour

schoolbytheendofthatyear.

b)一般疑問句式：S+V+(O)+whether+S+wouldhave+been

+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

dmewhetheranewbridgewouldhavebeenbuilt

overtheriverbytheendofthenextyear.

Hewantedtoknowwhethermorestudentswouldhavebeen

ntabroadbyourschoolbythenextAugust.

c)特殊疑問句式：S+V+(O)+wh-/how+S+wouldhave+been

+P.P.+by+Doer+LA+TA.

kedmewhatwouldhavebeenbuiltinourtownbythe

endofthatyear.

Theywantedtoknowwhowouldhavebeennttostudyin

thatuniversitybytheendofthenextJuly.

被動語態的特例：

1.漢語有一類句子不出現主語，在英語中可用被動語態表示：

idthat…據說……

Itisreportedthat…據報道……

Itissuppodthat…據推測……

Itishopedthat…希望……

Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…普遍認為……

Itissuggestedthat…有人建議……

……

idthatheisfamousinhisowncountry.

ItisreportedthatPresidentHuwillvisittheUSAsoon.

ItishopedthatshecanbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.

ItiswellknownthatJackChenisafamousactionactor.

Itissuggestedthatwe(should)haveapartyonthisweekend.

2.主動形式表示被動的意義：

a)“表示事物形態特征的系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,

em,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容詞/

名詞”構成系表結構：

wersmellssweet.

Thefoodhasgonebad.

Theclothfeelssoft.

Shefellilllastevening.

Thesongsoundsbeautiful.

b)表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞，如：read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,

drive,ll,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink

等：

writessmoothly.

Hisbookllswell.

Themachinerunswell.

Theclotheswasheasily.

Thedoorlockshard.

c)表示開始、結束、運動的動詞，如：begin,finish,start,open,clo,stop,

end,shut,run,move等：

lishclassfinishedearlytoday.

Thestoreopensat8o’clockinthemorning.

Thefactoryisclosingdown.

Thefilmstartssoon.

d)Need,want,require,worth常用主動語態表示被動語態的意思：

句式結構：S+need/want/require+V-ing

=S+need/want/require+tobe+P.P.

S+is/are+worth+V-ing.

ntsneedwatering.=Theplantsneedtobewatered.

Myshoeswantwashing.=Myshoeswanttobewashed.

Yourbikerequiresrepairing.=Yourbikerequirestobe

repaired.

Thefilmiswortheingtwice.

Thenovelisnotworthreading.

e)“介詞in,on,under,beyond等+名詞”構成介詞短語表示被動意義，

名詞前通常無冠詞。如：undercontrol,underrepair,underdiscussion,

underconstruction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondour

hope,forsale,inprint,insight,onshow,ontrial,outofsight,outof

fashion等：

isunderrepair.

Hisnewnovelisonsalenow.

Yoursuggestionisunderdiscussionnow.

f)有些形容詞后的動詞不定式有被動的含義。

句型為：S+be+adj.(easy/hard/difficult/heavy/light

/comfortable/fit/dangerous+to+V+O.

kishardtodo.

Englishisinterestingtolearn.

Sheisdifficulttogetalongwith.

g)在too…to…和enoughtodo結構中，主動句式表被動：

kistooheavytopick.

Thestoryisnotinterestingenoughtopublish.

Thepigisheavyenoughtoll.

h)在“S+have/has+n+to+V”句型中，主動句式表被動：

uchhomeworktodotoday.

Hehasabigfamilytosupport.

+P.P.結構的用法：

a)表示突然、偶然、意外發生的事：

urtwhileplayingfootball.

Mywalletgotstolenyesterday.

b)表示反身行為而不是被動：

enotimetogetchanged.

I’vegottogetdresdbeforetheycome.

c)表示強調：

getinvitedtoherwedding?

Didshegetfiredforleakingthebusinesscretofthe

company?

高考英語動詞時態陷阱題總結歸納

1.“I_____histelephonenumber.”“Ihavehisnumber,butI____tobringmy

phonebook.”

,,forgot

,,forget

2.—Oh,I______wherehelives.

—Don’tyoucarryyouraddressbook？

—No,I______tobringit.

,,forgot

,,forget

pedtoeheroffatthestation,butI_____toobusy.

n

avebeen

opedtocatchthe10：20train,but_____itwasgone.

nd

avefound

opedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyou_____.

’’tC.

needn’othave

antedtocometoehim,butwe____notime.

avehad

pectedtocomeovertoeyoulastnight,butsomeone______and

Icouldn’tgetaway.

led

avecalled

fficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver

_______reallycareless.

n

！Just_____atthetime！I_____noideaitwassolate.

,g,,g,have

10.“Yourphonenumberagain？I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s4331577”

’’’’t

11.“MrSmithisn’tcomingtonight.”“Buthe_____.”

mid

12.“Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing！”“Oh,I’mterriblysorry._____.”

A.I’’tnoticing

’’tnotice

13.“Ohit’syou！I________you.”“I’vehadmyhaircut.”

’’trealizedC.

didn’’trecognized

14.“What’shernewtelephonenumber？”“Oh,I_____.”

etting

15.“Sinceyou’veagreedtogo,whyaren’tyougettingready？”“ButI

______thatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.”

’’’’trealized

16.“It’stwelveo’clock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.”“Oh,really？I______itat

all.”

’’trealized

’’trealized

h______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhe

hasfinishedit.

ting

_______notwhathe_______.

,,,,is

19.“Whatplaceisit？”“Haven’tyoufoundoutwe_____backwherewe

______？”

,en,areC.

are,,hadbeen

’tknowifhe_____ornottomorrow.

ng

’tknowifshe_____,butifshe____Iwillletyouknow.

,me,willcome

,me,comes

22.“When_____hecome？”“Idon’tknow,butwhenhe_____,I’lltellyou.”

,,willcome

,,comes

23.“Whenhe_____isnotknownyet.”“Butwhenhe____,hewillbewarmly

welcomed.”

,me,willcome

,me,comes

dge,which_____1688,needsrepairing.

rom

25.“You’veleftthelighton.”“Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.”

A.I’llgoB.I’.I’mgoing

thatlittleboywanderingabout—perhapshe_____hismother.

t

’sgoodthatwe_____totheparkbecauit’sstartedtorain.

’’’’tgoing

3.I_____forfiveminutes；whydon’ttheycome？

en

calling

_____yourturnsoyou’llhavetowait.

d

_____tomovebutarestillconsideringwheretogoto.

ided

ypenonthedeskandnowit’sgone；who_____it？

en

n’tbuyanynewclothesbecauthey_____moneytobuyanew

car.

ing

8.I_____yourlastpoint—couldyousayitagain？

’’tquitecatch

’’tquitecatch

’llneverguesswhoImettoday—myoldteacher！We_____for20

years.

’’’’tmeet

ureI_____herbeforesomewhere.

eet

ven’tarrivedyetbutwe_____thematanymoment.

pect

youmustbemistakenabouteinghimatthetheatre；I’msurehe

_____abroadallweek.

n

dents_______busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe

_______intheoffice.

tten,iting,hasleft

tten,iting,hadleft

tophoneher,butevenasI_____shewasleavingthebuilding.

ning

15.“Isuppoyou_____thatreportyet？”“Ifinishedityesterday,asamatter

offact.”

’’tfinished

’’tfinishing

16.—Didn’ttheguardehimbreakingintothebank？

—No,he_______intheotherdirection.

ing

youpossiblymissthenews？It_______onTValldaylong.

18.“Ithoughtyoumighthavegotdrunk.”“Yes,I______.”

ave

______dosomethingmoreactive？

ayswatching

waysbeenwatching

20.“eallyhard.”“______alot？”

study

tudy

21.“What’syouropiniononthematter,plea？”“Oh,sorry,I_______.”

’’tlistened

’’tlistened

22.“Aha,you’reachainsmoker！”“_______thatbut

you.”

overing

ephone_______threetimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit

________formyfather.

g;g;was

;nringing;is

eftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho______him,but

failed.

old

rrivedatthecompany,themanager______,sowehadonlytime

forafewwords.

eaway

tgoneaway

26.“Johntookaphotographofyoujustnow.”“Oh,really？I______.”

’’tknowing

’’tknown

27.“Mikeisnotcomingtothefootballgamethisafternoon.”“It’sashame！He

_______！”

mid

_______abathjustnow.

29.“WasAndrewtherewhenyouarrived？”“Yes,buthe______homesoon

afterwards.”

30.“WhereisMother.”“_______thehouworkall

morning.”

ndoing

ks,________thedictionaries,mustbeputbackwherethey

________.

ed;ude;ing;ing;are

高考英語被動語態陷阱題總結歸納

1.“Doyoulikethematerial？”“Yes,it_____verysoft.”

ehead_____hot.I’mafraidsheisill.

_____verybeautiful.

h_____nice,butthemilk_____sour.

t,t,smellsC.

smells,,smells

ryofhislife_____interesting.

ngry_____thathe_____atall.

,didn’,didn’tsatisfy

,wasn’,wasn’tsatisfied

sident_____acoolreceptionwhenhevisitedLondon.

ngiven

yinthemorning_____tobeasignofbadweather.

otherealoneafterdarkyoumightget_____.

ingandrobbing

tackedandrobbed

antedtoknowwaswhenandwherethemeeting______.

d

eheld

icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.

ngdeveloped

veloped

12.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime______.

mitted

dents_____￡50ayeartocoverthecostofbooksandstationery.

edevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology_______tothe

fieldsofIT.

gintroduced

roduced

15.“Howaboutthedishes,Dear？”“Thebeefdidn’______

toolong.”

ncookedC.

ked

alittlenotebook,inwhich______thenamesandaddressofhis

friends.

itten

17.“Look！Everythinghereisunderconstruction.”“Whatisthesmallbuilding

that______for？”

nbuilt

gbuilt

dsofjobs_______ifthefactoryclos.

yinthemorning______tobeasignofbadweather.

icinesandinstruments______everydaytoextendlife.

ngdevelopedC.

veloped

動詞用法與辨析

anttollyourproductyoumust_____it.

ito

erhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducation

youhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.

n

3.I_____youyesterday,butyouweren’tin.

rofherparentswantedherto_____hercousin.

or

I_____you,？

tfor

ingtotherules,studentsmustnot______theirbooksduring

examinations.

7.“ogowithyouthistime.”“Butdoesyourmother

_____youtogo？”

e

_______tomakeheart-feltapologiessoonwewillhavetobringan

actionagainstthem.

ntwocars,notto_____amotorbike.

n

10.“Doyourparentsagreetoyourdoingthat？”“Yes,,they

always______metotrysomethingnew.”

age

yveryonehopesto______goodeducationsoastogetagood

jobinthefuture.

ea

gdarkglasscan_______youreyesfromthesun.

t

asingreatneedofmoney,sohe____$2000forhiscar.

remanykinds_____,butIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.

osing

15.“outyou？”

“Well,few______,I’dsay.”

from

16.“I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.”“Well,wehaveveralmodels___.”

from

17.I_____himnottogoabroad,buthewouldn’tlisten.

opersuadeC.

suaded

ecameveraldayslater,shefoundthatallthingsstill_______

whereshehad_______them.

;;;;lain

s_____50eggslastweek,butthisweektheyaren’t_____.

,,,,lying

l______ontheground_____tomethathad_____thepuron

thedesk.

,lay,,lied,,lied,,lied,lain

_____avisittothefactoryandwaswarmly_____bytheworkers

there.

,,welcomedC.

paid,,welcomed

saidthatthefishhismothercookedtasted______.

ll

◆精編陷阱題訓練◆

’resobusythatnooneintheofficecan_____foranyotherwork.

ed

rdsthatbook_____oneoftheworstthathe’s_____read.

,,,,never

3.“Didyougetajob？”“No,I______,butit’snou.”

d

4.“DoyouknowthatJack______apostmanforaboutsixyears？”“Yes,I

e.”

n

ngthat______isnotwhetheryoufailornot,butwhetheryoutryor

not.

’dandblackcoloursthat______mevery

well.

7.“Willanotherfiftybeenough？”“Justtwentywill______.”

e,MrCarter—mycretarywill_____youtothedoor.

ndofcancercanbecured,provideditis______early.

n’tenoughbooksforeveryone;someofyouwillhaveto_____.

dhertomarryhimandshe_____him.

tfearswere_____whenIsawwhattheexamquestionswere.

ed

nlooksgoodonpaper,butwillit_____？

’sthematterwiththeradio？Whyisn’tit_____？

ng

employment_____thegovernmentbillionsofpoundsinlosttaxes.

’shardtorescuedrowningpeoplebecauthey_____somuch.

le

ttothestationtomeetherhusband,but_____himinthecrowd.

dwhatwashappeningbecauIwasn’t______verycloly.

ng

endmeapound,itwill_____mehavingtogotothebank.

’t_______yourbreathtryingtopersuadethem;they’llneverlisten.

pentlittletimeonhislessonsthisterm,sohe_____tofailthe

exam.

es

never______anythingifhedoesn’tworkhard.

d

四、名詞性從句（主語、賓語、表語及同位語從句）

從句的概念：包含有完整的主謂賓、主系表或therebe結構的句子在復合句中

充當某一句子成分時被稱作從句。充當什么成分就稱作什么從句。

1.主語從句：在復合句中充當主語的從句.

a)陳述句變為主語從句：在陳述句前加上無意義的引導詞that：

句式結構：That+陳述句+V+O+LA+TA.

ealotofmistakesintheexam.(陳述句)

Thatshemadealotofmistakesintheexammakesour

teacherangry.

TomisfromEngland.(陳述句)

ThatTomisfromEnglandisknowntousall.

Therewasonceatreeintheyard.(陳述句)

Thattherewasonceatreeintheyardistrue.

b)一般疑問句變為主語從句：將一般疑問句變為whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式。

句式結構：Whether/If+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.

haveapartytomorrow?(一般疑問句)

Whetherwewillhaveapartytomorrowhasnotbeen

decidedyet.

Isshesatisfiedwiththeresult?(一般疑問句)

Whethersheissatisfiedwiththeresultisnotkwonyet.

Wasthereonceatemple?(一般疑問句)

WhethertherewasonceatempleiswhatIwanttoknow.

c)特殊疑問句變為主語從句：將特殊疑問句的句式變為陳述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式結構：Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O.

llshegotoBeijing?(特殊疑問句)

WhenshewillgotoBeijinghasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whatdidhedoyesterday?(特殊疑問句)

Whathedidyesterdaymadehisteacherangry.

HowcanyoulearnEnglishsowell?(特殊疑問句)

HowhecanlearnEnglishsowellinterestsusall.

用it作形式主語的主語從句句式結構：

1．Itis+名詞+that從句：常用名詞有：regret,question,no

wonder,pity,news,honor,fact,duty,等：

itythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

ItisnowondershecanspeaksogoodEnglish.

ItisafactthatshehasgonetoAmerica.

+is+adj.+that從句：常用的形容詞有：important,possible,

impossible,necessary,anxious,natural,strange等：

turalthatamother(should)loveherchildren.

Itisimportantthatwe(should)masterEnglish.

Itisnecessarythattheriver(should)beprotectedfrom

pollution.

+不及物動詞+that從句：

如：Itemsthat……似乎……

Ithappenedthat……碰巧……

sthattheyhaveknoweachotherforalongtime.

IthappenedthatIhadnomoneyonmethatday.

+P.P.+that從句：

如：Itisreportedthat……

Itissaidthat……

Itispredictedthat……

portedthatJayChowwillcometoourschoolnext

Wednesday.

ItissaidthatwewillhaveanexamonFridayafternoon.

Itispredictedthatourteamwillwinthegame.

n’tmatterhow/whether……:

n’tmatterhowyouwillrealizeyourdream.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.

Itdoesn’tmatterwhenyoucanfinishthework.

2.賓語從句：在復合句中充當賓語的從句：

a)陳述句變為賓語從句：在陳述句前加上無意義的引導詞that（that

可省略）：

句式結構：S+V+that+陳述句.

splayingthepiano.(陳述句)

Iknowthatheplaysthepianowell.

TomwenttoBeijingyesterday.(陳述句)

HesaysthatTomwenttoBeijingyesterday.

TherearefiveforeignstudentsinClass5.(陳述句)

Theteachertoldusthattherearefiveforeignstudentsin

Class5.

b)一般疑問句變為賓語從句：將一般疑問句變為whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句式結構：S+V+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.

happytoday?(一般疑問句)

Heaskedwhetheryouarehappytoday.

Willyouhaveapartytomorrowevening?(一般疑問句)

Tomaskedwhetheryouwillhaveapartytomorrowevening.

Didyougotothecinemalastevening?(一般疑問句)

Hewantstoknowwhetheryouwenttothecinemalast

evening.

Wasthereatempleinthevillagetenyearsago?

Iwanttoknowwhethertherewasatempleinthevillage

tenyearsago.

c)特殊疑問句變為賓語從句：將特殊疑問句的句式變為陳述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式結構：S+V+Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

dhetellyoujustnow?(特殊疑問句)

Couldyoutellmewhathetoldyoujustnow.

Wherehasshegone?(特殊疑問句)

Tomwantstoknowwhereshehasgone.

Whenwillyoubeback?(特殊疑問句)

Shewantstoknowwhenyouwillbeback.

3.表語從句：在復合句中充當表語的從句：

a)陳述句變為表語從句：在陳述句前加上無意義的引導詞that：

句式結構：S+LV+that+陳述句.

tothecinemalastevening.(陳述句)

Whathetoldmeisthathewenttothecinemalastevening.

Therewasaforeignstudentinhisclasslastterm.(陳述句)

Whathesaidisthattherewasaforeignstudentinhis

classlastterm.

b)一般疑問句變為表語從句：將一般疑問句變為whether/if+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句式結構：S+LV+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA.

oodatEnglish?(一般疑問句)

WhatIwanttoknowiswhethersheisgoodatEnglish.

Willyougototheparkthisafternoon?(一般疑問句)

Whatshewantstoknowiswhetheryouwillgotothepark

thisafternoon.

c)特殊疑問句變為表語從句：將特殊疑問句的句式變為陳述句式，即：

Wh-/How+S+V+O+LA+TA.

句式結構：S+LV+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA.

Igettotherailwaystation?(特殊疑問句)

WhatIwanttoknowishowIcangettotherailwaystation.

Wheredidyoubuythisdictionary?(特殊疑問句)

Whatshewantstoknowiswhereyouboughtthisdictionary.

表語從句的基本句型：

1.S+be+that/wh-/how引導的表語從句：

blemisthatwehavenotenoughtimetodo

Thevillageiswherehewasborn..

Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetaskinsoshortatime.

2.S+連系動詞(look,em,spear,……)+that引導的表語從句：

sasifitisgoingtorain.

Itappearstomethattheyhaveallknowntheresult.

Itemsthathewillchangehismind.

Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.

son+is/was+that引導的表語從句，意思是：“原因

是……”：

’sonwasthathe

wasill.

/This/That+is/was+that從句，意思是：“這/那是因為……”：

’sbecauhewas

ill.

/This/That+is/was+why引導的表語從句，意思是：“這/那

是……的原因”：

=This/That+is/was+thereason+why引導的表語從句：

swhyhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

s

whyhewaslateforschool.

5.同位語從句：在復合句中充當同位語的從句：后跟同位語從句的常用名詞有：

news、fact、opinion、question、suggestion、order、idea等。

a)陳述句變為同位語從句：在陳述句前加上無意義的引導詞that：

句式結構：

1.同位語作主語時：N+that+陳述句+V+O+LA+TA.

sthatJayChouwillcometoourschoolisnottrue.

Thefactthathehaswonthefirstprizesurpridusall.

2.同位語作賓語時：S+V+N+that+陳述句.

receivedtheteacher’sorderthatweshouldclean

theclassroomatonce.

Weacceptedhissuggestionthatweshouldhaveaparty

on

theweekend.

b)一般疑問句變為同位語從句：將一般疑問句變為whether/if+S+V

+O+LA+TA的形式：

句式結構：

1.同位語作主語時：N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA+TA+V

+O+LA+TA.

stionwhetherwecanhaveapartyonthe

weekend

hasnotbeenansweredbyourhead-teacheryet.

2.同位語作賓語時：S+V+N+whether/if+S+V+O+LA

+TA.

cherhasn’tanswerourquestionwhetherwecan

haveapartyontheweekendyet.

c)特殊疑問句變為同位語從句：將特殊疑問句變為wh-/how+S+V+

O+LA+TA的形式：

句子結構：

1.同位語作主語時：N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA+TA+V+O

+LA+TA.

stionhowwecangettotherailwaystationwillbe

answeredsoon.

2.同位語作賓語時：S+V+N+wh-/how+S+V+O+LA

+TA.

oideawherehehasgone.

高考英語名詞性從句陷阱題總結歸納

soangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_______hesaidmeant.

at

_______hadhappenedhecouldnotcontinuetoworkthere.

tedto______lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”

4.“Is______youwanttosay？”askedtheteacher.

l

5.“When______leaveforJapan？”“When______leaveforJapaniskeptcret.”

ll,ey,theywill

ll,ey,willthey

owsif_______thatboy,butif_______him,herparentswillbedisappointed.

lmarry,ries,shemarries

lmarry,ries,shewillmarry

7.“Where_______gotowork？”“Where_______gotoworkisnotknown.”

l,e,shallwe

e,l,shallwe

ee______.

s

’tyouknow,mydearfriend,______itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves？

neknows,perhapxceptyou,_______yourgirl-friendisacheat.

,thoughIcouldbemistaken,______shelikedme.

methenews,believeitornot,______hehadearned$1000inasingleday.

e

◆精編陷阱題訓練◆

sttheirwayintheforest,and_______mademattersworwasthatnightbegantofall.

ceisakindofquality—andthatis______ittakestodoanythingwell.

ometomynotice_______someofyouhavemisdclass.

4.“Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice？”“___Iwaslastnight.”

ylifegiveshimpeaceandquiet,whichis______hecan’tenjoywhilelivinginbigcities.

ettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandoutthe

atmospheretoday.

7._______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestin

herlessons.

;;;;that

8._______wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.

r

haveheard_______thePresidenthassaid;theyarewaitingtoe_______hewill

do.

,,,,what

uanswerquestionsinajobinterview,plearememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgive

themonkeyexactly_______hewants.

ildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.

ver

12._______shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.

e

______cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor______comesinlate.

,,whoever

ver,,whoever

itheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.

’’swhy

’’sbecau

15.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

r

16._______medicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestion_______noteveryonecan

understandfully.

;;;;that

五、定語從句

什么是定語從句？在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。

與定語從句有關的概念

1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞；

2.引導詞：連接先行詞與定語從句的詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。

關系代詞：that、which、who、whom、who、as；

關系副詞：when、where、why。

3.限制性定語從句：定語從句與先行詞關系緊密、不可或缺，如果去掉會

影響整句意思的表達，先行詞與定語從句間不可用

逗號分開。

4.非限制性定語從句：定語從句與先行詞關系不十分緊密，只對現行做些

附加的說明，即使去掉也不影響整句意思的表達。

先行詞與定語從句常用逗號隔開，不能用that引導。

關系代詞的用法詳述：

引導的定語從句：【人、物、主、賓】

that引導的定語從句先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，既可以作從句中

動詞的主語，也可以作從句中動詞的賓語。(注：所有的包含定語從句

的復合句都是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句構成的)

先行詞作從句中動詞的賓語時，that可省略。

thatisstandingoverthereismyEnglishteacher.

（人、主）

→ThemanismyEnglishteacher.

Themanisstandingthere.

ThedogthatbitmeyesterdaybelongstoTom.(物、主)

→ThedogbelongstoTom.

Thedogbitmeyesterday.

Thegirl(that)youmetintheparkyesterdayismysister.(人、

賓)

→Thegirlismysister.

Youmetthegirlintheparkyesterday.

Thebook(that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(物、賓)

→Thebookisveryinteresting.

Iboughtthebookyesterday.

引導的定語從句：【物、主、賓】

which引導的定語從句先行詞只能是物，但既可以作從句中動詞的主

語，也可以作從句中動詞的賓語。

先行詞作從句中動詞的賓語時，which可省略。

tedsometreeswhichdonotneedmuchwater.(物、

主)

→Weplantedsometrees.

Thetreesdonotneedmuchwater.

Thefish(which)shegavemejustnowisnotfresh.(物、賓)

→Thefishisnotfresh.

Shegavemethefishjustnow.

which引導非限制性定語從句時，可以代替整個主句或主句的一部分內

容：

ughtanewhou,whichislocatedattheaside.

Thefilm,Hero,whichwasdirectedbyZhangYimou,wasa

success.

Hewasntencedtodeathlastweek,whichsurpridusall.

Ifailedintheexamagain,whichmadeourteacherveryangry.

引導的定語從句：【人、主】

who引導的定語從句先行詞只能是人，只可以作從句中動詞的主語。

eignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfrom

Canada.(人、主)

→TheforeignerisfromCanada.

Theforeignervisitedourschoolyesterday.

TheEnglishteacherwhotaughtmeforthreeyearshasgoneto

America.

→TheEnglishteacherhasgonetoAmerica.

TheEnglishteachertaughtmeforthreeyears.

引導的定語從句：【人、賓】

whom引導的定語從句先行詞只能是人，只可以作從句中動詞的賓語。

anwhommyfatheristalkingtoisourhead-teacher.

（人、賓）

→Thewomanisourhead-teacher.

Myfatheristalkingtothewoman.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoonetowhomshecouldturn

forhelp.(人、賓)

→Inthedarkstreet,therewasnoone.

Shecouldturntonooneforhelp.

引導的定語從句：【人、物、所屬】

who引導的定語從句先行詞既可以是人也可以是物，先行詞和

who之后的詞構成所屬關系。

anwhopurwasstolenbyathiefismyteacher.

(人、所屬)

→Thewomanismyteacher.

Thewoman’spurwasstolenbyathief.

Theroomwhowindowfacessouthismine.(物、所屬)

→Theroomismine.

Theroom’swindowfacessouth.

who=ofwhich/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of

which/whom

ughtaskirtwhocoloriswhite.

=Lilyboughtaskirtofwhichthecoloriswhite..

=Lilyboughtaskirtthecolorofwhichiswhite.

Thewomanwhodaughterwentabroadlastyearismy

teacher.

=Thewomanofwhomthedaughterwentabroadlastyearis

myteacher.

=Thewoman,thedaughterofwhomwentabroadlastyear,is

myteacher.

引導的定語從句：【人、物、賓、非限制性定語從句】

as可以直接引導非限制性定語從句，也可構成固定短語如：the

same…as…及such…as…。

lknow,Englishiswidelyudallovertheworld.(非限

制性定語從句,“正如……”)

AsIhavetoldyou,heisaliar.(非限制性定語從

句,“正如……”)

Suchpeopleasheknewhelpedhimalot.

I’llbuythesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.

as引導非限制性定語從句的用法：當謂語動詞是beannounced/

expected/known/imagined/pointedout/sad/reported/shown等被動形

式（表示“正如……”）或usuallyhappen,beoftentheca等表示主

語的習慣性或司空見慣之意時，常用as:

nnounced,ourwintervacationwillstartonJanuary27th.

Aswaxpected,ourteamwonthematch.

Asusuallyhappen,Tomislateagain.

Asisoftentheca,Mikewasfinedforspeedingagain.

關系副詞的用法詳述：

=介詞+which

當先行詞是表示時間的詞時，如果它作從句中動詞的賓語，引導詞用

關系代詞which或that或不填；如果它作從句中動詞的時間狀語，引

導詞則用關系副詞when或相應的介詞+which。

everforgetthedaywhich/that/不填wespenttogether

inBeijing.(先行詞作賓語)

→Iwillneverforgettheday.

wespentthedaytogetherinBeijing.(day作spent的賓語)

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheLeague.

(先行詞作時間狀語)

→Iwillneverforgettheday.

IjoinedtheLeagueontheday.(theday作joinedthe

League的時間狀語)

=介詞+which

當先行詞是表示地點的詞時，如果它作從句中動詞的賓語，引導詞用

關系代詞which或that或不填；如果它作從句中動詞的地點狀語，引

導詞則用關系副詞where或相應的介詞+which。

thefactorythat/which/不填wevisitedlastmonth.

(先行詞作賓語)

→Thisisthefactory.

Wevisitedthefactorylastmonth.(factory作visited的賓語)

Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworkedforthirty

years.(先行詞作地點狀語)

→Thisisthefactory.

Myfatherworkedinthefactoryforthirtyyears.

(factory作worked的地點狀語)

=forwhich

當先行詞是reason時，如果它作從句中動詞的賓語，引導詞用關系代

詞which或that或不填；如果它作從句中動詞的原因狀語，引導詞則

用關系副詞why或forwhich。

thereasonwhich/that/不填heexplainedtome.(先行

詞reason作賓語)

→Thisisthereason.

Heexplainedthereasontome.(reason作explained的賓

語)

Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidnotgotoschool

yesterday.(reason作原因狀語)

→Thisisthereason.

Hedidnotgotoschoolyesterdayforthereason.

定語從句的注意事項：

1.關于介詞提前:

當先行詞作從句中動詞的賓語，并且從句中動詞是帶有介詞的動詞短語

時，該介詞可以提前到關系代詞who，whom,which之前。

theknifethat/whichhekilledthemanwith.

=Thisistheknifewithwhichhekilledtheman.

Therewasnoonethathecouldturntoforhelp.

=Therewasnoonetowhomhecouldturnforhelp.

2.引導詞只能用that的情況：

a)先行詞時不定代詞或被某些形容詞修飾時，此類詞有：something,

everything,anything,nothing,all,much,any,few,little,every,no

等。

aveanythingthatyouwanttotellme?

Hegaveallthemoneythathehastohisgranddaughter.

Thereisnoonethathebelievesinthisworld.

Hehasfewfriendsthatwillhelphim.

b)先行詞前有最高級，序數詞或thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame

等修飾時：

ypersonthatItrustisTom.

TheTitanicisthebestfilmthatIhaveeveren.

MarryisthefirstAmericanthatIhavemadefriendswith.

ThisistheverybookthatIamafter.

SheisthelastgirlthatIwanttomarry.

c)先行詞既有人又有物時：

mstarandhisfilmsthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutis

reallyfamous.

Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthepeopleandplaces

thatyouvisitedinBritain?

d)先行詞是who或which時：

heboythatisplayingfootballoverthere?

Whichisthebookthatbelongstoyou?

e)在therebe句型中：

sadictionaryonthedeskthatisveryinteresting.

Thereisaboythatwantstoeyouinthehall.

f)介詞提前時，不能用that：

theclassroominwhichwearestudying.

ThisistheknifewithwhichIcutthewatermelonwith.

g)在非限制定語從句中，不能使用that：

,whichwasboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

Hefailedintheexamagain,whichmadehismothervery

angry.

高考英語定語從句陷阱題總結歸納

torywasbuiltinacretplace,around______highmountains.

re

daywevisitedamodernhospital,around_______somefruitshops.

e

derhappenedinanoldbuilding,beside______thecitypolice

station.

e

nthwe’llmovetoanewbuilding,nextto_______anicerestaurant

wherewecanhaveChinefood.

e

thableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround

______Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand？”

6._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery

month.

7._______isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonce

everymonth.

8.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinniorschoolis

increasing.

9.______ismentionedabovethatthenumberofthestudentsinniorschool

isincreasing.

ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslike.

ssuchagoodboy_______alltheteacherslikehim.

otsuchagooddinner_______shehadpromidus.

es,mostof_______werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyan

angrycrowd.

,for_______hepaid$10,000,isnowworth$50,000.

nforest,through_______we’llbedriving,isn’taforestanylonger.

idatnineo’clock,after_______Isatreadingthepaper.

,with_______IplayedtennisonSundays,wasawarm-hearted

person.

s,bothof______workabroad,willcomebackhomethissummer.

efruit-pickers,veralof_______werestilluniversitystudents.

housandsofstudents,manyof______gainedgreatsuccessin

theirownfield.

dalotofquestions,noneof______waasytoanswer.

dalotofquestions,andnoneof______waasytoanswer.

methathehadtwogirl-friends,neitherof_______knewanything

abouttheother.

methathehadtwogirl-friends,andneitherof_______knew

anythingabouttheother.

lotoffriends,onlyafewof______invitedtohiswedding.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______carriedout

intheirwork.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_______were

carriedoutintheirwork.

tforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_______were

carriedoutintheirwork.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentsatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentswereatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_______

parentswereatedtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentssittingtogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentssattogetherjoking.

aystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______

parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.

anisonlyinterestedinyourlooks,_____justshowshowshallow

heis.

romitogowithus,_____willbeOK.

antadoubleroom,_____willcostanother￡15.

ryougoornot,_______isquiteallrightwithme.

aytwohours,_____includestimeforeating.

sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworking

asacretaryinourcompany.

sthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________sheworksasa

cretaryinourcompany.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weboughtlastmonth.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______hasjustbeen

completed.

panywillmovetoatallbuilding_______weworkedtwoyears

ago.

heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_______in

theforest.

ewonceC.

ew

fficeIneveremtohavetimeuntilafter5：30pm,_____many

peoplehavegonehome.

.

htime

thereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhis

work？

explained

xplained

y,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostour

way.

wasworkingtherehecaughtariousillnessfrom_____efforts

hestillsuffers.

’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmore

moneytosupporthisfamily.

ivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.

tletimewehavetogetherwe’lltry_____wily.

ngthat

building,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______we

udtowork.

,,theplaceC.

which,,where

beshownaroundthecity：schools,muums,andsomeother

places,_______othervisitorsldomgo.

ernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecame

united.

heflowersnowraidherehavedevelopedfromtho_____inthe

forest.

ewonceC.

ew

ldetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.

lyIboughtanancientChineva,_______wasvery

reasonable.

ceofwhich

ceofwho

veyougot_____willhelpacold？

eryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketo

me.

nowthemanfrom________houthepictureswerestolen？

inkofmanycas_______studentsobviouslyknewalotof

Englishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

allthatyouneed？Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou

_____.

ting

eteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglish

threeyearsago.

’sgothimlfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolo

controlovertheplane.

anotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportanceto

science.

thinkitisC.

is

ywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcour,

madetheothersunhappy.

roblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyears

ago.

metreestheleavesof_____wereblackwithdia.

ousbasketballer,_______triedtomakeacomeback,attracteda

lotofattention.

eywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,

thegirlbroughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwith

James.

sthatC.

sthat

六、狀語從句

什么是狀語從句？在復合句中，充當狀語的從句。

狀語從句共有九類，分別是：

1.時間狀語從句；2.地點狀語從句；3.原因狀語從句；

4.比較狀語從句；5.目的狀語從句；6.結果狀語從句；

7.條件狀語從句；8.方式狀語從句；9.讓步狀語從句。

分類學習：

1.時間狀語從句：

a)時間狀語從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

b)when,while,as可引導時間按狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”：

wasyoung,hecouldn’tgotoschool.

Iwashavingdinnerwhenhecametoemelastevening.

Hehurthimlfwhileridinghisbicycle.

AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.

c)until/till是指某一持續性動作持續到某一時間點，終止性動作要用否定

式：Notuntil放在句首時，主句要部分倒裝。

dinthevillageuntil/tillhewas20yearsold.

Iwillwaituntil/tillyoucomeback.

Notuntilhewasforty,didmyunclegotmarried.

Notuntileleveno’clockdidwefinishourhomework.

d)表示時間的名詞短語也可引導時間狀語從句：如：thetime,the

moment,theminute,theday,theyear,thefirsttime,thecond

time,bythetime,eachtime,everytime,nexttime,anytime等：

enthecameoutofthecar,Irecognizedwhohe

was.

IfellinlovewithherthefirsttimeImether.

HeissmilingeverytimeIehim.

Thethiefranawaytheminutehesawthepoliceman.

e)表示“一……就”的短語：如：assoonas,immediately,directly,

instantly,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely/barely…when等：

allyouassoonasIgetthere.

Thebabyburstoutcryingimmediatelyhesawhismother.

Ihadnosoonerenteredmyroomthanthetelephone

rang.

注意：當nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首時，它們之后

要跟過去完成時的倒裝句，than和when之后要跟一般過去式：表示

“剛剛……就”。

erhadIenteredmyroomthanthetelephonerang.

HardlyhadIgotoffthebuswhenIstartedtomove.

f)在時間狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替過

去將來時：

etyouknowassoonashecomes.

時間狀語從句的特例：

a)Itwillbe+一段時間+before+S+V+O…:表示“多久之后……

才……”：

notbelongbeforethetermcomestoanend.

Itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetagain.

b)Itis+一段時間+since+S+V-ed+O…:表示自動作完成時起

就……：

Itwas+一段時間+since+S+had+P.P.+O…:

oyearssinceIsmokedlasttime.我已經不抽煙兩年了。

ItwasalongtimesinceIhadhadsomuchfun.我已經很久沒

玩的那么愉快了。

c)Itis/wasnotuntil…that…:表示強調句，意為“直到……才……”：

otuntilhewastwenty-eightthatQiBaishibeganto

studypainting.

Itwasnotuntilthebosscamethattheybegantowork.

2.地點狀語從句：

a)地點狀語從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，引導詞有：where,

wherever等，相當于：”to/in/fromtheplace(s)where…”

或”in/to/fromanyplacewhere…”結構：

ngiswelcomedwhereverhegoes.

Thebookiswhereyouleftit.

b)一般只要在地點狀語從句中的引導詞where前加上to/in/fromthe

place，便可變為定于從句：

hebookintheplacewhereitwas.

Sheiswelcomedinanyplacewhereshegoes.

3.原因狀語從句：

a)原因狀語從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引導詞有：becau,as,

since,nowthat,forthereason,inthat,eingthat等：

hehascome,youneedn’tgo.

Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecauhecaughtacold.

Nowthateveryoneishere,let’sgetstarted.

Seeingthatheisill,wewilldotheworkforhim.

4.比較狀語從句：

a)同級比較：常用“as…as…”，第二個as之后即為比較狀語從句：

tallasyouare.

Icanrunasfastasyoudo.

HespeaksEnglishaswellasanativespeaker.

b)不同級比較結構：常用“notso/as…as…”：

snotso/asdifficultasEnglish(is).

HespeaksEnglishnotsowellashisbrother(does).

c)差級或高級比較：常用”…than…”than之后即為比較狀語從句：

nfasterthanyou(can).

Sheplaysthepianobetterthananyotherstudentinher

class(does).

d)表示遞進關系的狀語從句：常用結構：“the+比較級……the+比較

級”：

growtrees;themore,thebetter.

Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouroralEnglishwillbe.

Theolderyougrow,thebetteryouwillunderstandit.

e)倍數的表達方法主要有三種方式：

1)A+be+基數詞（3以上）+times+as+adj.+asB.

peisthreetimesaslongasthatone.

Thisbuildingisfourtimesastallasthatone.

2)A+be+基數詞（3以上）+times+as+adj.-er+thanB.

ouisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.

Thisriverisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.

3)A+be+基數詞（3以上）+times+thesize/length/width/

height/depth/etc.+ofB.

boxisthreetimesthesizeoftheblueone.

Thisropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.

Thiswellisthreetimesthedepthofthatone.

5.目的狀語從句：

a)目的狀語從句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，其引導詞有：inorderthat,

sothat,forfear(that),inca等：

pearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustoschool.

InorderthathecanlearnEnglishwell,hespentallhisspare

timeonEnglish.

You’dbetterbringyourumbrellaincaitrains.

b)在目的狀語從句中常含有助動詞may,might,will,would,shall,can,

could等。如上例。

c)在主句的主語和從句的主語一致時，目的狀語從句可以和表目的不定式

或介詞短語互換。

rthathecanwinthegame,hepracticeshardevery

day.

=Inordertowinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.

=Towinthegame,hepracticeshardeveryday.

6.結果狀語從句：

a)結果狀語從句一般置于句尾，其引導詞有：that,so,sothat,such

that,so…that…,such…that…等：

suchabignoithateverybodywassurprid.

Heissotallthathecantouchtheceiling.

b)so…that…的用法：

1)so+adj./adv.+that…

obeautifulthatalltheboysinherclasslikeher.

Herunssofastthatnoonecancatchupwithhim.

2)so+many/few/much/little+相應形式的名詞+that…

eadsomanybooksthatheisvery

knowledgeable.

Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyanything

thatshe

wants.

3)so+adj.+a/an+可數名詞單數+that…

ocleveragirlthatsheisgoodateverysubject.

TheTitanicwassomovingafilmthatIsawitsixtimes.

c)such…that…的用法：

1)such+a/an+adj.+可數名詞單數+that…

2)such+adj.+可數名詞復數+that…

3)such+adj.+不可數名詞+that…

suchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievein

him.

Itissuchfinewhetherthatweallwanttohaveapicnic

inthepark.

Itisnosurprisingthatsuchlittlewormatsolittle

grain.

7.條件狀語從句：

a)條件狀語從句可置于句首或句尾，有事還可置于主語與謂語之間，其引

導詞有：if,unless,as/solongas,once,inca,onconditionthat,

supposing(that),given(that)等：

umbrellawithyouincaitrains.

I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishonconditionthatyouhelpme

withmymath.

Giventhatheisanewcomer,hehasdoneitprettywell.

YouwillmakegreatprogressinEnglishsoonaslongasyou

workhardatit.

b)在條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替過

去將來時：

lfallbehindothersunlessyoustudyhard.

Iwillnotgotohisbirthdaypartyunlessheinvitesme.

Youwillfallinlovewithheronceyoueherinperson.

8.方式狀語從句：

a)結果狀語從句一般置于句尾，其引導詞有：as,asif,asthough：

Rome,doastheRomansdo.

Youshoulddoitasyouhavebeeninstructed.

b)Asif/asthought的用法：

1)當它們引導的方式狀語從句所表示的是事實或可能性很大時，用陳

述語氣：

sasifitisgoingtorainsoon.

Itemsasthoughtheshopwillbecloddownsoon.

2)當它們引導的方式狀語從句所表示的不是事實而是主觀的想象或夸

大性的比喻時，用虛擬語氣：

ksEnglishasthoughhewereanEnglishman.

Theychattedasiftheyhadknowneachotherforalong

time.

9.讓步狀語從句：

a)讓步狀語從句可以置于句首或句尾，有時也可置于句中，其引導詞有：

though,although,eventhough,as,whether…ornot…,

whetherornot,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,

whover,whenever,wherever,however等：

rymanymoretimes,eventhoughImayfail

againandagain.

Iwillnotgotothecinemawithyouevenifyoupayfor

myticket.

Whereveryougo,Iwillfllowyou.

b)though,although引導讓步狀語從句時，主句可以用still,yet，但

不可用but：

itwasraininghard,theystillworkedhardinthe

fields.

Thoughheisnotsorichyetheoftenhelpthowho

areintrouble.

Althoughheloveher,hedarenottellher.

c)as/though引導讓步狀語從句時，從句中的表語、狀語或謂語中的

實義動詞需提前至句首。如果表語是帶冠詞的名詞，冠詞需省略：

句式結構：

Although/Though+S+

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

V

V

情態

狀語

表語be

?

?

?

?

?

,S+V+O+…

=

?

?

?

?

?

V

狀語

表語

?

?

?

?

?

+as/though+S+

?

?

?

?

?

情態

V

be

?

?

?

?

?

,S+V+O+…

heisahero,hehassomeshortcomings.

=Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomngs.

Thoughyoumaytryhard,youwillnotsucceed.

=Hardasyoumaytry,youwillnotsucceed.

Thoughyoumaywait,hewillnoteyou.

=Waitasyoumay,hewillnoteyou.

Thoughthenobleareproud,theyareafraidtoeme.

=Proudasthenobleare,theyareafraidtoeme.

Thoughheisachild,hecantellrightfromwrong.

=Childasheis,hecantellrightfromwrong.

高考英語狀語從句陷阱題總結歸納

1.“MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoon,Mum?”“No,you

can’tgoout_______yourworkisbeingdone.”

ent

2.“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_______you’rethere,canyouget

mesomestamps?”

3._______youareathomealone,pleadon’tleavethedooropen.

4._______youarealonewithher,tellherthatyoulikeher.

hewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup______therehadonce

beenatheatre.

ousscientistgrewup_______hewasbornandin1930hecame

toShanghai.

er

ndhercalculator_______shelostit.

uldmakeitaruletoleavethings_______youcanfindthem

again.