北極狼

北極狼（學名：），又稱白狼，是犬科的哺乳動物，也是灰狼的亞

Canis lupus arctos

種，分布于歐亞大陸北部、加拿大北部和格陵蘭北部。

The Arctic Wolf (), also called Polar Wolf or White Wolf,

Canis lupus arctos

is a subspecies of the Gray Wolf, a mammal of the family Canidae. Arctic

Wolves inhabit the Canadian Arctic, Alaska and the northern parts of

Greenland.

解剖學

北極狼一般比灰狼小，連尾巴長約3至5尺，成年的北極狼僅高3英尺；雄性比雌性

[1]

的體型要大。它們肩膀的高度由25到31英寸不等；北極狼一般重逾100磅，一只成熟

的雄性甚至可重達175磅。北極狼的耳朵一般都較為小，這樣有助其保持體溫。

曾經有一只被人類養的北極狼壽命長達18年；但是一般來說，在野外的北極狼的壽命

只長7到10年。

The arctic wolf is generally smaller than the gray wolf. They are usually

3 to 5 feet long .The adult arctic wolf is only 3 feet tall. Their

shoulder-high are from 25 to 31 inches. The weight of arctic wolf usually

more than 100 pounds. A mature male even can weigh up to 175 pounds. Their

ears are relatively small, so that it can help them keep the body

temperature. Generally speaking, in the field, the life of the arctic Wolf

is only 7 to 10 years long.

棲息地與分布

北極狼的北部棲息在格陵蘭島和加拿大北極地區的阿拉斯加。

他們已經住在北美有二百萬多

年的歷史了。[引用需要]當他們發現一個書房,他們做出了幾個室為食物和年輕。北極狼生活在

加拿大北極群島,北海岸的格陵蘭島,大約70°緯度以北朝鮮。北極狼是唯一的灰色亞種狼,還能

發現它原來的整個范圍,很大程度上是因為,在它們的自然棲息地,他們很少遇到人類。北極狼也

是唯一的亞種狼不是威脅——他們的遠程家意味著它們相對安全的從人的活動,不論是在狩獵和

棲息地的破壞。

Habitat and distribution

The Arctic Wolf inhabits the northern part of Greenland, the Canadian

Arctic and parts of Alaska. They have lived in North America for more than

two million years. When they find a den, they make a couple of

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citation needed

chambers for food and young. Arctic wolves live on the islands of the

Canadian Arctic, and the north coast of Greenland, roughly north of 70°

North latitude. The Arctic Wolf is the only subspecies of the Gray Wolf

that still can be found over the whole of its original range, largely

becau, in their natural habitat, they rarely encounter humans. The

Arctic wolf is also the only subspecies of wolf which is not threatened

- their remote home means that they are relatively safe from man's

activities, both in terms of hunting and habitat destruction.

Behavior

The Arctic Wolf can withstand the arctic weather. They can survive in

sub-zero temperatures for years, in absolute darkness for five months per

year, and without food for weeks. Arctic Wolves usually travel in packs

of 2 to 20. They live in small family groups: a breeding pair and their

pups. The pack works together to feed and care for their pups. Lone Arctic

Wolves are young males that have left their pack to ek their own

territories. They avoid other wolves, unless they are able to mate. Having

found an abandoned territory, a lone Arctic Wolf will claim it by marking

the territory with its scent, and then gather other lone wolves into its

pack. When the female is pregnant, she leaves the pack to dig a den to

rai her pups. If the ice is too thick, she will move to a den or cave.

北極狼能承受嚴寒的天氣。他們可以在零下的溫度中生存多年,在絕對的黑暗中五個月/年,沒有

食物了幾個星期。在北極狼通常旅游包2 - 20。他們住在小戶型組:一個飼養雙和他們的幼仔。

狼群吃和一起工作,照顧幼兒。孤獨的北極狼是年輕的男性都留下了他們的包去尋找他們自己的

領土。他們避免其他狼,除非他們是可以交配。他找到了一個被遺棄的領土,成為一位單身北極狼

就宣稱它的領地標識,其香味,然后收集其他孤僻進它的包裝。當女性懷孕了,她離開了包挖一個

坑中提高幼崽。如果冰也太厚,她就要搬到一個洞穴或洞穴。

捕食

像其他所有狼一般，北極狼是一群的集體捕獵動物的，通常是5至10只組成一群；它

們大多捕食馴鹿和麝牛，但亦會捕殺北極兔、旅鼠、駝鹿、魚類、海象和其他動物，有

時甚至會攻擊人類。

在冬季時，它們也會捕獵馬鹿，因為在冬季時馬鹿的長腿會陷入厚厚的雪中，讓北極狼

有機可乘，可以很輕易地就能捕獵到這種全球最大的陸生動物之一。

由于冬季時植物稀少，它們會在很大的范圍內徜徉捕獵，橫越逾2600 km2的地方，并隨

馴鹿遷徙。雖然人們一般認為北極狼很兇猛，但是對愛斯基摩人來說，北極狼是一種很

溫和的動物。

Hunting

Like all wolves, Arctic Wolves hunt in packs, preying mainly on caribou

and muskoxen, but also arctic hares, als, ptarmigan and lemmings, and

smaller animals such as waterfowl. To eat rodents they must pick up their

[1]

scent and find the entrance to their tiny dens to flush them out. Wolves

almost never attack humans. Due to the scarcity of prey, they roam large

areas, up to 2,600 km (1,000 sq mi), and follow migrating caribou

2

south during the winter, for a food source. They are not fast runners,

instead relying on stamina to take down prey.

[2]

Adult wolves have 42 teeth, their main weapon in hunting. They swallow

food in large chunks, barely chewing it. They eat all of their prey,

including the bones. Wolves can eat up to 20 pounds (9 kg) of meat at

one meal. When they return from the hunt, wolves regurgitate some of the

food for the hungry pups.

[

由于北極永久它對土壤和困難挖洞、北極狼經常使用巖石outcroppings、洞穴甚至是淺凹陷

洞來代替。妊娠后約63天到75天,生是在五月到六月初,約一個月之后比灰色的狼。母親生

出2或3只小狗崽,雖然可能多達12。這是比灰狼幼仔少,有四到五次。一般認為,感染人數的

降低是由于缺乏獵物在北極。小狗天生失明和失聰,體重約為1英鎊。他們依賴母親食物和

保護。當他們有三個星期了,他們被允許以外的洞穴。其他狼在包可以照顧母親的幼犬,直到

她回來的時候帶來食物.

北極狼的主要的天敵是人類，由于人類的采伐樹木、污染和垃圾，它們失去了居住的

地方。北極狼面臨瀕危的境地，主要的威脅是偷獵者，每年至少有200只北極狼被殺。

The main natural enemy of the arctic wolf is human being. Becau of

human cutting trees,

pollution and rubbish, they lost their living place. Facing the endangered situation, the main

threat of the arctic wolf is the poacher, every year at least 200 arctic wolves were killed by

humans.

據統計，現時全球只有約一萬只的北極狼生存，因此它們被列為二

級瀕危動物。

According to the rearch, there are only 10,000 arctic wolves alive.

Therefore, they were listed as the condary endangered species.