英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)（2013年12月考試改革適用）模擬試卷175(題后含答

案及解析)

題型有：gComprehension4.

Translation

PartIWriting

1．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthe

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Suppoyouruniversityiscollectingopinionstoimprovethewholecampus,what

suggestionswillyoumakeandwhy?

正確答案：OpinionsonBetteringOurCampusIfmyuniversityisnow

gatheringopinionsonhowtobetterourcampus,wherewewillspendourmost

precioustime,ndforemost,there

shouldbeanincreainthenumberofclassroomquippedwithanairconditioner.

Hence,thereisnoneedforstudentstogetupat6o’clockjusttofindaatinthe

library,

universityissuppodtoputupveralsignstowarncarstoslowdown,especiallyon

fewstudentscomplainedthattherunningcarssplashedwaterover

y,suggestionboxesshouldbetupsothatstudentscangiveadvice

p,theuniversity,Isuppo,shouldtakethesuggestionsinto

considerationsoastofosteraharmoniousatmosphereforstudents.

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

聽力原文：(1)maleventuallyfiguresoutthe

learnstodealwithits

istshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinmuchthe

buildcars,playchessandcan

ysomedaydriveyourcar,alsohelppeoplein

naturaldisasters.(2)Robotsaredeployedinarchandrescueoperationsfollowingan

blemisthat

allofthotypesofsituationsandenvironmentareextremelyunpredictableand

sverylikelythatrobotsandhumansinthosituationsbecome

damaged.(1)Thescientistsaredevelopingtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinue

thenewsreportmainlyabout?2.

Whatcanweknowaboutrobotsfromthenewsreport?

2．

A．Adogthatrunsonthreelegs.

B．Newrobotdogsdevelopedbyscientists.

C．Newrobotsthatcanhelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.

D．Newrobotsthatcancontinueworkingwheninjured.

正確答案：D

3．

A．Theycandoeverythingthatpeoplecan’tdo.

B．Theywillbeimprovedintwoyears.

C．Theycanworkindangeroussituations.

D．Theycanmendthemlveswheninjured.

正確答案：C

聽力原文：e

kindsofexercimaybebetterthanothers.(3)Running,forexample,mayhelpto

gmayalsohelpyou

doesnotmatter

rtimentsfortherunningshoeNikesay,

“justdoit.“Recently,rearchersstudiedmorethan55,

dyfoundtherunners

wereconsiderablylesslikelythannon-runnerstodieofanyformofdia,including

heartdia.(4)Infact,therunnerslived,onaverage,threeyearslongerthanthe

edtonon-runners,runnersshowed30percentlowerriskof

deathbyanycaus,includingheartattack,thebenefitof

runningaccordingtothenews?gdidtherunnerssurvivethenon-runners?

4．

A．Itcanhelppeoplecuredias.

B．Itcanmakepeoplefeelhappy.

C．Itcanhelppeopleloweight.

D．Itcanhelptoprotectheartdia.

正確答案：D

5．

A．Oneyear.

B．Threeyears.

C．Fouryears.

D．Thirtyyears.

正確答案：B

聽力原文：Asinglecigarettesoldonastreetcornermaynotcostalot:

however,,considerthecostofhuman

life.(5)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysabout10peopledieofatobacco-linked

teaddsuptoalmostsixmillionpeopledyingfromsuch

diaveryyear.(6)gan

sshowpeoplewhowanttostop

xpertsandformersmokersoffer

evenmoreeffectiveadvice:Ifyouareconsideringstartingsmoking,don’g

ffectthehealthofanentire

country.(7)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsayslow-incomecountriesdependheavily

ethemoney,inpart,topaythecostsofhealthcare

illegaltradeintobaccoproductsisfurthertesting

ypeoplediefromsmokingevery

year?thardtostopsmokingformostpeople?ow-income

countriespartlyspendthetaxesfromcigarettes?

6．

A．Sixmillion.

B．Tenmillion.

C．Sixbillion.

D．Tenbillion.

正確答案：A

7．

A．Theyareaccustomedtosmoking.

B．Theyhavetoomuchstress.

C．Theyareteenagers.

D．Theyfinditcooltosmoke.

正確答案：A

8．

A．Ontheimprovementofeducation.

B．Ontheimprovementofinfrastructure.

C．Onthetreatmentoftobacco-relateddias.

D．Onsomeillegaltrade.

正確答案：C

SectionB

聽力原文：M:Hello!lpyou?W:Oh,Ifeelsostrange

withmyfeetintheskis.M:Soyoudon’urfirsttimeskiing

here?W:Actually,it’smyfirsttimeeingrealwhitesnow.M:Areyoukidding?

Whereareyoufrom,younglady?W:(8)thave

’salwayssunny.M:youmustbeagoodswimmer.W:

mplydon’tknowwhattodowith

theskis.M:Don’tworry.I’msureyouwilllearnitveryquickly.I’llshowyouhow

klikeme,allright?Good!Let’sgoupthehillandtry,shall

we?(9)Whenyouwanttogouptheslope,youshouldstandsidewaysandgoupstep

bystep,justlikeacrab.W:Oh,that’sreallyfunny.I’veneverwalkedinthisway,but

it’sinteresting.M:Let’makeiteasier.W:Iguess

I’malittlenervous.M:,keepleaningforwardwhile

goingdown.(10)Ifyouwanttostop,youshouldpointthetipstogether,gotit?W:I

e.M:Now,let’!(11)Howdoyoufeel?Stillafraid?W:No,notat

all.(11)uitepleadandproudofmylf,thankyouvery

sthewomanknownothingaboutskiing?

doesthemansuggestthewomandowhengoinguptheslope?ouldthe

womandoifshewantstostopwhenskiing?sthewomanfeelwhenshe

isskiing?

9．

A．Shehasn’tensnow.

B．Shedoesn’tliketoski.

C．Sheisafraidofskiing.

D．Shelivesveryfarawayfromtheskifield.

正確答案：A

10．

A．Actlikeacat.

B．Goupstepbystep.

C．Standinthemiddle.

D．Goupasquicklyaspossible.

正確答案：B

11．

A．Crossthetips.

B．Stopleaningforward.

C．Pointthetipstogether.

D．Movetoagentleplace.

正確答案：C

12．

A．Pleadbutafraid.

B．Happybutnervous.

C．Pleadandproud.

D．Excitingandsatisfied.

正確答案：C

聽力原文：M:Hi,Monica,pleacomeinandtakeaat.W:Well,youwould

liketotalkaboutthenewwebdesignerwithme,right?M:Yes,well,howdoesshe

perform?W:Well,thatdepends...(12)sheisveryhardworking,butitemsthatshe

oftencan’mple,shewasassignedtobuildtheBBSthe

otherday,

toldmejustnowthatshecouldnotcompletethattask.M:Well,didn’tyoutalkwith

heraboutwhatsheshoulddoatthebeginning?W:recommended

byJohnandfromwhathetoldme,shesoundedtobeprettyqualifiedtodothe

job.(13)I’mnotaskingforterrificwebdesignbuttobuildupastructurewithallthe

basicelementsofwebdesign.M:Didyouaskherwhyshewasn’tfrankwithyouin

thebeginningifshecouldn’tdotheBBS?W:Well,(14)fromwhatshesaid,shelearned

thatallbyherlf,andhadnoprofessionaltraining.M:Sonowwhatdoyouplantodo

sinceshegotthejobhalfdone?W:Ontheoneside,(15)wecanaskhertoleaveina

weeksinceshewasnothonestwhenapplyingforthejobandmadesomanymistakes.

Ontheotherside,wewillhavetohiresomeonewithexperienceinthatfieldtotake

overherjob.M:Yes,,Ithinkwe

,wecangetaprofessionaltoworkat

sthenewwebdesignerperformaccordingtothewoman?

kindofjobisthewebdesignerrequiredtodo?nwelearnaboutthenew

webdesigner?lltheydowiththenewwebdesigner?

13．

A．Sheishonestandhardworking.

B．Sheisverycompetentforthejob.

C．Shelikesherjobverymuch.

D．Sheishardworkingbutnotcompetent.

正確答案：D

14．

A．Designingaterrificweb.

B．Designingabasicweb.

C．BuildingaterrificBBS.

D．Designingaterrificprogram.

正確答案：B

15．

A．Shelearnedtheskillsatafamousuniversity.

B．Shedidn’tdowellatschool.

C．Shelearnedtheskillsbyherlf.

D．Shereceivedsomeprofessionaltraining.

正確答案：C

16．

A．Letherleaveimmediately.

B．Getanexperiencedmantohelpher.

C．Fireherinaweek.

D．Lethergetsomeprofessionaltraining.

正確答案：C

SectionC

聽力原文：Withtheglobaleconomynowtakingmoreexecutivesto

far-awayplaceslikeBeijingandTokyo,

otheother

sideoftheglobemakeadjustingatraveler’

expertssaytheybelieveittakesonedayforeachtimezoneawayfromhome,uptoa

maximumofsixorvendays,togetfullyinharmonywithlocaltime.(16)Usinga

combinationofnapandcaffeineisbetterthanusingthemparately,ifyoucan

aydothetwo

imethecaffeineisworking,yournap

xpertsarealsoworkingwithprofessionalandamateurathleteswho

performatinternationalmeets.(17)Aproperamountofsleepcanimproveanathlete’s

performanceasmuchas30%.blemliesinthe

differencesintravelers’abilitytohandlejetlag.(18)Sleeprearchershavefoundthat

peoplewhohavedealtwithsleeplossoverlongperiodscantoleratejetlagbetterthan

ertravelersalsotendtogethitharderthantheyoungbyjetlag.16.

Whatshouldwedotodealwithjetlagaccordingtothepassage?h

improvementcanaproperamountofsleepmaketotheathletes’performance?18.

Whichofthefollowinggroupcantoleratejetlagbetterthanothers?

17．

A．Takeanapfor15to30minutes.

B．Uacombinationofnapandcaffeine.

C．Haveacupofcoffeethreetimesaday.

D．Doexerciwhenfeelingtired.

正確答案：B

18．

A．About13%.

B．About15%.

C．About30%.

D．About50%.

正確答案：C

19．

A．Professionalathletes.

B．Amateurathletes.

C．Peoplewhooftentravel.

D．Peoplewhooftenlacksleep.

正確答案：D

聽力原文：Expertsinthefoodindustryarethinkingalotabouttrashthe

days.(19)Restaurants,colleges,hospitalsandotherinstitutionsaretryingtolowerthe

etrackingtheirtrashwithsoftwaresystems,

y

30%offoodintheUnitedStatesgoestowaste,costingsome$48billionannually.A

recentstudyestimatedthat40to50percentoffoodintheUnitedStateswaswasted.

FreshmanstudentsatVirginiaTechweresurpridthisyearwhentheyenteredtwoof

thecampus’dent

saidwithouttrays,studentstooklessfoodanddidn’teatmorethanthey

should.(20)Gettingridoftrayshascutfoodwasteby38%me

phenomenonoftenhappensatOregon’avelers

oftenthrowhalf-eatenmealsintotrashcansandtheairportmustpaythecitytohaul

airportiscarryingoutaprogramtoinstallfood-onlytrash

dwasteiscollectedandgiventothecitytouin

agriculture.(21)Besidesbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,thechangesmaysavethe

sabout$82tohaveonetonoftrashhauled,butfoodwaste

costsonlyabout$gbackonthewastecanrequirespending

resoftwaresystemsthattrackfoodbeing

etersonistheheadchefattheMGMGrandHotel.(22)Hewas

surpridwhenheinstalledthesoftwaresystemandsawthevalueoffoodthatwas

osts,Petersondecidedtoreducervingsizes.19.

Whatisthemainaimforpeoplepayingattentiontofoodwaste?he

dininghallsinVirginiaTechhavenotrays?’sthepurpoofinstalling

food-onlytrashcansattheairport?thesoftwaresystemhelpreducethe

foodwaste?

20．

A．Toreducethecostsofwaste.

B．Tokeeptheairportcleanandtidy.

C．Toshortenthetimeofdealingwithtrash.

D．Toremindthepasngertoproducelesstrash.

正確答案：A

21．

A．Theywanttoreducecosts.

B．Studentsthereneverwastefood.

C．Theywanttoreducefoodwaste.

D．Theuniversitywantstobuysoftwareinstead.

正確答案：C

22．

A．Tolowerthecostsofhaulingfoodwaste.

B．Tosavemorefoodfortheworld.

C．Tokeepthediningroomclean.

D．Toreducetheeffortsofcooking.

正確答案：A

23．

A．Itcanstoremeasuresofhowtosavefood.

B．Itcancalculatethetotalamountoffoodoffered.

C．Itcanhelppeoplerealizethevalueofwastedfood.

D．Itcanconnectthefoodneededwiththenumberofcustomers.

正確答案：C

聽力原文：Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreated

unfairly?Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecauthesalesmantalkedyouinto

it?Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate?(23)Manypeopleareafraidtoasrt

Alberti,authorof“StandUp,SpeakOut,andTalkBack,”

thinksit’sbecautheirlf-respectislow.“There’salwaysa‘superior’around:a

parent,ateacher,abosswho‘knowsbetter’.“ButAlbertiandotherscientistsare

fer“Asrtiveness

Training”Tcourspeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobe

arntobe

ay,learningtospeakoutisto

overcomefear.(24)AgrouptakinganATcourwillhelpthetimidpersontolohis

fear.(25)Itusanevenstrongermotive—idpersonspeaks

rornotyouspeakup

oneyoufaceismore“important”

thanyou,shouldyou?ATsays

eyoudo,youcanlearntospeak

theproblemthespeakermainlytalksabout?suggestedto

timidpeopletoovercometheirproblems?thecontentofanATcour?

24．

A．Somepeoplearetreatedunfairly.

B．Somepeoplebuythingstheydonotwant.

C．Therearemanysuperiorsaroundus.

D．Somepeopledonotthinkhighlyenoughofthemlves.

正確答案：D

25．

A．i.

B．Togotoeasuperior.

C．TotakeATcours.

D．Tospeakoutforthemlves.

正確答案：C

26．

A．i’slecture.

B．Sharingone’sfeelingwithothers.

C．Talkingwithasuperior.

D．Chattingwithotherpeople.

正確答案：B

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Theydrivehybridcars,iftheydriveatall,shopatlocalstores,iftheyshop

atallandpayofftheircreditcardverymonth,y

have【C1】______income,buttheylivebelowtheirmeans,inaconsciouffortto

tread【C2】______eanewbreedof“generation”,Youngand

WealthybutNormal,onym(首字母縮略詞)comesfromThe

SundayTelegraphofLondon,whichnotedthatanincreasingnumberofrichyoung

Britonsare【C3】______aware,concernedabouttheenvironmentandgivenlessto

【C4】______ounddull,buttheyarethe

newmoversandshakers,their【C5】______emenandwomenin

their20s,30sand40swhowantnothinglessthanto【C6】______theworldandsave

anBlagsvedt,who【C7】______fromSeattletoIndiain2004to

yyoungchildrenbegging

onthestreets,BlagsvedtquitMicrosoftand【C8】______twonetworkingsites,

,tolinkIndia’svastpoolof【C9】______workerswith

gergoal—toreduce【C10】______.The

high-techworldhasproducedsomeYawns,butmoreandmoreareappearinginevery

,Yawnsareasubtofagrowingglobalmovementofthe

eco-sociallyaware.A)changeI)lightlyB)consciouslyJ)movedC)consuming

K)overturnD)crucialL)potentialE)desiresM)povertyF)disposable

N)sociallyG)dreamsO)trackedH)launched

27．【C1】

正確答案：F

解析：空格位于謂語(yǔ)mayhave之后、賓語(yǔ)income之前，故應(yīng)填入形容詞修

飾income。but轉(zhuǎn)折句指出，他們卻過(guò)著低于自己財(cái)富水平的生活，暗示前半句

說(shuō)明他們有足夠的收入，disposablein—come意為“可支配收入”，故空格處應(yīng)

填入disposable“可支配的，可使用的”。備選的形容詞中，crucial意為“重要的，

關(guān)鍵的”；potential意為“潛在的”，均不符合文意，故排除。

28．【C2】

正確答案：I

解析：空格位于動(dòng)詞tread與介詞短語(yǔ)ontheearth之間，故應(yīng)填入副詞修飾

tread。前一句說(shuō)這些人有足夠的收入，卻過(guò)著低于自己財(cái)富水平的生活，介詞短

語(yǔ)表目的，說(shuō)明他們這樣做是為了有意識(shí)地“輕踩大地”，可以引申理解為：為

了保護(hù)地球。故空格處應(yīng)填入lightly“輕輕地”。備選的副詞中，consciously意

為“有意識(shí)地”；socially意為“社會(huì)地，在社會(huì)中”，均不符合文意，故排除。

29．【C3】

正確答案：N

解析：空格位于系動(dòng)詞are與表語(yǔ)形容詞aware之間，故應(yīng)填入副詞修飾

aware。根據(jù)上下文可知，越來(lái)越多年輕富有的英國(guó)人都關(guān)注環(huán)境，說(shuō)明他們有

社會(huì)意識(shí)，故空格應(yīng)填入socially“社會(huì)地，在社會(huì)中”。備選副詞consciously

意為“有意識(shí)地”，與aware意思相近，故排除。

30．【C4】

正確答案：C

解析：空格位于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)givento的后面，to為介詞，故應(yīng)填入名詞或動(dòng)名

詞，因than構(gòu)成比較時(shí)，前后語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，所以可以由動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)giving

moneytocharity判斷空格處最好為動(dòng)名詞。文章前兩段都提到這群人的簡(jiǎn)樸生

活，本句還強(qiáng)調(diào)越來(lái)越多年輕富有的英國(guó)人有社會(huì)意識(shí)，關(guān)注環(huán)境，捐給慈善機(jī)

構(gòu)的錢應(yīng)該是比自己消費(fèi)的要多，故空格處應(yīng)填consuming“消費(fèi)”。備選的名

詞中，desires“欲望”、dreams“夢(mèng)想”和poverty“貧困”從語(yǔ)法形式上和語(yǔ)義

上都與原文不相符，故均排除。

31．【C5】

正確答案：G

解析：空格位于獨(dú)立主格部分，故應(yīng)填入名詞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容推測(cè)，他們要

做savetheplanet這樣的事情，所以bigandbold的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是夢(mèng)想，故空格里應(yīng)

填入dreams“夢(mèng)想”。備選的名詞中，de—sires“欲望”偏貶義，排除；poverty

“貧困”不符合文意，排除。

32．【C6】

正確答案：A

解析：空格位于不定式to的后面，與savetheplanet中的動(dòng)詞save構(gòu)成并列，

故空格中應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。上文說(shuō)，這群被稱作Yawns的人有著遠(yuǎn)大的夢(mèng)想，

再根據(jù)本句中and后的并列短語(yǔ)推測(cè)，他們想要做的是改變世界和拯救地球，故

空格中應(yīng)填入change“改變”。備選的動(dòng)詞原形overturn意為“推翻”，不符合文

意，故排除。

33．【C7】

正確答案：J

解析：空格出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)who后面，應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)空

格后介詞短語(yǔ)fromSeattletoIndia，in2004，可以推斷空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

式。不定式提到Blagsvedt從西雅圖到印度的目的是幫助在當(dāng)?shù)亟⑽④浹邪l(fā)辦

公室，故空格中應(yīng)填入moved“搬家”。備選的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式中，launched“發(fā)起，

開辦”和tracked“追蹤”，均不符合文意，故均排除。

34．【C8】

正確答案：H

解析：空格位于and后面，與動(dòng)詞quit構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因本句闡述的

是2004年的事情，quit是過(guò)去式，故此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)義

關(guān)系，Blagsvedt辭掉了微軟的工作，然后開辦了babajob．com和babalife．com

兩家網(wǎng)站，故空格中應(yīng)填入launched“開辦，發(fā)起”。備選的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式tracked

意為“追蹤”，不符合文意，故排除。

35．【C9】

正確答案：L

解析：空格位于of所有格結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞前，故應(yīng)填入形容詞修飾該名詞。該

句中，不定式表目的，說(shuō)設(shè)立網(wǎng)站的目的是為了把印度大量的工人與需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力

的人連接起來(lái)，結(jié)合上下文，這些工人必然是指那些在等待機(jī)會(huì)的待崗工人，也

就是潛在的勞動(dòng)力，故空格里應(yīng)填入potential“潛在的”。備選的形容嗣crucial

意為“關(guān)鍵的”，不符合文意，故排除。

36．【C10】

正確答案：M

解析：空格位于動(dòng)詞后面，基本可斷定應(yīng)填入名詞作reduce的賓語(yǔ)。因上

文提到，Blagsv—edt受街上乞討兒童的觸動(dòng)，開設(shè)了兩家網(wǎng)站幫助待崗工人找

工作，可以推斷：這樣做的更大日標(biāo)是減少貧困，故空格中應(yīng)填入poverty“貧

困”。

SectionB

CreativeDestructionofHigherEducationA)Highereducationisone

soncetheprivilegeofafew

hasbecomeamiddle-clasntitlement,3.

modernworlduniversitiesaredevelopingrapidly:Chinahasaddednearly30million

businesshaschangedlittlesinceAristotletaughtatthe

AthenianLyceum(雅典學(xué)院):youngstudentsstillgatherataspecifictimeandplace

tolistentothewisdomofscholars.B)Atprent,arevolutionhasbegun,thanksto

threeforces:risingcosts,ultwillbethe

hepricesofcars,computersandmuchel

havegreatlyfallen,universitieshavebeenabletochargeevermoreforthesame

rvicebecautheyareprotectedbypublicfundingandthehighvalueemployers

decadesthecostofgoingtocollegeinAmericahasrinby

1.6percentagepointsmorethaninflationeveryyear.C)Formoststudents,the

allifetimeincomefromobtainingacollege

degree,innet-prent-value(凈現(xiàn)值)terms,canincreaasmuchas$590,

increasingnumberofstudentshavegonedeepintodebt,especiallythe47%in

Americaand28%hem,the

governmentbecomesmore

icagovernmentfundingper

studentfellby27%between2007and2012,whileaveragetuitionfees,adjustedfor

inflation,roby20%.InBritain,tuitionfeesclotozerotwodecadesagocan

reach$15,000ayear.D)

thestandardmodelofhighereducation,e

omationisbeginningtohavethe

ingtoastudy

fromOxfordUniversity,47%ofoccupationsareatriskofbeingautomatedinthenext

vationwipesoutsomejobsandchangesothers,peoplewillneed

totopuptheirhumancapitalallthroughtheirlives.E)Bythemlves,thetwoforces

—technology—ernet,whichhas

turnedbusinessfromnewspapersthroughmusictobooksaleupsidedown,willturn

MOOC,or“MassiveOpenOnlineCour”,is

offeringstudentsthechancetolistentostarlecturersandgetadegreeforafractionof

tartedin2008:however,theyhavesofar

ybecauthereisnoformalsystemof

accreditation(認(rèn)證),sischangingasprivate

vider,Courra,claimsover8

itscoursarefree,itreceiveditsfirst$1millionin

incomeslastyearafterintroducingtheoptiontopayafeeofbetween$30and$100

r,Udacity,hasteamedupwithAT&Tand

GeorgiaTechtoofferanonlinemaster’sdegreeincomputing,atlessthanathirdof

dBusinessSchoolwillsoonofferanonline

“pre-MBA”for$1,ckshasofferedtohelppayforitsstafftotakeonline

degreeswithArizonaStateUniversity.F)MOOCswilldestroydifferentuniversitiesin

ofgreat

ambitionwillalwayswanttogotothebestuniversitiestomeeteachother,andthe

digita

inary

emarketforhigher

educationtoperforminfutureasthatfornewspapershasdoneoverthepastdecadeor

two,universities’incomeswouldfallbymorethanhalf,employmentintheindustry

woulddropbynearly30%

restwouldneedtoadjustthemlvestosurvive.G)Likeallrevolutions,theonetaking

wnsandcitiesrelyon

waysMOOCswillfurthermakethedifferencebothamong

entedstudentswillbemuchmorecomfortable

tarlecturerswill

earnafortune,totheangeroftheirlesscharmingcolleagues.H)Politicianswillcome

ouldrememberthatstatespending

shouldbenefitsocietyasawhole,

tsintherich

world

,another

provider,

modernworldonlinecoursalsoofferawayforcountrieslikeBraziltogoahead

cationhas

nowbecomeaglobalmarket:theMassachuttsInstituteofTechnologydiscovered

BattushigMyanganbayar,aremarkablytalentedMongolianteenager,throughan

onlineelectronicscour.I)Ratherthanmaintainingtheoldmodel,governments

ndosobysupportingcommon

il,forinstance,studentscompletingcourstakea

Westerncountriesitwouldlikewimakento

haveasingle,nganancient

oespromibettereducationformanymore

haveneedandopportunitysoneatlycometogether.

37．Theintroductionofautomationaffectsthelabordemandandthenbrings

abouttherevolutionofhighereducation.

正確答案：D

38．Theweakerstudentsandthelessattractiveteacherswillsufferfromthe

innovationofhighereducation.

正確答案：G

39．MOOCsareimprovinginthatprivateinvestorsandexistinguniversitiesare

engagedinthem.

正確答案：E

40．Asforthostudentswhodonotcompletetheircour,theuniversity

degreeisdefinitelynotworth$590,000.

正確答案：C

41．Despitearapidincreainthenumberofuniversitygraduates,higher

educationhashadlittledifferencesinceitsbeginning.

正確答案：A

42．Governmentsaresuppodtosupportcommonstandardstocertifyonline

coursofhighereducation.

正確答案：I

43．Inordertoavoidthefailure,ordinaryuniversitiesneedtoadaptthemlves

tothedigitaleconomy.

正確答案：F

44．Thankstoonlinecours,studentsmayapproachhighereducationmuch

morecheaplyandconveniently.

正確答案：H

45．Duetotheprotectionofpublicfundingandtheemployers’emphasison

degrees,universitystudentsinAmericapayforarisingexpen.

正確答案：B

46．Mostlybecauofthelackofformalrecognition,theratesofquittingon

MOOCshavebeenhigh.

正確答案：E

SectionC

Millionsofteenagersareindangerofputtingtheirhealthatriskbygetting

hookedone-cigarettes,ghealthrearcherssaytheyare“very

concerned”bythegrowingnumberofyoungsterstryingthedevicesasamajornew

studyrevealsoneinfiveteenagershasaccesdthem.E-cigaretteshavebeen

vious

rearchshow-cigarettesgeneratepoisonouschemicalssimilartothofoundin

ngly,rearchersat

LiverpoolJohnMooresUniversitydiscovered16%ofteenagerswhohaveud

ertsalsofounde-cigaretteswere

“stronglyrelated”llis

warnedthatsuch“rapidpenetrationintoteenagecultureofwhatisntiallyanew

drug-uoptioniswithoutprecedent(先例).“Headded:“Ourrearchsuggeststhat

ebateon

e-cigaretteshasfocudlargelyonwhetherornottheyactasagatewaytotobacco

cigaretteu,e-cigarettesthemlvescontainahighlyaddictive(上癮的)drugthat

mayhavemoreriousandlongerlastingimpactsonchildrenbecautheirbrainsare

stilldeveloping.“Rearcherssurveyed16,000studentsaged14to17inthe

foundthatoneinfiveansweredyestothequestion:“Haveyoueverboughtortried

electroniccigarettes?”Moremalesthanfemalessaidtheyhad,andthefigure

eenagersthat

hadaccesde-cigarettes,16%hadneversmoked,23%hadtriedsmokingbutdidnot

likeit,36%wereregularsmokers,12%onlysmokedwhendrinking,and14%were

earch,publishedinjournalBMCPublicHealth,alsofound

teenagerswhodrankalcoholweresignificantlymorelikelytohaveaccesd

howhohadneversmoked,itwasfound

thatthowhoregularlyhaveexcessivedrinkingwerefourtimesmorelikelyto

fthothatdrink,regardlessof

smokingstatus,e-cigaretteaccesswasassociatedwithexcessivedrinkingand

earcherssaidtheirfindingssuggest

thatteenagerswhoue-cigarettesaremostsusceptible(易受影響的)tootherforms

ofsubstanceuandrisk-takingbehaviour.

47．Howhavee-cigarettesbeenpromotedinthemarket?

A．Asadevicemeetingthephysicalandmentalneedsofsmokers.

B．Asaproductpreventingsmokersfromusingtobaccoproducts.

C．Asamuchhealthiersubstitutefortraditionalcigarettes.

D．Asanewdevicepromotedamongyoungsters.

正確答案：C

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查電子煙在市場(chǎng)上推廣的信息。由定位句可知，

電子煙已經(jīng)被作為比傳統(tǒng)香煙更健康的一種替代品推向市場(chǎng)。C)是對(duì)定位句的同

義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。A)“作為滿足吸煙者身體和精神需求的一種裝置”和D)“作

為一種在年輕人當(dāng)中推廣的新裝置”，在原文均未提及，故排除；B)“作為防止

吸煙者使用煙草制品的一種產(chǎn)品”是對(duì)本段首句的曲解，alternative意為“供替

代的選擇”，B)與此不符，故排除。

48．Whatdowelearnaboute-cigarettes?

A．Theycontainthechemicalmattersidenticalwithtobacco.

B．Theyhavestrongtieswithdrinkingamongteenagers.

C．Theyactasanapproachtotobaccocigaretteu.

D．Theyareavailableinthegrocerystores.

正確答案：B

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)電子煙的了解。第三段第二句提到，專家們

還發(fā)現(xiàn)電子煙與青少年飲酒“密切相關(guān)”。B)項(xiàng)中的havestrongtieswith是原文

中were“stronglyrelated”to的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B)。A)“電子煙含有與煙草

相同的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”是對(duì)第二段第二句的曲解，原文說(shuō)的是電子煙產(chǎn)生的有毒化學(xué)

物質(zhì)與在煙草中發(fā)現(xiàn)的類似，而不是相同，故排除；C)“電子煙充當(dāng)一種使用煙

草香煙的途徑”是針對(duì)第三段末句中whetherornottheyactasagatewaytotobacco

cigaretteu設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，原文并沒有如此肯定地表達(dá)，故排除；D)“電子煙

能夠在雜貨店買到”，原文并未提及，故排除。

49．llis,______.

A．e-cigarettescontainsomethingaddictivewhichhasalongstandingeffecton

kids

B．e-cigarettesmaybeharmfultothelungsandimmunesystem

C．theuofe-cigarettespenetratesintoyouthcultureasrapidlyasotherdrug

us

D．e-cigarettesmaketeenagerswhohaveneversmokedbeforestartsmoking

正確答案：A

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查馬克·貝里斯教授的觀點(diǎn)。第三段末句提到，

雖然關(guān)于電子煙的爭(zhēng)論主要集中在其是否是一種通往使用煙草香煙的途徑，但電

子煙本身含有非常容易上癮的藥物，可能對(duì)孩子造成更嚴(yán)重、更持久的影響，因

為他們的大腦還在發(fā)育。A)是對(duì)該段末句大意的概括，故為答案。B)“電子煙可

能對(duì)肺部和免疫系統(tǒng)有害”是先前的研究結(jié)果，并不是馬克·貝里斯教授的觀點(diǎn)，

故排除；C)“電子煙的使用滲透到青少年文化的速度和其他藥物使用一樣快”是

對(duì)本段第三句的曲解。原文中withoutprecedent意為“史無(wú)前例的”，并非“一

樣的”，故排除；D)“電子煙使得以前從不吸煙的青少年開始吸煙”是利物浦約

翰摩爾斯大學(xué)的研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)，而非馬克·貝里斯教授的觀點(diǎn)，故排除。

50．WhatdowelearnfromthesurveymadeamongstudentsintheNorthWest

ofEngland?

A．E-cigarettesarenowwidelyavailableandheavilypromoted.

B．Thenumberofadultcigarettesmokersisdroppingatprent.

C．Teenagersareveryknowledgeableaboutalcoholandtobaccou.

D．E-cigaretteaccessislinkedtoexcessivedrinkingandviolenceafterit.

正確答案：D

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)英格蘭西北部學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查的情況。原文最

后一段倒數(shù)第二句指出，在那些喝酒的所有人中，不論吸煙狀況如何，電子煙的

使用與過(guò)度飲酒和酒后參與暴力活動(dòng)相關(guān)聯(lián)。D)是本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。

A)“電子煙現(xiàn)在廣泛普及和推廣”、B)“成人吸煙的人數(shù)目前正在下降”和C)

“青少年對(duì)于酒精和煙草的使用很在行”，原文均未提及，故均排除。

51．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

A．Expertsareconcernedaboutexcessivedrinkinginteenagers.

B．Theharmofe-cigarettesisgreaterthanthatofalcohol.

C．Teenagersareindangerofriskingtheirhealthone-cigarettes.

D．Rearchersareawareofsmoke-relatedhealthhazards.

正確答案：C

解析：主旨大意題。本題考查的是全文的主旨大意。原文第一段指出，專家

警告說(shuō)，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的青少年沉迷于電子煙，這使他們的健康受到威脅。第二、

三段表明了電子煙對(duì)青少年的危害。最后三段指出研究人員對(duì)英格蘭西北部16，

000名14至17歲之間的學(xué)生進(jìn)行的關(guān)于其酒精和煙草的使用情況的調(diào)查，并揭

示了調(diào)查結(jié)果。由此可知，本文主要闡述了青少年沉迷于電子煙，危及他們的健

康。C)是對(duì)全文的最佳概括，故為答案。A)“專家關(guān)心青少年的過(guò)度飲酒問(wèn)題”

和D)“研究人員注意到了與吸煙相關(guān)的健康危害”都是文章提及的部分內(nèi)容，

屬于以偏概全，故排除；B)“電子煙的危害大于酒精”，原文未提及，屬于無(wú)中

生有，故排除。

Neverbeforehassomuchmoneybeenmadebyasinglefirminsuchashort

ary27thTimCook,thebossofApple,announcedthatithad

made$’stelephone-number-sizedprofit

stemmedlargelyfromsalesofitshugelypopulariPhone,whichaccountedforover

two-thirdsofits$xecutivesrarelyadmittobeingshocked

bytheircompanies’performance,iditwas“hardtocomprehend”the

extentoftheinterestinApple’dthat,onaverage,34,000iPhones

sthe

world’slargestcompanybymarketcapitalisation(總值)aswellasitsmostprofitable.

Strikingly,ithasrintogreatnessusingaratherold-fashionedbusinessmodel:

llinghighlydesirableobjectsatfatgrossmargins,whichhitalmost40%inthe

hindustryhasbrednumeroussoftware-badfirms,suchas

GoogleandFacebook,thatdon’thavetoworryaboutshiftinggoodsaround,yetthey

handleslotsofphysical

goods,rthingthattsAppleapartfromthetechpackis

ivalshavebeenfrustratedthere,Applehas

justbecomethelargestforceinChina’ssmartphonemarketmeasuredbyunits

shipped,accordingtoCanalys,lureinChina

pany’soveralldependenceontheiPhoneisanotherrisk.

ButtheareearlydaysfortheiPhone6,Apple’slatestdevice,whobiggerscreen

takesthefirmintothe“phablet”(平板手機(jī))categoryoflargerphonesthatarewildly

ansalsopointoutthatApple’sshareofthe

smartphonemarketissmallcomparedwithdevicesusingGoogle’sAndroidoperating

idthisweekthatits

arinofCreative

Strategies,aconsultingfirm,thinksApplecouldll22m-24minthefirst12months

afterthelaunch,ein,a

rearchfirm,reckonsthewatcheswillhaveahigher-than-averagegrossmargin,

houldbeabletomakemoremoneyfromsoftware

andrvices,too.

52．AlargepartofApple’sfatprofitcomesfrom______.

A．thesalesofitssmartwatch

B．thesalesofitssoftware

C．thesalesofitsrvice

D．thesalesofitsiPhone

正確答案：D

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查蘋果公司巨額收益來(lái)源的信息。由定位句可知，

蘋果公司的巨額利潤(rùn)中很大部分都來(lái)源于它旗下十分受歡迎的iPhone手機(jī)，公

司746億美元收入中，iPhone手機(jī)占了2／3多。故D)為答案。A)“智能手表的

銷售”、B)“軟件的銷售”和C)“服務(wù)的銷售”，原文均未提及，故排除。

53．’swordsinPara.1inorderto______.

A．showhowpopulariPhoneis

B．showhowmuchmoneyApplemakes

C．revealhowsmartchiefexecutivesare

D．revealhowthecompanyisrun

正確答案：A

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查作者引用庫(kù)克先生所說(shuō)的話的意圖。該段倒數(shù)

第二句提到，首席執(zhí)行官們很少承認(rèn)對(duì)公司的表現(xiàn)表示震驚，但庫(kù)克先生卻表示

市場(chǎng)對(duì)蘋果產(chǎn)品的著迷程度讓他“難以理解”。接著在本段最后一句指出，他特

別提到，在最近的財(cái)務(wù)季度期間，平均每天的每個(gè)小時(shí)都要賣出去34，000臺(tái)

iPhone手機(jī)。由此推測(cè)，作者引用庫(kù)克先生所說(shuō)的話旨在表明iPhone手機(jī)的受

歡迎程度，故答案為A)。B)“顯示蘋果公司賺了多少錢”、C)“顯示首席執(zhí)行官

們有多聰明”和D)“顯示公司是如何運(yùn)營(yíng)的”都不是作者的真正意圖，故排除。

54．Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

A．Apple’sonlinestoreofsoftwareappsisalwaysbusy

B．Apple’ssmartwatchwillreduceitsdependenceontheiPhone

C．shiftinggoodsaroundeatsawayatAmazon’sprofits

D．theoutlookofsoftware-badfirmsisquiteuncertain

正確答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。本題考查對(duì)全文內(nèi)容的推理分析。第二段最后兩句提到，

科技行業(yè)培育出了眾多以軟件為基礎(chǔ)的公司，如谷歌和臉譜，它們不必?fù)?dān)心貨物

流通，但它們賺的錢比“庫(kù)比蒂諾的巨無(wú)霸”(庫(kù)比蒂諾，蘋果公司總部，位于

美國(guó)舊金山)要少得多。而亞馬遜處理大量的實(shí)體產(chǎn)品，卻處于虧本狀態(tài)。由此

可知，處理大量的實(shí)體產(chǎn)品使得亞馬遜的收益受損，故C)為答案。A)“蘋果公

司的軟件應(yīng)用程序在線商店總是很忙”，原文并未提及，故排除；文中第四段第

二句提到蘋果公司對(duì)iPhone手機(jī)的全面依賴無(wú)疑是另一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而B)“蘋果公

司的智能手表將降低公司對(duì)iPhone手機(jī)的依賴”是對(duì)原文的錯(cuò)誤推斷，智能手

表的推出與蘋果公司對(duì)iPhone手機(jī)的全面依賴無(wú)關(guān)，故排除；第二段提到了眾

多以軟件為基礎(chǔ)的公司，如谷歌、臉譜，并對(duì)它們的收入狀況進(jìn)行了介紹，但并

未描述這些公司的前景，因此D)“以軟件為基礎(chǔ)的公司前景十分不確定”屬于

過(guò)度推斷，故排除。

55．WhatmakesApplestandoutfromothertechfirms?

A．ThetotalsalesofiPhonesallovertheworld.

B．ItssuccessfuloccupationofmarketshareinChina.

C．Noshiftingofgoodsaround.

D．Itsconstantdevelopingofnewproducts.

正確答案：B

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查蘋果公司脫穎而出的因素。定位句提到，另一

個(gè)使得蘋果公司在技術(shù)行業(yè)中脫穎而出的因素在于其對(duì)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的成功占領(lǐng)。

B)是本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。A)“iPhone手機(jī)在全世界的總銷量”和D)“不

斷開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“沒有貨物流通”是針對(duì)第二段中

don’thavetoworryaboutshiftinggoodsaround設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，原文講的是科技行

業(yè)培育出的眾多以軟件為基礎(chǔ)的公司不必?fù)?dān)心貨物流通，而這并非蘋果公司脫穎

而出的因素，故排除。

56．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A．ThemarketshareofApple’ssmartphoneissmallcomparedwithAndroid

devices.

B．SalesofiPhonesaremorethanmarket-watchershaveexpected.

C．CustomersalwayschooApplewhentheyupgradetheirsmartphones.

D．ThesoftwareandrvicesofApple’sonlinestorearefree.

正確答案：A

解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句指出，一部分“果粉”還指出，與

使用谷歌的安卓操作系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備相比，蘋果的智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)占有率還算小的。因

此，蘋果手機(jī)還有很大的增長(zhǎng)空間。A)是對(duì)本句大意的概括，故為答案。原文第

一段末句提到，在最近的財(cái)務(wù)季度期間，平均每天的每個(gè)小時(shí)都要賣出去34，

000臺(tái)iPhone手機(jī)，但B)“iPhone手機(jī)的銷量超過(guò)了市場(chǎng)觀望者的預(yù)期”，原文

并未提及，故排除；C)“當(dāng)顧客要更新智能手機(jī)時(shí)，他們總是選擇蘋果”，原文

未提及，故排除；原文末段末句提到蘋果公司也應(yīng)該能在軟件和服務(wù)方面賺得更

多的錢，由此可知，D)“蘋果在線商店的軟件和服務(wù)是免費(fèi)的”是不正確的，故

排除。

PartⅣTranslation

57．職業(yè)教育是指讓受教育者獲得和提高從事某種職業(yè)所必需的知識(shí)

和技能的教育。相較于基礎(chǔ)教育而言，職業(yè)教育側(cè)重于實(shí)踐技能和專業(yè)技能的培

養(yǎng)，為學(xué)生提供良好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，為國(guó)家提供更多更專業(yè)的人才。它是國(guó)家高等

教育不可或缺的重要部分，是促使高等教育走向大眾化的重要因素。因此，大力

發(fā)展職業(yè)教育已成為推進(jìn)中國(guó)工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化的迫切需要。

正確答案：Vocationaleducationreferstotheonethathelpstheeducated

mantoobtainknowledgeandimprovehisskillsnecessaryforspecificjobs.

Comparedtotheelementaryeducation,vocationaleducationfocusonthe

idesthestudentswithgood

chancestogetajob,onal

educationisanindispensablepartofnationalhighereducation,andisanimportant

ore,thereisanurgent

needtovigorouslydevelopthevocationaleducationforChina’sindustrializationand

modernization.

解析：1．第一句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主干部分為“職業(yè)教育是指……的教育”，

而“讓受教育者獲得和提高從事某種職業(yè)所必需的知識(shí)和技能”這一部分作為先

行詞“教育”的定語(yǔ)，該部分太長(zhǎng)，翻譯時(shí)不宜將其置于先行詞前面，因此翻譯

時(shí)可將其后置。前面主干部分可譯為Vocationaleducationreferstotheonethat…，

或者譯為Vocationaleducationisaneducationthat…；“受教育者”譯為theeducated

man。2．第二句是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句且逗號(hào)較多，因此翻譯時(shí)需要斷句。前面兩個(gè)分句

主要是將職業(yè)教育和基礎(chǔ)教育進(jìn)行對(duì)比，而后面兩個(gè)分句闡述的是職業(yè)教育的功

能。因此，可以將原文拆分成兩部分進(jìn)行翻譯。“相較于”的慣用表達(dá)方式是

comparedto；“基礎(chǔ)教育”譯為theelementaryeducation；“側(cè)重于”可譯為focus

on；“實(shí)踐技能和專業(yè)技能的培養(yǎng)”譯為thecultivationofpracticalandprofessional

techniques。后面兩個(gè)分句單獨(dú)成句，主語(yǔ)為“職業(yè)教育”，但在翻譯時(shí)使用代詞

it指代即可。“提供良好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)”可以譯為provide…withgoodchancestogeta

job，后一個(gè)“提供”可以直譯為provide，也可以將其含義進(jìn)一步引申，譯為train。

3．第三句主語(yǔ)為“它”，但在翻譯時(shí)需要代詞明確化，即“職業(yè)教育”。“不可或

缺的”譯為indispensable；“高等教育”譯為highereducation；“促使高等教育走

向大眾化”可譯為promotehighereducationtobepopularized。4．第四句是整段

話的總結(jié)，“迫切需要”是這句話的評(píng)論性語(yǔ)言，而“大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育已成為

推進(jìn)中國(guó)工業(yè)化、理代化的”闡述的是另一種事實(shí)。根據(jù)英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣，漢語(yǔ)常

常將評(píng)論性語(yǔ)言或重要的內(nèi)容置于句尾，而英語(yǔ)恰好相反，因此翻譯時(shí)先譯“迫

切需要”，使用therebe句型。“迫切需要”譯為urgentneed；“大力發(fā)展”譯為

vigorouslydevelop；“工業(yè)化”譯為industrialization；“現(xiàn)代化”譯為modernization。