考研英語一答案

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____年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語試題

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points).

In1924America'sNationalRearchCouncilnttwoengineerstosupervia

riesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledthe

dtheywouldlearnhowstop-floor

lighting____1____workers'd,thestudiended____2____

givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthe

verytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.

Theideaarobecauofthe____4____behaviorofthewomeninthe

ingto____5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutput

rowhenlightingwasincread,ot____6____

whatwasdoneintheexperiment;____7____somethingwaschanged,productivity

ro.A(n)____8____thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponemedtobe

____9____toalterworkers'behavior____10____itlf.

Afterveraldecades,thesamedatawere____11____toeconometricthe

rneexperimentshasanothersurpristore____12____the

descriptionsonrecord,nosystematic____13____wasfoundthatlevelsof

productivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]asssments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incathat[D]solongas

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8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]ntiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconquence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]cead[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:thequestionsbeloweachtext

bychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduring

thepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorable

declineinthescopeandriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageof

fortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmost

nsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof

criticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.

Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswere

oncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

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Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocudnewspaperreviewspublished

inEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,ata

timewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredan

efar-offdays,itwastaken

forgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabout

wasariousbusiness,andeventhoreviewers

whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,could

enbelievedinjournalismasa

calling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshave

brainnoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”

Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontempt

appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”

Unfortunately,eCardus,whowrotefor

theManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnow

hislifetime,though,

hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidely

admiredthathisAutobiography(1947)nightedin

1967,yoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,

andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospect

listictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,and

postmodernreadershavelittleufortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproin

er,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeenin

headlongretreat.

dicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersudtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

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perreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radical

viewpoints.

fthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagree

on?

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

nbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

uldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

TheBilskicainvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthe

eralcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthattheca

wouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,

andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstate

streetBankruling.

ss-methodpatentshaverecentlyaroudconcernbecauof

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[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithast

allocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyover

authorization

fthefollowingistrueoftheBilskica?

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismisdbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

d"about-face"(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaofhostility

[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdignity

nfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increatheincidenceofrisks

fthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

Therearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobrvingaboutsocialinfluence,

withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whooutsizeprence

isprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemost

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influentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'

itisprecilythenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flow

theory,aresuppodtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsand

cialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,

musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,

andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthepeoplehaslittle

leinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremoved

fromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluential

proveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffect

manypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,therearchers

studiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingof

populations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilityto

kshowsthatthe

principalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascades"–thewidespread

propagationofinfluencethroughnetworks–istheprencenotofafewinfluentials

but,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,eachofwhomadopts,say,a

lessofhow

influentialanindividualislocally,heorshecanexertglobalinfluenceonlyifthis

criticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.

ngthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconquencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiverespontosocialepidemics

[D]describetheesntialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.

horsuggeststhatthe"two-step-flowtheory"

[A]rvesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertain

prevalenttrends

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[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

erearchershaveobrvedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritienjoywidemediaattention

erlinedphra"thepeople"inparagraph4referstotheones

who

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers[D]areinfluencedbytheinitial

influential

theesntialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpultoinfluence

others

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]Theinclinationtorelyon

others

Text4

the

scenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneel:theaccountingstandard-tters.

Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousloss,andit's

ulessaytheymustvaluesomeastsatthepriceathirdparty

wouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

heyarguethatmarketpricesoverstateloss,becau

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theylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbad

k'ssharestradebelowtheir

bookvalue,dmarketspartlyreflect

theparalysisofbankswhichwillnotllastsforfearofbookingloss,yetare

reluctanttobuyallthosuppodbargains.

[A]followunfavorableastevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthird

parties

[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheir

asts.

ingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin

[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebanking

system

[C]thebanks'long-termastloss[D]theweakeningofits

independence

ingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattemptto

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.[B]evadethepressurefromtheir

peers.

[C]actontheirowninrule-tting.[D]takegradualmeasuresin

reform.

horthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet"inthatthey

[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators

[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirasts

[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.

[D]deniedbookinglossintheirsaleofasts.

hor'sattitudetowardsstandard-ttersisoneof

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[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:ForQuestions41-45,choothemostsuitableparagraphsfromthe

aphE

soneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefood

anddrinkmarket?ctioningofthemarketisbadonflexible

rwords,itisuptothebuyer,rather

thantheller,ate,thischangewillultimatelybe

acclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,

regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[G]However,noneoftherequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andeven

somelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,for

thothatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderable

gains.

41→42→43→44→E→45

PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWER

SHEET2.(10points)

Whenoneofthenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappento

eginningofcentury

songbirdsweresuppodtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescue

withsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinctswouldeatusupifbirds

dencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

nolandethic

yet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshould

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continueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessoftheprenceorabnceof

economicadvantagetous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.

(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthe

creaturesprervethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthatthey

preyonlyon"worthless"species.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Youaresuppodtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruit

volunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethe

basicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.

ignyourownnameattheendofthe

"postgraduateassociation"instead.

PartB

ions:

essay,

youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

____年全國碩士研究生入學統一考試英語試題答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

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PartA(40points)

PartB(10points)

PartC(10points)

46.科學____們提出一些明顯站不住腳的證據迅速來拯救，其____意是：如

果鳥類無法控制害蟲，那么這些害蟲就會吃光我們人類。

47.但我們至少幾乎也承認這樣一點：不管鳥類是否給我們帶來經濟上的好

處，但鳥類作為生物其固有的權利應該繼續存在。

48.曾幾何時，生物學____們有點過度使用這個證據，即這些物種通過殺死

體質弱者來保持獵物的正常繁衍或者這些生物捕殺的僅僅是毫無價值的物種。

49.在歐洲，林業在生態方面更加發達，無商業價值的樹種被看作是原生森

林群落的一部分，而得到合理的保護。

50.這一系統易于忽視，因而最終會消除掉這個土地共同體里的許多要素

(成員)，雖然這些要素(成員)缺乏商業價值，但這些要素(成員)對這個共同體的

健康運行來說是必要的。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.參考范文

VolunteersWanted/Needed

Atprentwewillrecruit10volunteerstoworkasassistantsforthisconference.

hocanspeakanother

tiontothe

languageskills,thovolunteersareexpectedtobepatient,helpful,open-minded

unteerswillbeprovidedfreethreemealsadayaswellas

transportationfromandbacktotheconferencesite。

Wearesincerelywaitingforyoutojoinus!

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Postgraduates’Association

PartB(20points)52.參考范文

Inmypersonaln,Chinenationalcultureaspricelessspiritualtreasure

ile，therearegoodreasonstoembrace

foreignculturesonthegroundthatthoideasfromotherculturescanprovide

r，

confrontedwithadifferentculture，weshouldbensibleenoughtoabsorbits

thiswaycanwepromotecultural

integrationpositively,thusmakingourmotherlanddimensional,colorfuland

vigorous.(298words)