動詞后接動詞不定式／動名詞作賓語用法小結(jié)

動詞后接動詞不定式／動名詞作賓語用法小結(jié)

動詞是英語中最活躍的詞性之一，其主要作用是在句中作謂語。在謂

語動詞后接動詞作賓語時，主要分為兩種情況：

Ⅰ 動詞加動詞不定式

能以不定式做賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：want，hope，wonder，

wish，agree，try，manager，offer，decide，fail，refu，ask，pretend，

intend，attempt，teach，discuss等。例如：

I have learned to drive the car.

They refud to accept my suggestion.

He promid to come.

Ⅱ 動詞加動名詞

在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny,

practi, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等這些動詞之后要求

用動名詞作賓語。例如：

Have you finished repairing your car?

She suggested spending another week in the country.

Do you feel like taking a walk.

通常要后接動名詞作賓語的動詞

英語中有些動詞后接另一個動詞作賓語時，通常要用不定式，不用動名詞，這類動詞主

要admit(承認(rèn)), advi(建議), allow(允許), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考慮),

delay(推遲), discuss(討論), dislike(不喜歡), enjoy(喜愛), escape(逃脫), excu(原諒), fancy(沒

想到), finish(完成), forbid(禁止), forgive(原諒), give up(放棄), imagine(想像), keep(保持),

mention(提及), mind(介意), miss(沒趕上), pardon(原諒), permit(允許), practi(練習(xí)),

prevent(阻止), put off(推遲), report(報告), resist(忍住), risk(冒險), stop(停止), suggest(建議),

understand(理解)等。如：

I admit breaking the window.我承認(rèn)打破了窗玻璃。

I advi waiting till proper time.我建議等到適當(dāng)時機(jī)。

They avoided mentioning that name.他們避免提到那個名字。

He considered going to e Paul in person.他考慮親自去找保羅。

They discusd lling the hou.他們商量過賣房子的事。

She dislikes doing houwork.她不喜歡干家務(wù)活。

Would you mind speaking less quickly?你可否講得慢一點(diǎn)?

He forbids smoking during office hours.辦公時間他禁止吸煙。

Try to imagine being on the moon.設(shè)想你在月球上。

He mentioned eing her often.他提到過經(jīng)常見到她。

I can’t understand treating children like that.那樣對待孩子，我不能理解。

需要我們注意的是，有些動詞既可用動詞不定式也可用動名詞作賓

語。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時差別不大，有時差別較明顯。下面分

別說一下這兩種情況：

Ⅲ這兩種情況在意義上差別不大的詞有：love, like, hate, prefer, begin,

start, continue, need, intend, attempt等。例如：

1. Do you like playing(to play) chess?

2. When did you begin learning(to learn) French?

隨著語言的發(fā)展，這些區(qū)別也在逐漸縮小，但需要注意的是：

在like, love, prefer等動詞后，若表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的動作，

多用動名詞作賓語；若指特定的或具體的行動，則用不定式更多

一些。例如：

1. I like swimming, but I don’t like to swimming today.

2. She prefers walking to cycling.

3. I prefer to stay at home today.

在begin, start等詞的后面，在下面三種情況下，后接動詞不

定式較好:

? 主語是物而不是人時：Ice begins to melt.

? 本身是v-ing形式時: We are starting to clean the classroom.

? 其后的動詞與想法，感情有關(guān)時：I begin to realize that he is

wrong.

Ⅳ在兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上差別較明顯的動詞有：remember, forget,

regret, stop, mean, try等。例如：

1．remember后接動名詞通常表示：記得干過某事的，跟動詞不定式

通常表示：別忘了，要記得干，動作并未發(fā)生：

? I remembered posting the letter today.

我記得今天把信寄走了。

? Plea remember to post the letter today.

請別忘了今天把信寄走。

2．regret后接動名詞，通常表示:對已發(fā)生的情況表示后悔，跟不定

式通常表示:對將來的情況表示抱歉

? I regret to inform you that you won’t be able to attend the class.

我們遺憾地通知你們，你們將不能參加這個班。

? I regretted having done such a thing.

我后悔做了這樣一件事。

3．mean后接動名詞，通常表示:意味著，不定式通常表示:打算干什

么。

? Failing this exam means waiting for a year.

這次考式不通過意味著要等上一年。

? I didn’t mean to argue with you.

我不想和你爭辯。

4．try后接動名詞，通常表示:式一式做某事，跟不定式通常表示:

設(shè)法去做某事：

? Let’s trying doing the work in this way.

這項(xiàng)工作咱們這樣式式看。

? I’ will work hard, and try to improve.

我將努力工作，并設(shè)法改進(jìn)。

⒈不定式作賓語

①以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。如：

agree, ask, aim, arrange, choo, decide, demand, expect, fail ,help, hope, lean,

long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promi, refu, wish等，這些詞大部分

可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如：

I decided to ask for my money back.

I decided that I would ask for my money back.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.

When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would startback on

foot.

②當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定

式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語＋動 詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋to do句式。如：

We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

He feels it his duty to help the poor.

③介詞but, except, besides+to do(do)

在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無do，

則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如：

The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

⒉ 動名詞作賓語

①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如：

admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practi,

resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, giveup, insist on, put off等。如：

I suggest spending our summer vacation in a aside town.

You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.

②動名詞作介詞的賓語

I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying athome.

What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略，如：

have difficulty(in)doing, have notrouble(in)doing, lo no time(in)doing, prevent

/stop…(from)doing, there is no u(in)doing等。

⒊ 部分動詞后面，既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如：

begin, continue, start, hate, like, love, need, require, want等。

在need, require, want后接-ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但

要用被動形式，如：

Your handwriting needs improving(to be improved).

hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動名詞表示目前 正在進(jìn)行的

活動或一般的行為。

在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：

① hate, like, love前有would(should)時，如：

I'd like to have a cup ofcoffee.

② 當(dāng)謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時，如：

The students arestarting to work on the difficult maths problem.

③begin, continue, start與know, understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：

I soonbegan to understand whatwas happening.

⒋ advi, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或

帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：

Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.

Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.

⒌ 部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。

①forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名

詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：

Don't forget fo post the letter for me.

Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

Remember to clo the windows before you leave.

I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the

meeting.

They regretted ordering the books from abroad.

②mean to do 打算做某事

doing 意味著……

I meant to catch up with the early bus.

This means wasting a lot of money.

③try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事

doing 試著做某事

You should try to overcome your shortcomings.

Try working out the physics problem in another way.

④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語）

doing 停止做某事

On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.

You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.

⑤can't help doing 禁不住……

to do不能幫助干……

They couldn't help jumping up at the news.

Sorry I have lots of work to I can't help to make up the roomfor you.

⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事

doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動作的繼續(xù)

He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢。

We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.

⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么（目的狀語）

doing停下某事

It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.

They left off to go fishing.