藏東南典型冰湖潰決機(jī)制及危險(xiǎn)性研究
作者：常鳴 唐川 竇向陽(yáng)
來(lái)源：《南水北調(diào)與水利科技》2017年第06期
摘要：我國(guó)西藏地區(qū)冰湖分布十分廣泛，隨著時(shí)間的推移，氣溫逐漸升高，一些冰湖出現(xiàn)消融現(xiàn)象，部分冰湖潰決直接導(dǎo)致災(zāi)害級(jí)聯(lián)效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生，進(jìn)一步誘發(fā)了洪水、泥石流等次生災(zāi)害，因此及時(shí)開(kāi)展冰湖潰決機(jī)制及其危險(xiǎn)性研究十分必要。為了更好地詳細(xì)分析冰湖潰決的機(jī)制及致災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性模式，重點(diǎn)選取西藏波密縣米堆溝泥石流的源頭光謝錯(cuò)為研究對(duì)象，開(kāi)展了野外調(diào)查取樣、室內(nèi)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)及高精度遙感解譯等一系列工作，分析結(jié)果表明光謝錯(cuò)潰決外因是由異常氣候和水文條件誘發(fā)的，內(nèi)因是在終磧堤潰決過(guò)程中存在溢流型和管涌型兩種機(jī)制。光謝錯(cuò)潰決后逐步完成了由洪水向稀性泥石流的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程，泥石流的運(yùn)移嚴(yán)重威脅到溝道兩岸村莊、道路及耕地的安全。通過(guò)對(duì)光謝錯(cuò)潰決機(jī)制的研究能夠?yàn)椴貣|南地區(qū)冰湖潰決的防治及預(yù)警提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞：西藏；冰湖；潰決機(jī)制；危險(xiǎn)性
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：P642；P3436文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：
16721683（2017）06011507
Abstract：Many glacier lakes are distributed in Tibet，ChinaWith the passage of time，the temperature gradually rais，and some glacier lakes begin to meltTheir bursts will directly result in disastrous cascade effects and induce condary disasters such as flood and debris flowTherefore，it is imperative to timely carry out the study on the mechanism and hazards of glacier lake burstsIn order to better analyze the mechanism and hazard models of glacier lake bursts，we lected the Guangxiecuo glacier lake of Midui Gully in Tibet as the rearch object，and conducted a ries of work including field investigation and sampling，indoor physical experiment，and highresolution remotensing interpretationThe analysis results showed that the burst of Guangxiecuo lake was externally caud by abnormal climate and hydrological conditions and internally caud by the overflowtype and pipingtype mechanisms during the burst of the terminal moraine damAfter the burst，the flood gradually transitioned to debris flowThe migration of debris flow riously threatens the villages，roads，and cultivated land on both sides of the channelThe mechanism rearch can provide scientifi
c basis for prevention and early warning of glacier lake bursts in the future
