翻譯的過程TheProcessofTranslation

第二章 翻譯的過程 The Process of Translation

1. 理解：

1語義方面：

1.1.1根據在句中的詞類來選擇.

1) Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的電荷相斥,不同的電荷相吸.

2) Like knows like.

3) I like translation more than writing.

4) In the sunbeam passing through the windows there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗內的陽光里,細微的塵埃象金子一般在

閃閃發(fā)亮.

1.1.2. 根據上下文

1) He was the last man to come, but he wasn’t late for the meeting..他是最后來的

2) He is the last man to do it. 他決不會干那件事情的

3) This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也沒想到會在這個地方見到你.

Take off:

1)To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.脫鞋或穿鞋對她一樣痛苦,但這已是多年以來的

痛苦了.

2)He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off.他工作的時候,總是坐在椅子邊上,好象隨時都會站

起身來的樣子.

1.1.3 根據搭配來選擇：

light music輕音樂，light loss小損失，light car輕型汽車，light heart不專一的心，light step輕快的腳步，light manners輕浮的舉止，light voice

輕聲

delicate skin嬌嫩的皮膚/delicate upbringing嬌生慣養(yǎng)/delicate living奢侈的生活/ delicate va容易碰碎的花瓶/delicate diplomatic question微

妙的外交問題 /delicate difference/講不大清楚的差別 delicate ear for music對音樂有鑒賞力/ delicate touch/妙筆生花 delicate features清秀的

五官/delicate food美味的食物

1.1.4 詞語引申意

1.1.4.1 具體形象引伸為該形象的代表屬性

1) There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that smuggler毒梟的性格既殘暴又狡猾

1.1.4.2 抽象變具體

1) there had been too much violence in that region那個地區(qū)發(fā)生了許多暴力事件

2) The car in front of me stalled and I misd the green .停下了,錯過了綠燈.

3) Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in.猶太人的鋪子關閉了.

字旗取代了六角星旗.反猶太主義的包圍圈一天緊似一天.

1.1.5 complimentary or derogative terms

1) Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism.。貴國一直堅定地站在反恐怖主義戰(zhàn)線的

前列。

2) It is the champion of that ca.案子的罪魁禍首

3) Mary always gets what she wants by playing office politics.耍手腕到達目的。

4) The arrogant policeman is very humble towards his superiors.傲慢無禮的警察見到上司非常謙卑恭順。

5) Should the couple split up or stay together for the sake of the kids?這樣的夫妻應該離異，還是為了孩子湊合過下去？

6)He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker.他是個臭名昭著的吸血鬼。

7)She has made a reputation for herlf through hard work.她勤奮工作為自己贏得了聲譽。

.

1.1.6要了解文化特性

1)心中有事，必形于色。The face is the index of the mind.

2)別久情疏。Far from eye, far from heart.

3)我讓他搶了先。He has stolen a march on me.

4)他想賄賂這個政府官員。He is trying to oil the judge’s palm.

5）Greek and Latin are all English to me.(English means easy. But “it is Greek to me “means to difficult)

6)There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.在地里放牧的叫牛，在餐桌上吃的叫牛肉。

7) It is a black lie.惡意的謊言。

8)．From time to time, we have to do rather tricky job and feel that one of our fingers is getting in the way. We say that we are all thumbs. 我們有

時要干些精細的活，但感到手指不聽使喚，我們說自己苯手苯腳的。

9)請你耐心一點。To hold your potato

10)The couple lead a cat and dog life. 這對夫妻老吵架。

11).John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game約翰為人可靠， 他既誠實又正直。

1.2語境分析：分析詞與周邊邏輯關系。

1)We must inrt a new fu every time fu has functioned.每當保險絲燒斷后，我們就換上新的。

2)-------“Well, old boy, ”said the visitor, “it’s nice to e you up and about”

-----“Up , yes, ”the patient said, “but about , no — at least not much,”

-------“喂，老兄，”探視者說，“見到你起來走動走動，真高興。”

------“是能下床了，”病人答到。“若說走動還步行—至少還不太行。”

3)-----Clare stood still, and inclined his face towards hers.

-------“ Oh, Tessy!” he exclaimed.

-----The girl’s cheeks burned to the breeze, and she could not look into his eyes for the emotion.( T. Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Ch. 23)

克來站住了腳，把臉貼/俯向來絲的臉。

“哦，臺絲？”他動情的叫到。

苔絲感到了他的呼吸，臉上給燒得火辣辣的，她心搖神蕩，不敢再盯著克來的眼睛。

1.3語用分析 對語言的交際意義進行分析。

1.3.1了解說話人的感情，態(tài)度，情緒和意念等

1)Say that again and I’ll part with you once and for all.（警告）你再這樣說，我就不再理睬你了。

2)You are stubborn. He is pig-headed. I am strong-willed.（褒、貶有別）你太固執(zhí)，他是頭倔驢，而我卻意志堅強。

3)He is a post-graduated, but speaks no English.（表驚訝）他是個研究生，奇怪的是連一句英語都不會說。

4)A down-to-earth man would have succeeded.（含假設）如果腳踏實地，就不會失敗了。

1.3.2選詞對風格的影響：用詞不同,句法結構不同, 表現手法不同,從而導致了風格的不同.

1) Beside the flashing light, Miller had frequent but not vere headache , which he attributed to business tension, lack of exerci and too many

cigarettes. At 42, he had realized the ambition of many bright young engineers: to own a manufacturing business.

2) I joined the Marine Corps at venteen. I was very mixed up. I wanted to become a first-class citizen. I wanted to be accepted and I was very

proud of my uniform. My mom didn’t want to sigh the papers, but she knew I had to better mylf and maybe I’d get an education in the

rvices.

1.3.3風格對意義的影響：原文的意圖不同,表達方式不同. 形式對意義的影響.

1) 40-Love

middle aged

couple playing

ten- nis

when the

game ends

and they

go home

the net

will still

be be-

tween them

2.表達階段

2.1直譯與意譯之爭

2.1.1直譯：強調“形似”

1)John is a clean-cut , great-looking guy. 是一個干凈利落,相貌偉大岸的人.

2)Endless African plain. The sun is bright, the trees are green and the animals live happily.

一望無際的非洲平原,陽關道明媚,樹木蔥綠,動物們幸福地生活著.

3)You toil and work and earn bread, and I’ll eat it.你們流汗勞動換來的面包，我坐享其成。

2.1.2意譯:強調”神似”

1)It was an old and ragged moon.這是一彎下弦殘月.

2) Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth.

原文中都有顏色詞, 用意譯法進行靈活處理.

3) Do you e any green in my eye? 你以為我幼稚好欺嗎？

4) He is green with jealousy .他醋意大發(fā).

5) He is a blue-blooded man.他出身貴族.

6) This is very white of you.你真誠實

7) You look blue today. What’s wrong with you? 你今天悶悶不樂.出了什么事?

8) He looked at me blackly.他怒氣沖沖地瞪著我.

9) She was tickled pink to e her husband on television.在電視上看到她丈夫高興的不得了.

10) Her story immediately reminded me of a Chine saying “ The young beautiful lady will always be star-crosd” 聽了有關她的故事,我立刻想

到中國的一句俗語 “ 紅顏薄命”

11)So we may credit the achiever with brains , brawn or lucky break, and let ourlves off the hook becau we fall short in all three.

我們常以為成功者之所以成功是因為身體好，腦子靈，運氣佳，從而為自己找借口，說自己不成功是因為身體不好，腦子不靈，運氣不

佳。

2.1.3.原則：能直譯就盡量直譯， 不能直譯就意譯

2.1.3.1能直譯就直譯。

1)There never was a good war or a bad peace.從來就沒有好戰(zhàn)爭和壞和平

2)It gives me very great pleasure to e Chine children shooting up like bean sprout , full of vitality and energy.我非常高興的看到華裔小孩像豆

牙菜一樣冒出來，充滿生計和活力

3)In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king.

山中無老虎，猴子稱霸王。

4) have eaten more salt than you over the years.我吃的鹽比你多

5）Criminals must be made to e the conquences of their crimes. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” is the very basis of Justice.

必須使罪犯看到自己犯罪的后果，“以眼還眼，以牙還牙”正是法制的基礎。

6)During the rush hours, you can often e a boiling a of bicycle running in all directions.

在高峰時，你經常可以看到沸騰的自行車海洋涌向四面八方。

2.1.3.2.不能直譯就意譯。

1) Things Go Better With Coke可口可樂.順心順意.

2) Diamond cuts diamond. 強中更有強中手

3) Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.擔心太早。

4) He that lives with cripples learns to limp.跟什么人學什么人. 歸化譯文:近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

5) Give a dog a bad name and hang him.讒言可畏

6) Cast pearls before swine.對牛彈琴

7) Our military is powerful , and it’s prepared.我們的強大軍隊隨時準備投入戰(zhàn)斗。

8) Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infection. The dia is characterized by high fever, headache, bone or joint and muscle pains , and rash.登

革熱是一種由蚊子傳播的傳染病，其臨床特征為高燒，頭痛，骨頭或關節(jié)痛，肌肉痛以及皮疹

2.1.3.3.直譯與意譯并舉

1)Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.

直譯:砸鏡子不能使丑八怪變漂亮,也不能使社會問題煙消云散.

意譯:砸鏡子并不能解決實際問題.

2)Don’t lock the stable door after the hor has been stolen.

直譯：不要等馬被盜了，才去鎖廄門。

意譯：不要賊走關門。

3)Among so many well-dresd and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.

直譯：同這么多穿著體面而又有教養(yǎng)的人在一起，這位鄉(xiāng)下姑娘頗有如魚離水之感。

意譯：同這么多穿著體面而又有教養(yǎng)的人在一起，這位鄉(xiāng)下姑娘感到渾身不自在。

1) He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo.他可是個神槍手，可這一次卻遭受失敗。

2) She’d never again believe anything in trours. 她再也不愿意相信任何男人了。

3)He walked at the head of funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬隊伍的前頭，

還不時用一條大手絹摸去他那鱷魚眼淚。（假惺的眼淚）

4)The Italians are wi before the deed, the Germans in the deed, the French after the deed.意大利人事前聰明,德國人事中聰明,而法國人事后聰

明.

5）If she was a victim, if anyone is to take the blame for her death, then the one certain candidate is fame itlf. 若說她是受害者，若要找出令她

死亡的罪魁禍首，名氣肯定是最大的疑兇。

5)A greeting card can warm a heart , hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surpri a child, woo a

sweetheart , toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ea a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry

and start a tradition.一張問候卡可以溫暖一顆心，握緊一雙手，傾聽肺腑言，輕拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，撩人心癢癢，抹去淚汪汪；它能

給孩子以驚喜，給戀人以溫存給新娘以祝福，給路人以歡迎；它可以用以揮手告別，高聲喝彩，送上飛吻，也可以用以平息爭吵，減輕痛

苦，提高士氣，消除憂慮，開創(chuàng)一種新風尚。

More

1)I gave my youth to the a and I came home and gave her (my wife ) my old age.我把青春奉獻給了海洋，等我回到家時，看見妻子已是白發(fā)蒼

蒼了。

2)When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through ro-colored glass.把一切事情看得太簡單太容易了。

3)But no one forces you to go to a. It gets in your blood.但是沒有人強迫你出海，是你心甘情愿的嘛。

4)After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be? 我們之間既然仇恨這么大，他還能待我寬厚嗎？

5)Barbara was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.生在富貴人家財

6)Maybe he has cut off his own head and destroyed himlf 也許他走絕了路，自己毀掉自己。

11) They don’t know their right hand from their left.他們什么也不知道

2.1.3.4 Instant nutritious cereal ( enhanced with calcium)

The raw ingredients include wheat, maize, Chine sorghum and rice. The combine to provide a wide range of vitamins, minerals and

carbohydrates, which have been proven to be esntial for our body’s health and nutrition needs.

Scientifically advanced methods of extraction ensure the prervation of nutritious value in the raw ingredients ud for ACES Nutritious Cereal.

The beverage is delicious and easy to rve, a perfect and convenient supplement for the body’s dietary requirements in this modern age. The

formula enhancing with calcium makes the drink an especially healthy choice.

本飲品以麥子、玉米、高梁、稻谷等粗糧為原材料。富含多種維生素、礦物質及碳水化合物, 是現代飲食結構的重要組成部分，是人

體不可缺少的營養(yǎng)補充。

營養(yǎng)麥片（加鈣型）采用更先進的加工方法，提取粗糧內的有益成份，美味可口,即沖即飲, 營養(yǎng)更全面、更符合人體所需。其獨特強

化鈣配方是現代人士補充營養(yǎng)、均衡飲食的健康選擇。

3.審核階段-----

A． 核對人名，地名，日期，方位，數字等有無錯誤

B． 核對有無漏譯現象

C． 修改譯文中譯錯的和不妥當的地方。

D． 檢查標點符號

E． 通常核對兩遍: 一核內容，二潤飾文字。

1）Ruth was uptting the other children, so I showed her the door.

路絲一直在擾亂別的孩子，我就把他攆了出去。

2）After lunching in the bament of the Medical School Philip went back to his rooms. It was Saturday afternoon, and the landlady was cleaning the

stairs.

在醫(yī)學院地下室吃過飯后，菲力普回到自己的寓所。那是一個星期六的下午，女房動蕩不安正在打掃樓梯。

3)Such ideas often produce only fal hope and unnecessary fears.這種想法常常只會產生盲目樂觀和不必要的恐懼.

4)And the beauty of the pearl, winking and glimmering in the light of the little candle, cozened his brain with its beauty.美麗的珍珠,在燭光下閃閃

發(fā)亮, 使人神往,令人陶醉.

5)I love tiger cat,…British movies on public television, fluffy blous, the nuclear family,…

我喜歡虎紋家貓，……愛看公共電視臺播放的英國電影，愛穿蓬松的罩衫，向往三口之家的生活。

更多：

in every Chine city,, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theaters and restaurants.在中國我們每到一個城市，就逛大街、逛商店、游公園、上

劇院、下飯館。

He once again imparted to me his great knowledge, experience and wisdom我再次感受了他那廣博的知識、豐富的經驗和無窮的智慧。

6)I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.我看過你的文章,沒想到你這么年輕.

7) A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.諺語，粗俗：千條漢子能共處,兩個婆娘難相容.<翻譯通訊>