普通高中教科書

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普通高中課程標準實驗教科書—英語（人教版）

第八講閱讀理解

【命題趨向】

2009年高考閱讀試題的命題方式和去年應基本保持一致。命題特點如下：

1．體裁與題材高考閱讀題會涉及各種體裁，材料新穎，題材廣泛。

各省市高考閱讀理解題的體裁一般有應用文、記敘文、說明文和議論文，側重說明文和

應用文。題材更趨現代化、生活化，時代性，涉及生活、傳說、人物、社會、文化、史

地、科技、政治、環保和經濟等各個領域。

2．閱讀速度預計高考對閱讀速度的要求將有所提高，估計在每分鐘65個詞以上。近幾年

高考英語閱讀量（閱讀速度要求每分鐘60單詞）都在2100個詞以上，并逐年增加。提

高閱讀速度是高考命題的一大趨勢。

3．生詞量和語篇構成高考在生詞量和語篇構成難度上不會有很大的變化，但估計生詞量和

理解難度會適當增加。近幾年高考閱讀難度逐步加大的一個明顯標志就是短文語篇構成

有相當大難度的長難句時常出現。作者在闡述問題時都使用了多種語篇手段和修辭方

法，其篇章和句子結構幾乎囊括了英語語法中的所有語法現象，行文的跳躍程度較大，

陳述次序富于變化，隱含信息較多。

4．題型結構和命題角度設問方式仍然集中在：主旨大意題，分析推理題，細節理解題，詞

義猜測題等。題目的設置主要針對文章的細節，也注重對考生推理判斷能力的考查。

5．主客觀題目比例主觀題增加，客觀題減少。

【考點透視】

高考閱讀理解題是對考生閱讀能力的考查，它是全卷篇幅最大、內容最多、分值最高、

區分度最明顯的一種題型。

1．題材特點：近幾年高考閱讀理解的題材趨于多樣化，涉及到日常生活、歷史、人物、社

會、文化、科技、政治、環保和經濟等話題。閱讀理解的材料貼近時代，貼近生活，選

自各類報刊、活頁宣傳材料等。

2．題型特點：綜觀近幾年高考閱讀理解題，題型設計上要求試題類型比較廣。

首先，考生要養成良好的閱讀習慣，學會快速閱讀，在對文章的大意有了初步的了解之

后，再從人物、事件、時間、年代、地點、數量、種類等方面搜索文章的關鍵信息。對

于不太重要的句子可以一帶而過，不必在個別詞上花太多的時間。

其次，考生還要培養良好的應試心理。抓住文章的脈絡，把握文章的線索，以句意為整

體，靈活運用所學知識，根據短文語境，認真推敲，克服厭倦、畏懼和急躁心理。

【例題解析】

例1Oncethe2008OlympicGamesfinishes,thedrumsandtrumpets(喇叭)ofthecompetitions

ldthecityremainaslivelyasitwouldbeafterthisworldevent?

Investmentsustainabilityandhighdemandaretwohighlyinvaluableeconomicconcepts(概念)that

canbelookedatinordertoensurepost-Olympicsflourish,orperhaps,anevenbetterfuturefor

Beijingers.

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Naturally,aneconomicdownturnoccursinanOlympichostcityoncethemajoreventfinishes.

RenminUniversityProfessorJinYuanpunotedthataglobaleventlikethiswouldputBeijinginto

erthivent,whowoulduthe

heavily-fundedequipmentandpublicandprivateinvestmentsleftinthecity?Variouconomists

arguedthatameltdown(徹底垮臺)anAnderson,UBSAsiaeconomist,

suggestedthatthenegativeeffectsoftheendofBeijingOlympics2008ontheentirecountryaren’t

ssuchahugeeconomythattheconclusionof

theOlympicsgamesisthesameasanant-biteonadragon.

Butwhataboutpost-OlympicsBeijing?RetiredHeadmasterofPekingUniversity,LiYining,

notedthatalong-termcivildemandgrowthandanpopulardesirebycompaniestoadoptcareful

oughdemandin

somedepartmentsoftheeconomywoulddropintheshort-run,creativity,practicalityand

innovation(創新)wouldbethekeyfactorsthatwouldcontinuallyenhancethecity'simageand

flourishlongaftertheOlympicsinthecityhandeD．

Sowhat'snextforBeijingaftertheOlympics?Well,

1．Whichoneofthefollowingsistheauthor’sidea?

A．Beijing’conomywillhaveadownturnafterthe2008OlympicGames.

B．The2008OlympicGameshavenoeffectsonBeijing’conomy.

C．Beijing’conomywillgoonasusual.

D．Beijing’conomywillgoworafterthe2008OlympicGames.

2．What’stheJinYuanpuideaaboutBeijing’conomyafterthe2008OlympicGamesaccording

tothepassage?

A．tohaveadownturn

B．todevelopasusual

C．todevelopmorerapidly

D．alloftheabove

3．WhydidJonathanAndersonbelievethatthenegativeeffectsoftheendofBeijingOlympics

2008ontheentirecountryaren’timportant?

A．Thenegativeeffectsaresmall.

B．TheChinegovernmenthasmanymeasurestotake.

C．TheChineeconomyhasdevelopedatacertainlevelsothatthenegativeeffectscan’t

affectittoomuch.

D．JonathanAndersonlikedChinaverymuchsohedidn’twantChinatogowor.

4．Chooabesttitleforthispassage.

A．BeijingAftertheOlympics

B．ThenegativeeffectsoftheendofBeijingOlympics

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C．CanBeijinggetthroughthedifficultperiodafterthe2008OlympicGames

D．Beijing’conomyafterthe2008OlympicGames

【參考答案】

1.答案：C。解析：文章最后點明了作者同意的觀點，北京的經濟會照樣發展，不會受到很

大的沖擊。

考點：作者意圖和態度

2.答案：A。解析：文章第二段前半部分提到他擔心大的對奧運會的投入，在會后沒有其他

的用途，會造成很大的損失，可以推測出他的觀點。

考點：推理判斷

3.答案：C。解析：文章第二段最后說到他認為中國是一個經濟大國，奧運會的負面影響就像

螞蟻咬到龍身上，不會有什么感覺。

考點：細節理解

4.答案：D。解析：文章主要講了專家對奧運會后北京及全國經濟發展的看法。

考點：主旨要義

例2Besidentertainmentandbeautifullanterns,anotherimportantpartoftheLantern

Festival,orYua

sly,id

thatthecustomofeatingYuanxiaooriginatedduringtheEasternJinDynastyinthefourthcentury,

thenbecamepopularduringtheTangandSongperiods.

illingsare

madeofsugar,Walnuts,same（芝麻）,osmanthusflowers(桂花),ropetals,sweetened

tangerine（橘子）peel,beanpaste,orjujubepaste（棗子醬）.Asingleingredientoranycombination

tyvarietyisfilledwithmincedmeat（肉末兒）,vegetablesora

mixture.

al

methodfollowedinsouthernprovincesistoshapethedoughofriceflourintoballs,makeahole,

inrtthefilling,thenclotheholeandsmoothoutthedumplingbyrollingitbetweenyourhands.

InNorthChina,lingsarepresdinto

hardenedcores,dippedlightlyinwaterandrolledinaflatbasketcontainingdryglutinousrice

oftheflourstickstothefilling,whichisthenagaindippedinwaterandrolleda

tgoes,likerollingasnowball,untilthedumplingisthe

desiredsize.

aditionencouragesbotholdand

ltrytheirbesttoimprovethetasteand

qualityofthedumplingstoattractmorecustomers.

fthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A．ThecustomofeatingYuanxiaodatesbacktothefourthcentury.

B．Sugar,ropetalsandmincedmeatareallfillingsofYuanxiao.

C．SweetYuanxiaoareusuallymadeinsouthernChina.

D．PeopleinnorthernChinausuallymakeYuanxiaobyrollinglikeasnowball.

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ountrydoestheLanternFestivalcomefrom?

A．ChinaB．SouthKoreaC．JinDynastyD．TangandSongperiods.

therightorderofmakingTangyuaninsouthernprovinces.

①makeaholeandinrtthefilling

②rollthedoughbetweenyourhands

③shapethedoughofriceflourintoballs

④clothehole

⑤preparesomericeflour

A．⑤③②①④B．③⑤①②④C．③①④②⑤D．⑤③①④②

thebesttitleofthispassage?

A．TheLanternFestival

B．TheingredientsofYuanxiao

C．ThedifferencebetweenYuanxiaoandTangyuan.

D．China’straditionalfood—Yuanxiao.

eeatYuanxiaotoday?

A．Becauit’satradition.

B．Becauit’satastyfood.

C．Becauweloveourcountry.

D．Becauthisfoodcanmakemoney.

【參考答案】

1.答案：C。解析：文中沒有提到只有南方人吃甜元宵。要特別注意題干中的NOT一詞。

考點：綜合細節題。

2.答案：A。解析：第一段中說明它起源于金代，盛行于唐宋，說明是中國的。

考點：簡單推測題。

3.答案：D。解析：preparesomericeflour文中未提，但應該在前。

考點：細節順序題。

4.答案：D。解析：文中說了元宵的起源、制作材料和方法以及流行情況，只有D能概括全

文。考點：主旨大意。

5.答案：A。解析：文中顯示我們吃元宵主要是因為它是傳統。

考點：推理判斷題。

例3Myparentswereinahugeargument,’tknowwhoI

edMomtoallowmetostaythenightatmybest

friend’IknewIwouldn’ttellheraboutmyparents’situation,Iwaslooking

themiddleofpackingupmythingswhensuddenlythe

etotellmethatIshouldstaywithmygrandpauntil

thepowercamebackon.

Iwewhe

ohisroomandtoldhimthatI’dstaywithhimuntil

uitehappyandsaid,“Greatopportunity.”

“Whatis?”Iasked.

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“Totalk,youandI,”hesaid.“Toholdaprivatelittlemeetingaboutwhatwe’regoingtodo

withyourmomanddad,andwhatwe’regoingtodowithourlvesnowthatwe’reinthesituation

wearein.”

“Butwecan’tdoanythingaboutit,Grandpa,”Isaid,surpridthatherewassomeonewith

whomIcouldsharemyfeelingsandsomeonewhowasinthesame“boat”asIwas.

Andthat’showthemostunbelievablefriendshipbetweenmygrandfatherandmestarted.

Sittingthereinthedark,wetalkedaboutourfeelingandfearsoflife---fromhowfastthingschange,

tohowtheysometimesdon’ght,becauthepowerwentout,Ifounda

newfriend,withwhomIcouldsafelytalkedaboutallmyfearsandpains,whatevertheymaybe.

Suddenly,thelightsallcamebackon.“Well,”hesaid,“Iguessthatmeansyou’llwanttogo

hepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights!”

56．Iwishedtogetoutofthehoubecau________.

A．Iwasangryaboutmyparents’quarrel

B．Ifoundnobodytosharemyfeelingswith

C．Iwantedtoescapefromthedarkhou

D．Iplannedtotellmyfriendaboutmytrouble

57．Grandpawashappytoemebecau___________.

A．hecoulddiscusstheproblemwithme

B．hehadnotemmeforalongtime

C．hewasafraidofdarkness

D．hefeltquitelonely

58．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Thegrandchildwaagertoleave.

B．Theywouldhavemorechats.

C．Thelightswouldgoouragain.

D．Itwouldnolongerbedark.

答案與解析

56．答案：B解析；根據第一段第二句可知。

考點：事實判斷題。

57．答案：A解析；由第四段第一句“Totalk,youandI”可知。此處是對上文Hewasquitehappy

andsaid,“Greatopportunity.”的解釋。

考點：判斷推理題。

58．答案：B解析：文章結尾Grandpa所說的話表明了態度。

考點：細節推理題。

例4TillySmith,an11-year-oldBritishgirl,whowascalled“AngeloftheBeach”,saved100

touristsfromaThaibeachhitbyatsunamionDeC．26,2004andhadbeennamed“Childofthe

Year2005”byreadersofaFrenchchildren’snewspaper.

TillySmithisaschoolgirlatDanesHillSchoolinOxshott,Surrey,EnglanD．Backfrom

Thailandshetoldhergeographyclasshowtheaslowlyroandstartedtofoam(起泡沫),bubble,

andformwhirlpools(漩渦)beforethebigwavescame.

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“WhatTillySmithdescribedashappeningwaxactlythesameasI’dshownonavideoofa

tsunamithathittheHawaiianIslandsin1946,”y,Tilly’sgeographyteacher.

“Shesawtheconquencesofnotactingwhensomethingstrangehappens.”Kearneysaidtopics

forsixth-gradepupilsincludeearthquakesandvolcanoes.

“Wecoveredtsunamisbecautheycanbecaudbyearthquakes,volcanoes,orlandslides,”

headded.“I’vetaughtthisparticularcourforatleast11years.”

Kearneyusaudiovisual(視聽教學的)teachingaidssuchasinteractivewhiteboardsto

exploitgeographicinformationonline().Tilly’sclass

esabouttsunami’arlywarningsystems.

“Theteacherhasacomputeronthedeskandcanprojectdifferentwebpagesontothe

whiteboard,”Kearneysaid.“It’shelpedmakegreatstridesinteachinggeography,itreallybrings

itintotheclassroom.”

OnDecember26,2004,TillySmith,ten,saw“bubblesonthewaterandfoam女生動漫 sizzling(發出嘶

嘶聲)justlikeinafryingpan”d

ygavejusttwoweeksbeforesheflewoutto

ognizedtheasthewarningsignsofatsunami.

ShetoldherparentsandalertedthestaffoftheMarriottHotel,

beachwavacuated(撤離)neofthefewon

PhuketIslandwherenoonewaskilledorriouslyhut.

poofthepassageistotellus______.

A．howgeographyistaughtinBritishschools

B．howTillySmithudherknowledgetosavetouristsfromtsunami

C．whyTillySmithwasnamed“ChildoftheYear2005”

D．therelationshipbetweenclassroomknowledgeanditspracticalu

2．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribegeographyteachinginBritain?

A．Practical.B．Exciting.C．Audiovisual.D．Interactive.

3．Theunderlinedword“it”inparagraph6refersto______.

A．webpageB．computerC．whiteboardD．geography

4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A．TillySmith’sparentsandthehotelstaffhadnoknowledgeoftsunamis.

B．NootherbeachesonPhuketIslandwereevacuatedbeforethetsunamistruck.

C．ThewarningsignsofthetsunamiwerethesameasTillySmithhadlearned.

D．TillySmithandherfamilyhad全半角 notleftthehotelroombeforethetsunamistruck.

解讀：本文報道英國小學生TillySmith利用課堂上所學到的地理知識在2004年印度洋

海嘯中拯救了100名游客，因而獲得“2005年度最佳兒童”的稱號。我們可以從文章中了解

到英國小學在地理教學方面的先進理念。

【參考答案】

1.答案：B解析：通讀全文可知，文章重點介紹了TillySmith如何利用課堂上所學知識拯救

游客的。

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考點：主旨大意題。

2．答案：A解析：根據文章所介紹的英國小學的地理教學模式以及TillySmith所做的一切

可以得出結論：英國的地理教學很實用。

考點：推理判斷題。

3.答案：D解析：根據前文“Theteacherhasacomputeronthedeskandcanprojectdifferentweb

pagesontothewhiteboard”可知，該句的意思應該是：它（計算機）把地理真實地帶入

了課堂。

考點：細節理解題。

4．答案：C解析：從文章倒數第二段的介紹可以得到答案，TillySmith正是運用了地理課堂

上學到的知識在海嘯中救人。文章倒數第二段中“Hermindkeptgoingbacktothe

geographylesson…”也驗證了這一點。B項與原文信息不符；A、D兩項缺乏信息支持。

考點：推理判斷題。

通過以上例題解析，我們大體可以分這么幾步來完成閱讀理解（解題方法和技巧）：

(1)【主旨要義】：一段獨立的文字材料必須有主旨大意，如說明文說明了什么；議論文

淪證了什么；記敘文記敘了一件什么事情以及事情的來龍去脈；應用文要起到什么作用

等，也就是作者希望讀者讀完材料后能了解到或者學到什么。這類問題一般設題常用

title，mainidea，mainpurpo，...wantyoutoknow，...makeitclearthat，...mainlytellabout，

makeyoubelieve等信息詞。這類題要求讀者閱讀完文章后領會文章大意并對所有信息進

行歸納，綜合和概括后才能正確完成。所以，考生在備考中應加強對閱讀篇章整體理解

的訓練，培養敏捷的思維能力和對篇章整體把握的意識。

(2)【意圖態度】：每年的高考試題中都有考查學生是否領會和理解作者意圖和態度的試

題。這種材料有其特定的寫作目的，是傳遞信息還是闡述道理用以教育他人。這種目的

往往不是文章直接告訴讀者，而是隱含在某段、某句或者是通過對整篇文章的理解才能

真正領會。這種命題常用infer，suggest，conclude等詞，需要注意的是如果文章中已經

明確指出那就肯定不是正確的選項了。因此，考生在平時的訓練中要注重對信息收集、

判斷、總結和概括能力的培養，

(3)【細節理解】：要論證一個觀點，說明一項事宜或陳述一件事情都必須有充分的事實

依據，即：事實細節。其實，每段短文中會有大量的信息，有些與設題有關，有些則無

關。對于這些細節信息的準確理解和掌握關系到全文主旨和作者意圖的把握。有些細節

信息是直接的，有些是隱含在文章中的，需要經過歸納、概括、總結和推理才能提取出

與設題密切相關的細節信息，從而作出正確判斷。

(4)【推理判斷】：閱讀的目的主要是掌握有關或相關的信息，在閱讀過程中我們需要根

據文字所提供的事實或線索進行一番邏輯推理才能掌握作者雖末提及但確實存在或很

可能發生的事情。這種命題往往含有probably等可能性的詞，這也是閱讀理解設題的一

個方面。

(5)【猜測詞義】：客觀地說，在閱瀆過程中遇到生詞是很正常的事情。正確理解閱讀材

料中單詞和短語的意思是理解全文的基礎，在閱讀過程中根據上下文和文章的背景猜測

詞義也是一種閱讀能力。有時候從字典查出來的中文解釋與句中的具體意思也不相同，

這是因為考生沒銷售術語 有真正了解這個英文單詞的真實涵義。猜測詞義是閱讀理解中常常遇到

的題目，所以培養猜測詞義的能力在閱讀過程中是非常重要的。

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(6)【文章結構】：命題人常用詢問段落大意或用詢問指代關系或用詢問事件情節或思維

發展的先后順序的試題來考察學生對文章基本結構的掌握情況。不同的文體有不同的結

構，正確把握文章的基本結構對主題句和主題段落的判斷很有幫助。英語的文章講究使

用主題段和主題句。主題段通常在文章的開頭，簡要概括文章的中心思想，主題句根據

段落的寫作手法的不同可能在段落的開頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。段與段之

間常用詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題作者可能采用不

同的寫作手法來組織文章，通過舉例、比較、類比等手法來透徹闡明主題觀點。

總之，做閱讀理解，考生應該從整體上或者說從宏觀上把握一篇文章的脈絡，一定要明

確每一段的大意，理解文章的中心思想和作者的行文思路，這是做閱讀理解獲取高分的

基礎和前提條件。

【專題訓練與高考預測】

1.2008(I)

A

Itisoftennecessarytoreleaafish,thatis,titfreeaftercatching,becauitistoosmall,or

youjustdon’cas,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwill

artmentofGameandInland

Fisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releafishingtouafewsimple

iceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleawill

survive(存活)tobiteagainanotherday.

—Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.

Don’t’uanetinlandingthefishandreleaitquicklytopreventitfromdying.

—’twipethescales(魚鱗)off

thefishbecaui袋子英語 tmightcauittodevelopadiaandreduceitschanceofsurvival.

—Removeyourhook(魚鉤)ookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthe

kleftinsidewillcaunoriousproblemtothefish.

—ethefishwhenitbeginsto

struggleandisabletoswim.

—Donot

aregoingtoreleaafish,dosorightaway.

Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleadfish

abetterchanceofsurvival.

64．Peoplesometimestafishfreeaftercatchingitbecauthey_________

A．don’twantittodieB．hopeitwillgrowquickly

C．don’twanttohaveitasfoodD．wanttopracticetheirfishingskills

65．Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?

A．Takingthehookoffit.B．Removingitsscales.

C．TouchingitvesD．Holdingitinyourhand.

66．Aproperwaytoreleaafishisto_________.

inwatertillitcanswimB．takethehookoutofitsstomach

C．keepitinabucketforsometimeD．letitstrugglealittleinyourhand

2

9

67．Whatisthepurpoofthetest?

A．Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing.B．Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.

C．Toencouragepeopletotfishfree.D．Togiveadviceonhowtoreleafish.

2．(2008山東)

B

FederalregulatorsWednesdayapprovedaplantocreateanationwideemergencyalert(警報)

systemusingtextmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.

Textmessageshaveexplodedinpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyamongyoungpeople.

Thewirelessindustry’stradeassociation,CTIA,estimates(估計)morethan48billiontext

messagesarenteachmonth.

TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponNetworkAct,a2006federallawthat

requiresimprovementtothenation’taskedtheFederal

CommunicationsCommission(FCC)withcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicabout

emergencies.

“Theabilitytodeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesan萬物與我為一 dother

mobilervicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortstohelpensurethattheAmericanpublichas

theinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemlvesandtheirfamiliesbefore,andduring,

disastersandotheremergencies,”FCCChairmanKevinMartinsaidfollowingapprovaloftheplan.

Participationinthealertsystembycarriers—telecommunicationscompanies—isvoluntary,

butithasreceivedsolidsupportfromthewirelessindustry.

somaynotbechargedfor

receivingalerts.

Therewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessages,accordingtotherules.

Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresident,likelyinvolvingaterroristattackor

ondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats,”whichcouldincludenatural

rdwouldberervedfor

childabduction()emergencies,orso-calledAmberAlerts.

Thervicecouldbeinplaceby2010.

66．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudents

B．CellPhoneAlertsbyWirelessIndustry

C．CellPhoneAlertsofNaturalDisasters

D．CellPhoneAlertsComingSoon

3．(2008福建)

C

Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’slf-respectisimportanttohisorher

ldexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraicanleadtotheopposite

-sholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoektosamekindof

approvalfromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackatofthecar.

Theimplication(含義)ofsaying“Youaretheprettiestgirlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthe

10

goalsshesucceedbutnotheroveralleffort,isthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebest,

scoresshehighest,scarriesovertotheclassroom.

SocialpsychologistCarrolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffectsofoverpraion400fifthgraders

ndthatkidspraidfor“tryinghard”didbetteron

testsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthopraidforbeing“smart”.

“Praisingattributes(品質)orabilitiesmakesafalpromithatsuccesswillcometoyou

becauyouhavethatquality,anditdevalueffort,sochildrenareafraidtotakeonchallenges,”

saysDweck,nowatStanfordUniversity,“Theyfigurethey’sbetterquitwhilethey’reahead.”

62．Theauthorquoted(引用)’swordsinthelastparagraphinordertomakethearticle

_____.

A．better-knownB．better-organized

C．morepercussiveD．moreinteresting

63．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.

A．praiforeffortsshouldbemoreencouraged

B．praiforresultsworksbetterthanpraiforefforts

C．praisingachild’sachievementsbenefitshisorhersuccessinlife

D．praisingachild’sabilitiencouragehimorhertotakeonchallenges

4．D

Tinytot’sbigadventure:SuperBaby,amultimediachildren’splayco-producedbyBeijing

Children’sArtTheaterandYeowoobiAnimationCompanyofSouthKorea,isrunningatBeijing’s

CulturalPalaceofNationalities.

AdaptedfromapopularSouthKoreancartoonbookbyKoreanwriterChoSooMin,theplaytells

thestoryofthevoynamedSiqing,whotsoutinarchofadventurewithhisfriendWeiwei,a

dinosaur,andapandatorescuehiskidnappedgrandfather.

IndirectorHangCheng’yes,itisastoryofhope,dreamsandcourage.

HesaysitisaChineinterpretationofAlice’sAdventureinWonderland,andChenghopesit

couldinspiretheyoungaudiencememberstoloveoneanother,treasurefriendshipandpursuetheir

dreams.

Time:7:30pm,untilAugust26

Place:49fuxingmenNeidajieStreet,XichengDistrict

Tel:400–810–1887,5905–9082

Lordsoftherings:TheChineAcrobaticsGroup,establishedin1950,willputonaperformance

thatincludestraditionalacrobatics,circus,magic,oldBeijingfolkplaysandmore.

Theshowblendsmusic,dance,localoperaandmartialartswithacrobatics.

Time:7:30pm,daily

Place:TiandiTheater,DongsiShitiao,100metersnorthofPolyTheater,ChaoyandDistrict

Tel:6416–9893

Foolingaround:dashanistakingtothestagewiththeotherwiall-ChinecastofChaojiBendan,

yisanadaptationofthefamousFrenchcomedy,LedinerdeCons(The

dinnerGame).

11

Dashan,orMarkRowswell,isaCanadianwhobecameahouholdnameandpopularTVhost

stheroleofPierreBrochant,asuccessfulParisianpublisher,

whoattendsaweekly“idiots’dinner”.Eachguestmustbringalongan“idiot”fortheamumentof

ndofthedinner,theevening’s“championidiot”islecteD．

Time:7:30pm,September29~30

Place:PolyTheater,14DongzhimenNandajie,DongchengDistrict

Tel:6416–9990

Classiccomeback:ChinedramaclassicTheTopRestaurant(Tianxiadiyilou)willbestagedby

BeijingPeople’nbyHeJiping,thedramahasbeenoneofthemostpopular

ChinetheatricalworksperformedbytherenownedBeijingPeople’een

stagedmorethan400timessincethepremiere.

Time:7:30pm,September5~14

Place:CapitalTheater,22WangfujingDajie

Tel:6524–9847

Ordernow,youcangeta20%formation,pleaclickhere.

anttoenjoymagiconSunday,youcangoto.

A．RedTheaterB．TiandiTheater

C．PolyTheaterD．CapitalTheater

ertimentsareabout“”.

A．exhibitionsB．meetings

C．stageperformancesD．westerncultures

fthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A．SuperBaby,achildren’splay,isperformingatBeijing’sCulturalPalaceofNationalities.

B．TheChineAcrobaticsGroupcanperformoldBeijingfolkplays.

C．DashanisapopularTVhostwhospeakssuperbChine.

D．TheTopRestaurantwillbeperformedbyHeJinping

4．Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom.

A．atextbooksB．amagazineC．anewspaperD．awebsite

5．E

Everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder,butmen'smindsdeclinemorethan

women's,accordingtotheresultsofaworldwidesurvey.

Certaindifferencemtobeinherentinmaleandfemalebrains:Menarebetteratmaintaining

anddealingwithmentalimages(ufulinmathematicalreasoningandspatialskills),whilewomen

tendtoexcel(擅長)atrecallinginformationfromtheirbrain'sfiles(helpfulwithlanguageskills

andrememberingthelocationsofobjects).

Manystudieshavelookedforaconnectionbetweenxandtheamountofmentaldecline(衰退)

peopleexperienceastheyage,buttheresultshavebeenmixed.

Somestudiesfoundmoreage-relateddeclineinmenthaninwomen,whileotherssawthe

12

esultscouldbe

improperbecauthestudiesinvolvedolderpeople,andwomenlivelongerthanmen:Themen

testedarethesurvivors,"sothey'retheonesthatmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline,"said

studyteamleaderElizabethoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.

Peoplesurveyedcompletedfourtasksthattestedx-relatedcognitiveskills:matchinganobject

toitsrotatedform,matchinglinesshownfromthesameangle,typingasmanywordsinaparticular

category(范疇)"objectusuallycoloredgray",andrecallingthe

sttwoweretasksatwhichmenusuallyexcel;thelatter

aretypicallydominatedbywomen.

Withineachagegroupstudied,menandwomenperformedbetterintheirparatecategorieson

ughperformancedeclinedwithageforbothgenders,womenshowedobviously

lessdeclinethanmenoverall.

erlinedwordinthecondparagraphmeans_________.

A．naturalB．greatC．obviousD．absolute

2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanNotbetypedintothesamecategory?

A．cloudB．sheepC．treesD．goo

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingthearticle?

A．MendobetterthanwomenwhenitcomestolearningEnglish.

B．Womenstandoutatrememberingpeople’snames.

C．Menexcelattypingasmanywordsinaparticularcategoryaspossibleinthegiventime.

D．Womenexcelatdealingmathematicproblems.

4．Oneimportantfactorthataffectsthecorrectnessoftheresultsisthat_________.

A．theoldmentestedmaynothaveshownsuchcognitivedecline

B．peoplesurveyedareallold

C．peopletakingpartinthistestcamefromallovertheworld

D．womenlivelongerthanmen

5．Theauthoraimstotellusthat__________.

A．women’smindsperformbetterthanmen’s

B．men’smindsdeclinemorewithage

C．everyonebecomesalittlemoreforgetfulastheygetolder

D．asurveyonhuman’sminddeclinewasdonerecently

6．F

Thelargestearthquake(magnitude里氏9.5)ofthe20thcenturyhappenedonMay22,1960

offthecoastofSouthCentralChile.

Itgenerated(生成)oneofthemostdestructivePacific-widetsunamis(海嘯).Nearthegenerating

area,boththeearthquakeandthetsunamiwereverymuchdestructive,particularlyinthecoastal

gesttsunamidamageoccurredatIsla

Chiloe---thecoastalareaclosttotheepicenter(震中).Hugetsunamiwavesmeasuringashighas

25metersarrivedwithin10to15minutesaftertheearthquake,killingatleasttwohundredpeople,

13

sinkingalltheboats,andfloodinghalfakilometerinland.

TherewaslargedamageandlossoflifeatConcepcion,Chile'ecity

ofValdivia,theearthquakeandfollowingaftershocksgeneratedlandslideswhichkilled18people.

AttheportcityofValparaiso,acityof200,000,of130,000

housweredestroyed---oneineverythreeintheearthquakezoneandnearly2,000,000people

werelefthomeless.

Totaldamageloss,includingtoagricultureandtoindustry,wereestimated(估計)tobeovera

alnumberofdeathrelatedwithboththetsunamiandtheearthquake

tesofdeathsreachedbetween490to5,7002with

nodistinction(差別)astohowmanydeathswerecaudbytheearthquakeandhowmanywere

r,itisbelievedthatmostofthedeathsinChilewerecaudbythe

tsunami.

idthelargesttsunamidamageoccurred?

A．ConcepcionB．IslaChiloeC．ValdiviaD．Valparaiso

2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetsunamiwavesgeneratedbytheearthquake?

A．Thetsunamiwavesashighas25metersarrivedimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.

B．Thetsunamiwaveskilled200peopleandsankallboats.

C．Thetsunamiwaveswereverydestructive.

D．Thetsunamiwavesfloodedhalfoftheinland.

3．WhatisgenerallythoughtthemaincauofdeathsinChile?

A．landslidesB．thetsunami

C．aftershocksD．themagnitude9.5earthquake

4．Whatisthetotalnumberofdeathsintheearthquake?

A．2,000,000B．between490to5,7002

C．200,000D．itwashardtoknow.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapd”probablymean?

A．wasdestroyedB．caughtfire

C．wasfloodedD．sank

7．G

Athiefwhodroppedawinninglotteryticket(彩票)atthesceneofhiscrimehasbeengivena

tim,whopickeduptheticket,thenclaimedthe￡25000prize,managed

totracehim,beryhappenedwhenmathsprofessorVinicio

Sabbatucci,58,rmotorist,whostoppedto"to

help",fessorfoundthedroppedticketandput

itinhispocketbeforedrivinghometoAscoliineasternItaly.

Nextday,hesawthelotteryresultsonTVand,takingouttheticket,realizeditwasawinner.

Heclaimedthe60millionlire(里拉)y,he

rtidinnewspapersand

onradio,saying:"I'60millionforhim---alottery

14

ity(匿名)guaranteed."

ProfessorSabbatuccireceivedhundredsofcallsfrompeoplehopingtotrickhimintohanding

rewasonevoiceherecognized---andhearrangedtomeetthemaninapark.

Therobber,a35-year-oldunemployedfatheroftwo,

couldnotbelievewhatwashappening."Whydidn'tyoukeepthemoney?"fessor

replied:"Icouldn'tbecauit'snotmine."Thenhewalkedoff,spurningthethief'sofferofa

reward.

1．Thentence"Thenhebeganabattlewithhisconscience."Inparagraph2impliesallofthe

followingEXCEPTthat_______.

A．heknewwhatheshoulddoassoonashesawthelotteryresults

B．hehesitatedaboutkeepingthemoneyforsometime

C．hethoughtforamomentofavenginghimlfontherobber

D．hecametorealizethathonestyismoreimportantthanmoney

2．HundredsofpeoplephonedProfessorSabbatuccibecauthey______.

A．wantedtomakefunofhim

B．hopedtogetthemoney

C．knewwhotherobberwas

D．lostthelotteryticket

d"spurning"inthelastntencecanbereplacedby______.

A．acceptingB．claimingC．rejectingD．canceling

4．Ifthestoryappearsinanewspaper,thebesttitlemightbe_____.

A．AThief'sLuckyDayB．APopularMathsProfessor

C．AMagicLotteryD．ARewardofHonesty

8．H

ovies,weknowthatifwereach

outtotouchTomCrui,sababyhavethisunderstanding?

esignedamethod幼師實習心得 forprojectingan

opticalillusion(視覺影像)nwastofirstgivebabiesarealball,onethey

couldbeexpectedtoshowsurpridintheirfacesandmovements,Allthe16to24-week-old

babiestestedweresurpridwhentheyreachedfortheillusionandfoundthattheballwasnot

there.

thatifweputaboxinaroom

andlockthedoor,sababyrealizethataball

thatrollsunderachairdoesnotdisappearandgotonever-neverland?

ExperimentsdonebyBowersuggestthatbabiesdevelopanofobjectpermanencewhen

xperiments,Bowerudatoytrainthatwentbehindascreen.

When16-week-oldand22-week-oldbabieswatchedthetoytraindisappearbehindtheleftsideof

thescreen,theylookedtotheright,xperimenttookthetrainoffthe

tableandliftedthescreen,emstoshow

15

condpartoftheexperimentshowed

-archersubstituted(替換)aballforthetrainwhenitwent

22-week-oldbabiemedsurpridandlookedbacktotheleftsideforthe

16-week-oldbabiesdidnotemtonoticetheswitch(更換).Thus,the16-week-old

babiemedtohaveanof“somethingpermanence,”whilethe22-week-oldbabieshada

nofobjectpermanencerelatedtoaparticularobject.

sageismainlyabout.

A．babies’nofsightB．effectsofexperimentsonbabies

C．babies’understandingofobjectsD．differenttestsonbabies’feelings

graph3,“objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,andobject.

A．stillexistsB．keepsitsshape

C．stillstayssolidD．isbeyondreach

dBoweruinhixperiments?

A．AchairB．AscreenC．AfilmD．Abox

fthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A．Thebabiesdidn’thaveanofdirection.

B．Theolderbabiespreferredtoytrainstoballs.

C．Theyoungerbabieslike虛擬內存設置多少 dlookingformissingobjects

D．Thebabiescouldn’ttellaballfromitsopticalillu-sion.

【專題訓練與高考預測】參考答案及解析：

1.【參考答案】

64．答案：C。解析：從文章第一段的語句Itisoftennecessarytoreleaafish,thatis,titfree

aftercatching,becauitistoosmall,oryoujustdon’twanttotakeithometoeat.可知釣到

的魚太小，不想帶回家吃。

考點：細節理解。

65．答案：B。解析：從文中第二條建議Don’twipethescales(魚鱗)offthefishbecauitmight

cauittodevelopadiaandreduceitschanceofsurvival.可知刮掉魚鱗會讓魚生病，減

少成活的機會。

考點：細節理解。

66．答案：A。解析：從第四條建議Releathefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.

可知答案，其余三種情況都是錯誤的做法。

考點：細節判斷。

67．答案：D。解析：從文章第一段最后一句Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethat

thefishyoureleawillsurvive(存活)tobiteagainanotherday.（中心句）及文章最后一段

的總結句Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethe

16

releadfishabetterchanceofsurvival.可知寫這篇文章的目的是就如何放養釣到的小魚，

使他們的成活率更高提出了一些建議。

考點：推測作者的寫作意圖。

2．【參考答案】

本文是一篇新聞類文章。美國聯邦政府打算利用手機短信免費為公眾進行信息警報，這

非常是快捷、有效的方式，并即將成為可能。

66．答案：D。解析：文章第一段即是主旨所在。選項A縮小了文章內容表達的范圍；選項

B不是本文所要表達的中心內容，明顯不正確；選項C太片面，根據文章倒數第二段中

aterroristattackornaturaldisaster一句可以排除。

考點：主旨大意。

3.【參考答案】

62．答案：C。解析：從第四段引用’s的話，讓人看到這種表揚會導致孩子們退

縮，害怕挑戰，從而使文章更具震撼力。

考點：推理判斷。

63．答案：A。解析：從第三段Shefoundthatkidspraidfor“tryinghard”didbetterontestsand

weremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthopraidforbeing“smart”.可知。

考點：推理判斷。

4.【參考答案】

1．答案：B。解析：從第二則廣告可知答案。

考點：細節理解。

2．答案：C。解析：這四則廣告是關于舞臺演出的。

考點：主旨大意。

3．答案：D。解析：從四則廣告直接找答案。

考點：細節理解。

4．答案：D。解析：從最后一句話可知答案。

考點：細節理解。

5.【參考答案】

1．答案：A。解析：男女大腦的思維在某些方面的差異是天生固有的。

考點：詞意猜測。

2．答案：C。解析：根據文章第五段可推斷出選項中這類物體是以白色為限定范疇的。

考點：推理判斷。

3．答案：B。解析：男性在推理和空間思維方面占優勢，女性在提取大腦中儲存的記憶信息

方面占優勢。

考點：推理判斷。

4．答案：A。解析：根據文章第四段可知。文章只是說調查涉及到老年人，但并不都是老年

人，故排除B。選項D不是造成調查結果不準確的原因。

考點：細節理解。

5．答案：B。解析：根據文章第一段可知。

考點：主旨理解。

6.【參考答案】

17

1．答案：B。解析：從文章第二段第三行“thelargesttsunamidamageoccurredatIslaChiloe---the

coastalareaclosttotheepicenter(震中).”可以得到答案。

考點：細節理解。

2．答案：C。解析：考察文章第二段的最后幾句。A選項不是arrivedimmediately而是10-15

分鐘以后到來。B選項為至少200人，D選項不是halfoftheinland而是halfakilometer，

故以上3個選項均有誤。

考點：細節理解。

3．答案：B。解析：最后一段的最后一句“However,itisbelievedthatmostofthedeathsinChile

werecaudbythetsunami.”說明本題答案。

考點：主旨理解。

4．答案：D解析：2,000,000為無家可歸人的數目；200,000為thecityofValparaiso的人口數。

490to5,7002為地震和海嘯共同導致的死亡數。考點：細節理解。

5．答案：A。由本段的下一句Atotalof130,000housweredestroyed可以推測出答案。

考點：推理判斷。

7.【參考答案】：Ｃ解析：從文章中可以看出該文章屬于說明文體裁。就題材看屬于文化類

方面的文章。主要介紹的是Rollerskating是如何形成的。

考點：主旨大義題。

2．答案：Ｄ解析：從文中的JophMerlinwasamanofideasanddreams一句，可以看出Ｄ

為本題的正確答案。

考點：細節題。

3．答案：Ａ解析：從文章的第二自然段的最后一句可以看出Merlin想到“滑進”房間的

真正目的是getalotofattention(fromtheguests)，故Ａ為本題的正確答案。

考點：細節題。

4．答案：Ｃ解析：這段敘述的是“Merlin成功地拉著小提琴滑進屋子”，可不巧的是他又

遇到了意想不到的麻煩——撞碎掛在墻上的鏡子。

考點：歸納總結題。

8.【參考答案】：本文是一篇科普短文，大意是通過實驗研究兒童是否知道物體是固體，具

有物體持久性的感覺，研究表明，16周到24周的嬰兒都知道物體是有形的固體，然而

第一項研究表明只有18周以上的嬰兒才對某個特定的物體的認識具有持久性。

1．解析本題考查主旨大意的把握能力。本文通過科學家的研究和對研究結果的解釋，旨

在說明嬰兒對物體的理解。答案：C

2．解析本題考查詞義理解能力。通過對第二項研究情況的閱讀和第三段的解釋得知“object

permanence”意思是“物體依然存在”。答案：A

3．解析本題考查細節理解能力。第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的兩個實驗中都用到了

screen.答案：B

4．解析本題考查證誤判斷能力。第二段中所述實驗情況表明：嬰兒伸手去摸屏幕上的影像，

說明他們事先不能區分一個真正的球和影像的區別。答案：D

18