2023年12月21日發(作者:一棵樹作文)

一、代詞的分類
代詞可以分為人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,指示代詞,疑問代詞,關系代詞,不定代詞,相互代詞這八類。
二、人稱代詞
就是表示“我,你,他,她,它,你們,他們”的詞。人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩類,有單、復數之分。
人稱代詞的形式如下:
人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單復數
主格
賓格
(我,我們) (你,你們) (除我、我們、你、你們之外)
單數
I
Me
復數
we
us
單數
you
you
復數
you
you
he
him
單數
she
her
it
it
復數
they
them
1. 人稱代詞的用法
(1)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格做主語,賓格做賓語。如:
I like table tennis. (做主語)
Do
you know him?(做賓語)
(2)人稱代詞還可作表語。(做表語時用賓格的形式。)如:
---Who is knocking at the door?
---It’s
me.
(3)人稱代詞在 than 之后與其他人或事物進行比較時,用主格和賓格都可以。如:
He is older than
me.
He is older than
I am.
(4)人稱代詞的順序。幾個人稱代詞并列做主語時,它們的順序是:
單數形式(二、三、一) you, he and I
復數形式(一、二、三) we, you and they
注意:當受到批評時或承認錯誤時正好相反,I 在最前,you 在最后。
口訣:單數二、三、一,復數一、二、三,受到批評我在前,承認錯誤你在后。如:
You, he and
I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and
you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2. it用法總結
(1)作為人稱代詞,it 可以用來指東西、動物、嬰兒和未確定身份的人。
Where’s my book? Have you en it? 我的書在哪里?你看見了沒有?
The dog is in the garden, isn’t it? 狗在花園里,是吧?
嬰兒哭了,因為他/她餓了.
(Someone is ringing.) ---Who’s it? (有人在按門鈴。)---誰呀?
---It’s
me. ---是我
(2)it 可以指上下文容。
The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chine
proud.
2008 年將在舉行奧運會。這使得中國人非常自豪。
(3)it 表示時間、天氣、距離等。
---What time is it now? 現在幾點了?
---It’s half past nine. 九點半。
It is cold. 天氣冷。
公園到博物館大約是十公里。
(4)it 用作形式主語或形式賓語。
It’s very important for us to learn English well.(實際主語是to
learn English well)
對我們來說,學好英語很重要。
I found it hard to fly a kite. (實際賓語是to fly a kite)我發現放風箏很難。
備注:句型(可以用于作文中)
It’s adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sth.
It ems that
It one’s turn to do sth.
It’s + 強調部分+ that/who/whom
3. 實戰演練
(1)Miss Green is an English teacher. We all like ( she ).
(2)Could you help ( I )?
(3) ( My ) can't get my kite.
(4)Her bike is broken. Can ( your ) mend it?.
(5) I found ( it )hard to fly a kite
(6)Tho ( child ) are ( I ) father’s students.
(7)Do you know ( it ) name?
(8)I love (they)very much.
三、物主代詞
表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞,即“……的”。物主代詞分別有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。
物主代詞的形式如下:
人稱
單復數
形容詞性物主代詞
名詞性物主代詞
第一人稱
單數
my
mine
復數
our
ours
第二人稱
單數
your
yours
復數
your
yours
his
第三人稱
單數
her its
復數
their
theirs his hers its
1. 物主代詞的用法
(1)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞,可在句中作定語。如:
Our teacher is coming to e us.
This is
her pencil-box.
(2)名詞性物主代詞常用來避免和前面已提與的名詞重復,其作用相當于名詞,并且名詞性物主代詞 =“形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞”,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如:
--- Is this English-book
yours? (做表語)
--- No.
Mine is in my bag.(做主語)
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished
yours? (做賓語)
(3)名詞性物主代詞可以用在of 后做定語,相當于“of+名詞所有格”表示帶有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 如:
He is a friend of
mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
2. 實戰演練
用所給詞的適當形式填空
(1) I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ? ( you )
(2)George has lost ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will lend him .
( she )
(3)Jack has a dog and so have I. ( he )
dog and ( I ) had a fight (打架).
(4)The teacher wants you to return that book of ( he )
(5)Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to e us. ( they )
(6)We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of . (we )
四、反身代詞
表示“我(們)自己”、“你(們)自己”、“他/她/它(們)自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。
反身代詞的形式如下:
第三 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱
人稱
單 單復數
數
反身代詞 mylf ourlves yourlf yourlves himlf herlf itlf themlves
巧記口訣:
反身代詞構成并不難,單數詞尾-lf記心間。
第三人稱賓格加在前,其余物主開頭用在先。
復數形式如何變,f要用ves來替換。
復數 單數 復數 單數 復數
1. 反身代詞的用法
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語,表語和同位語。
(1)做賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者,主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。
He called
himlf a writer.
Would you plea express
yourlf in English?
(2)做表語。
It doesn't matter. I'll be
mylf soon.
The girl in the news is
mylf.
(3)做主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人。
I
mylf washed the clothes( = I washed the clothes mylf.)(做主語同位語)
You should ask the teacher
himlf.(做賓語同位語)
(4)反身代詞常用的短語。
teach onelf 自學 learn by onelf 自學 help onelf to 隨便吃
enjoy onelf = have a good time = have fun 玩的高興 come to onelf 醒
2. 實戰演練
1
2
3
4
5
五、指示代詞
指示代詞是表示“那個”、“這個”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。
指示代詞
This
例句
This girl is Mary.
That is Mary.
單數
That
The The men are my teachers.
復數
Tho Tho are my teachers.
1. 指示代詞的用法
(1)this 和the 一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人,that 和tho則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人。如:
This is a pen and
that is a pencil.
We are busy
the days.
(2)有時that 和tho 指前面講到過的事物,this 和the 則是指下面將要講到的事物。如:
I had a cold.
That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is
this: pronunciation is very important in
learning English.
(3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞,常可用that 或tho 代替。如:
Television ts made in Beijing are just as good as
tho made in
Shanghai.
(4)this 在用語中代表自己,that 則代表對方。如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is
that Jack speaking?
2. 實戰演練
1
The machines made in China are cheaper than ______ made in Japan.
2
—Look! What’s ______ in the sky?
—It looks like a kite.
3
---Have you found your lost mobile phone?
---No, I haven’t found ___________, but I bought___________ this
morning.
; that
; one
; one
; it
六、疑問代詞
1. 疑問代詞與詞組
疑問代詞有who, whom, who, what 和which 等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如:
疑問詞
when
what time
who
who
where
which
why
what
what color
what about
what day
what date
how
how old
how many
how much
how about
什么時間
什么時間
誰
誰的
在哪里
哪一個
為什么
什么
什么顏色
……怎么樣
星期幾
什么日期
……怎么樣
多大年紀
多少數量(可數名詞)
意思
問時間
問具體時間,如幾點鐘
問人
問主人
問地點
問選擇
問原因
問東西、事物
問顏色
問意見
問星期幾
問日期
問情況
問年齡
問數量
用法
多少錢,多少數量(不可數名詞) 問多少錢或數量(不可數)
……怎么樣 問意見
how often
how long
how far
多久
多長時間
多遠
問頻率
問時間長度
問多遠;多長距離
2. 實戰演練
1
2
3
4
七、連接代詞
連接代詞: 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞。常用的有:what,
which, who, whom, who, that,它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語。如:
Do you know who has won the Red Alert game?
I don’t know whom you should depend on?
I know
what he said at the meeting.
問題是誰來修理它。
你能告訴我哪條路是去郵局的嗎?
八、不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可做主語、表語、賓語和定語。不定代詞沒有確定的對象,常用的有:
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many,
much, other, another, some any, no 以與由some, no, any, every 構成的復合詞。
都
都不
或者(任一個)
每一個
兩者
both
neither
either
each(≥2)
三者
all
none
any
every(≥3)
注意
(1)both 之后加名詞的復數形式 + 謂語動詞原形。
(2)all 既可以加名詞的復數形式,也可以加不可數名詞,謂語動詞的單復數由名詞決定。
(3)Neither / none of +名詞的復數形式 + 謂語動詞三單。
(4)Neither……nor….. 或 either ……or….. 用就近原則。
1. 常見不定代詞的用法
(1)some 與any 的區別
① some 多用于肯定句,表示“一些,幾個”作形容詞時,后面可以接不可數名詞也可以接可數名詞。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
② any 多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容詞時,后面可以接不可數名詞也可接可數名詞。
If you have any questions, plea ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
③ any 和 some 也可以做代詞用,表示“一些”。any 多用于疑問句,否定句和條件句中,some 多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you e in the picture?
I can't e any.
如果你沒有錢,我可以借給你一些。
注意:some 用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。
Would you like
some coffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡嗎?
(2)few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的區別
可數名詞
few
a few
He has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友。
He has few friends. 他幾乎沒有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。
There is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。
1
--- What do you usually have for breakfast?
不可數名詞
Little
a little
含義
否定含義,沒有多少了
肯定含義,還有一點
--- _____milk and ______ eggs.
, a little
B.A few, few
C.A little, a few
D.A few, a little
2
--- Would you like some tea?
--- Yes, just _____.
A.a few
C.a little
bit
(3)other, the other, another, others, the others 的區別
代名詞
用法
單數
another
不定
另一個
the other
特定
另一個
① other 可以作形容詞用,后面可以跟單數或復數名詞,意思是“其他的、別的”。
其余那些人、物 另一個(男孩) 其余那些(男孩)
別人,其他人 另一個(男孩) 其他(男孩)
the others the other (boy) the other (boys)
復數
others
單數 復數
形容詞
another (boy) other (boys)
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
② other 也可以用作代詞,與冠詞the 連用構成“the other”,表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one 搭配構成“one ..., the
other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exerci-book in the other.
③ other 作代詞時,可以有復數“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some 搭配構成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, plea.
④ “the others”表示特指某圍的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8
o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chine.
⑤ another 可以作形容詞用,修飾后面的名詞,意為“另一個”。
You can e another ship in the a, can't you?
⑥ another 也可以作代詞用,表示“另一個”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Plea give me another.
用any other, any others, the other, other填空。
(1)He is taller than student in his class.
(2)He is taller than in his class.
(3)He is taller than students in his class.
(4)Some students like pop music while don’t in their school.
(5)I want some books besides this dictionary.
(4)every 與 each 的區別
each
可單獨使用
可做代名詞、形容詞
著重“個別”
用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或用于三者或三者以上的每一個人或物
物
Each of Every one of
不可單獨使用
僅作形容詞
著重“全體”,毫無例外
every
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different color.
注意:當我們說each child, each student 或each teacher 時,我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當我們說every child 和every student 時,我們想到的是全體的情況,every 的意思與all 接近,表示他們都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the
English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
(5)many與much的用法
many 修飾可數名詞復數,還可以與表示程度的副詞 so, too, as, how連用。much 修飾不可數名詞,也可以與表示程度的副詞so, too, as, how連用。
There are too many mistakes in your exercis.
He has got too much work to do.
(6)復合不定代詞
復合不定代詞是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上-one,-body,-thing 等所組成的不定代詞。復合不定代詞包括something(某事物), somebody(某人),
someone(某人), anything(任何事物), anybody(任何人), anyone(任何人), nothing(沒事物), nobody(沒人), no one(沒人), everything(一切事物), everybody(每個人), everyone(每個人) 等十二個。這些復合代詞具有名詞性質,在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語,但不能用作定語。
復合不定代詞的指代對象:
① 含-body 和-one 的復合代詞只用來指人,含-body 的復合不定代詞與含-one 的復合不定代詞在功能和 意義上完全相同,可以互換。只是用-body
時顯得較通俗些,多用于口語中,用-one 時顯得較文雅些,更常見于正式場合與書面語中。如:
Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room. 有人在隔壁房間哭。
No one/Nobody is stupid. 沒有誰是愚蠢的。
② 含-thing 的復合不定代詞只用來指事物。如:
Are you going to buy anything? 你會去買東西嗎?
I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只聽到了你的聲音。
復合不定代詞的屬格:
① 含-one 和-body 等指人的復合代詞可有-’s 屬格形式。如:
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 大家的事情沒人管。
Is this anybody’s at? 這兒有人坐嗎?
② 含-one 和-body 等指人的復合代詞后跟el 時,-’s 屬格應加在el之后。如:
Can you remember someone el’s name? 你還記得其他人的嗎?
③ 含-thing 等指事物的復合不定代詞沒有-’s 屬格形式。
復合不定代詞的定語:
復合不定代詞的定語必須后置,即放在復合不定代詞的后面。如:
Can you tell something interesting? 你能講些有趣的事情嗎?
Would you like something to eat? 要來些吃的東西嗎?
2. 實戰演練
1
He has ______ to tell us.
ing important
ant something
ng uful
nothing
2
His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is ____.
ing
hing
ng
g
3
— Do you have____ at home now, Stella?
— No, we still have to get veral pounds of fruit and some tea.
ing
hing
g
ng
4
— Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you?
— I’m afraid I do. I’ll be glad to lend money to ____ but Charlie.
e
ne
one
九、相互代詞
1. 相互代詞的用法
用于表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。常用的有:each other, one another,兩者沒有很大的區別,一般可以互換。相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。相互代詞后可以加’s, 表示所有關系,做定語。如:
We should learn from each other / one another. (做賓語)
你們經常彼此寫信嗎?
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (做定語)
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their
hom
本文發布于:2023-12-21 17:30:52,感謝您對本站的認可!
本文鏈接:http://www.newhan.cn/zhishi/a/1703151052122896.html
版權聲明:本站內容均來自互聯網,僅供演示用,請勿用于商業和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的權益請與我們聯系,我們將在24小時內刪除。
本文word下載地址:代詞he,she,it,they,we及所有格.doc
本文 PDF 下載地址:代詞he,she,it,they,we及所有格.pdf
| 留言與評論(共有 0 條評論) |