空間想象力(空間想象力差說明智力差嗎)

9個每日活動能提升你的空間智能

9 Everyday Activities to Increa Your Spatial Intelligence

建筑師設(shè)計并組織空間，可以說，沒有空間，就沒有建筑。因此空間智能對建筑師的重要性不言而喻。空間智能，是指準(zhǔn)確感知視覺空間及周圍一切事物，并且能把所感覺到的形象以圖畫的形式表現(xiàn)出來的能力。幸運(yùn)的是，空間智能是可以通過訓(xùn)練習(xí)得并提升的，不是天生就注定的或通過父母遺傳而獲得的。練習(xí)的越多，進(jìn)步也就越大。所以為何不讓這訓(xùn)練變的有趣且簡單，簡單到甚至在日常生活中就能訓(xùn)練。本文就為大家介紹9項可以提高你的空間智能日常活動，從繪畫到語言甚至是游戲。

Architects design and organize spaces; without space, there is no architecture. So it goes without saying, therefore, that spatial intelligence is of high importance to architects. Luckily for us, spatial intelligence is not something you’re inherently gifted at or just “born with,” it’s something that can be trained and improved through practice. More practice means more advancement, so why not make it enjoyable and easy—easy enough even to do in your everyday life? From drawing to speaking to engaging in play, here are 9 everyday activities to improve your spatial intelligence.

1. 使用空間的詞匯

研究表明讓孩子多接觸大量的空間詞匯能增強(qiáng)他們的空間智能。在你的日常生活中嘗試著使用更為精確的空間描述代替“這里”、“那里”，例如“櫥柜頂端的右邊”，或者“左起第三個盒子后面”。既便于像他人描述，你又會自發(fā)地想象空間。一個句子的基本構(gòu)成就能提高你的空間智能。

1. Using Spatial Vocabulary

Some studies indicate that exposing children to a wide variety of spatial vocabulary increas their spatial intelligence.[1] Instead of using “here” or “there” in your everyday language, try being more specific in your spatial descriptions, such as “on the top shelf of the cupboard to the right,” or “the third to the left behind the box”. It will make you visualize the spaces yourlf in order to describe it to others, an esntial component to increasing your spatial intelligence.

2. 下棋

下棋時提前想好接下來的幾步棋，總是個不錯的策略。但是要做到這個，你必須在不移動任何棋子的情況下，想象后面每一步，不斷變化的棋盤排列。在腦海里同時形成并記憶多個空間組合需要大量的聯(lián)系，但也是在要比較多個選擇時所需要的技能。

3. 玩樂高積木

提到“空間探索”，你或許也會聯(lián)想到樂高積木。沒有比手里拿著樂高的模塊零件然后想出具有創(chuàng)意的拼接方式更有趣的游戲了。如今，如果你想到一個足夠有趣的樂高拼接組合，可以大量投入生產(chǎn)，讓其他人來自我挑戰(zhàn)。

2. Playing Chess

Thinking a few steps ahead is always a good strategy when playing chess. However, in order to do this, you must visualize the changing composition of the board, step by step, without moving a single chess piece. Generating and retaining multiple spatial combinations in your mind at once takes a lot of practice, but is a great skill when needing to compare veral options.

3. Playing with LEGO

Think “spatial exploration” and you’ll probably also think “LEGO.” No fun activity is more spatially educational than actually holding modular elements in your hands and coming up with creative ways of putting them together. The days, if you come up with a spatial combination that is interesting enough, it could even be put into production for others to spatially challenge themlves.

4. 使用記憶宮殿

很多人主張空間和記憶在本質(zhì)上是相關(guān)聯(lián)的，記憶宮殿顯然支持這一說法。比如在心里走過一系列的空間，比如你的公寓，你把物體、數(shù)字、名字和一連串的東西和個人空間聯(lián)系在一起。記憶可以變得很有趣從背電話號碼到購物清單，而且這能幫你恢復(fù)空間的習(xí)得知識。

5. 玩電子游戲

空間智能最基本的訓(xùn)練就是在電子或電腦游戲里辨明方向。最近更有一個專門來測試空間感知的游戲。既然我們對建筑的體系如此有興趣，何不嘗試一下樂高積木的線上虛擬版，比如Minecraft？ 那些游戲的積極份子早就完成了一長串的Minecraft里的建筑奇跡，在游戲的世界里，你能不受物理法則限制的，去定義和改變屬于你的空降造物。

4. U Memory Palaces

Many people argue that space and memory are esntially connected, and memory palaces certainly support that argument. By mentally walking through a ries of spaces, such as the rooms in your apartment, you link objects, numbers, names or any list of things you need to remember to the individual spaces. It’s a fun way to remember anything from phone numbers to today’s grocery list, and it trains you to retrieve and recount spatial knowledge.

5. Play Video Games

Navigating through a video or computer game is often ud as one of the primary examples of how to train one’s spatial intelligence. One recently relead game was even designed specifically to test spatial perception; or, eing as we are specifically interested in the discipline of architecture, why not try a virtual parallel to LEGO, such Minecraft? Active members already have a long list of Minecraft spatial wonders, but the unrestricted world allows you to experiment beyond our rules of physics to define and transform your own spatial creations.

6. 遙控?zé)o人機(jī)

如果你厭倦了坐在電腦前玩游戲，控制一架無人駕駛飛機(jī)是一個完美的替代方式。只使用幾個操縱桿就能控制一個飛行物體通過空間，可比它聽起來難的多。無人機(jī)的飛行方向在不斷變化，迫使你要同時引導(dǎo)和跟蹤無人機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)以正確定位它。它是需要你實時進(jìn)行空間預(yù)判。

7. 創(chuàng)建你的城市認(rèn)知地圖

使用谷歌地圖和其他 GPS 系統(tǒng)是很輕松容易的，頻繁使用它們限制了我們創(chuàng)建自己的認(rèn)知地圖的能力。試著克制住下次用app來規(guī)劃路線沖動，而去用你對于城市或當(dāng)?shù)氐牧私鈦順?gòu)建路線。

8. 決難題

或者，如果你離不開你的手機(jī)，嘗試下載能提高你對空間的推理，鍛煉大腦的app，如Lumosity。如果你不使用手機(jī)，把手機(jī)換成別的東西一段時間，試著解決一個魔方。謎題，現(xiàn)實或虛擬的都是對空間智能極好的訓(xùn)練。

6. Fly a Drone

If you’re tired of sitting in front of a computer, flying a drone is a perfect alternative to playing a video game. Steering a flying object through space with just the u of a few joysticks is harder than it sounds. The direction in which the drone is flying is constantly changing, forcing one to simultaneously steer and track the drone’s rotation in order to correctly orient it. It’s a mental rotation test in real time.

7. Create a Mental Map of Your City

Google Maps and other GPS systems that are so easily accessibly on-the-go have limited our abilities to create our own mental maps. Try resisting the urge to plan your route through an app the next time you have an outing, and u your own knowledge of your city or local area to construct your own routes.

8. Solve Puzzles

Alternatively, if you can’t stay away from your phone, try downloading brain testing apps that are designed to improve your spatial reasoning, such as Lumosity. If you can get your hands away from your phone and replaced with something el for a while, try solving a Rubik's Cube. Puzzles, both physical and virtual, can be excellent training for your spatial intelligence.

9. 速寫

最后，作為一個建筑師當(dāng)然離不開速寫和手繪。我們喜歡涂鴉，何不從中學(xué)點(diǎn)什么？試著從各種角度、透視畫一個幾何體的三視圖。可以畫一個讓朋友來解開的復(fù)雜迷宮，比如你公寓的空間記憶平面圖。練得越多做得越好，貴在堅持。所以樂在其中很重要。

圖片：Ariana Zilliacus

9. Sketching

Finally, as architects, we cannot leave out sketching. We all love doodling, so why not get some learning out of it? Try drawing three-dimensional geometry from a variety of angles, perspective exercis, funky mazes for your friends to solve, a memorized plan of your own apartment, or imaginary spaces. The more you practice, the better you become, but consistency is key. That’s why is so important that you have fun doing it.

參考：

Dewar, Gwen. “Spatial Intelligence in Children: Why Training Matters,” 2011-2016.

Lohman, David F. “Spatial Ability and G,” July 8, 1993.

由專筑網(wǎng)嚴(yán)越，韓平編譯

【專筑網(wǎng)版權(quán)與免責(zé)聲明】：本網(wǎng)站注明“來源：專筑網(wǎng)”的所有內(nèi)容版權(quán)屬專筑網(wǎng)所有，如需轉(zhuǎn)載，請注明出處