2024年2月25日發(作者:永樂花園)

荷蘭使館,克勞斯特大街,柏林,德國NETHERLANDS EMBASSY, KLOSTERSTRASSE, BERLIN,GERMANY, 2003建筑設計:雷姆?庫哈斯/OMA事務所ARCHITECT: Rem Koolhaas / OMA1客戶/Client: 荷蘭外交部/Netherlands Ministryof Foreign Affairs ;Dienst Gebouwen Buitenland,The Hague項目主管/Project Directors: Ellen van Loon, ErikSchotte1 沿施普雷河夜景/Night view from the Spree(攝影/Photo:Christian○cRichtersNetherlands Embassy)項目建筑師/Project Architect: MichelleHoward, Gro Bonesmo結構設計/Structure: Royal Haskoning/Arup Berlin建造時間/Realization: 1997年-2003年建筑面積/Built area: 8 500m2在東西德統一之后,德國政府決定將政治中心遷回柏林。荷蘭在戰后出售了其原有的使館領地,因而能夠在此時重新挑選新的地段——在“中央”的羅蘭銀行,柏林最古老的建筑,緊鄰(新)政府區域——同時也是荷新歐洲使館在柏林/THE NEW EUROPEAN EMBASSIES IN BERLIN51
3蘭最主要的貿易伙伴。業主要求一個獨棟建筑,在保障常規服務的同時,又能具有荷蘭人的開放精神。我們在柏林進行一次展覽時,受到相鄰地塊的業主(當時還是準業主)——“捐贈”基金會的邀請參加了一個競賽,并最終獲得勝利。傳統的城市規劃條例(前西柏林)要求新建的建筑以19世紀的風格占滿地塊,而(前東柏林)城市規劃官員較為接受我們提出的構想 :一個立在滿鋪地段的基座上的自由立方體。我們既然已經全權掌管整個地塊的設計,也就能進一步探索出如何將順從(填滿整個地塊的邊界)與反叛(建造一個獨立的立方體)更好地結合在一起。一條連續的貫通使館8層平面的軌道塑造出了建筑內部的交流方式。工作空間是軌道在立方體內部“鑿開”后的“剩余區域”,全都沿外圍立面布置。接待空間在立方體的內部。其他的半公共空間則更靠近外立面,有一處甚至直接向外懸挑到下車區的上空。從入口開始,軌道經過圖書館、會議室、健身區、餐廳,最終抵達屋頂。這條軌道同時也試圖挖掘出建筑與周圍語境的關系,包括施普雷河、電視塔、公園和大使住所的圍墻;部分的軌道實際上是對角穿過建筑的空間,這使得公園內的人能透過建筑看到電視塔。(微正壓)的軌道同時還作為主要風管過濾進入辦公室內部的室外新鮮空氣,污濁的空氣則通過雙層立面間的空隙被抽出。這種通風概念是單元素多用途策略的一個具體的表現。這種策略同樣也體現在結構設計中。與軌道相鄰的22、3顯露軌道的玻璃立面/The glass facade with the traces of thecNetherlands Embassy)○trajectory(攝影/Photo:Christian Richters 4—15 建筑組體的樓層平面/The Levels sequence of the building complex內墻也被看成是相互交叉的承重梁,將荷載向下傳遞,因此能在建筑的下層創造出大的開敞空間。承重—玻璃—豎框即使在大火中遭到破壞,還能保證在軌道與立面交界處的主體結構的完整。夾在“立方體”和“住宅墻”之間的過道類似一個院子,它向一邊開敞,以提供欣賞施普雷河與公園的全景視野。為了強調與周圍石材貼面建筑的差別,立方體和住宅的外墻均被覆以鋁制的立面。□(陳潔 譯)52世界建筑 2006/08
新歐洲使館在柏林/THE NEW EUROPEAN EMBASSIES IN BERLIN53
54世界建筑 2006/08
16—18 內院及建筑之間的入口路徑/The courtyard and the entrance alley between the buildingscNetherlands Embassy)(攝影/Photo:Christian Richters ○19 軌道平面/The Trajectory20—23 剖面/Sections新歐洲使館在柏林/THE NEW EUROPEAN EMBASSIES IN BERLIN55
In the wake of the reunification the Germangovernment decided to relocate the capital toBerlin‘Mitte’(Center).The Netherlands, having sold their formerembassy site after the War, was free to chooseanew and preferred Roland Ufer in Mitte, the oldestBerlin settlement, next to the (new) governmentdistrict of their main trade partner.The client demanded a solitary building,integrating requirements of conventional civilservice security with Dutch openness.While on display in an exhibition in Berlin, theowners (then still owners-to-be) of the adjacentplot, the antroposophical foundation‘Haus umdie Schenkung’. invited us to participate in acompetition, which we eventually won.Traditional (former West Berlin) city planningguidelines demanded the new building to completethe city block in 19th century fashion, the (formerEast Berlin) city planning officials had an open mindtowards our proposal for a freestanding cube on a- block completing - podium.Since we now are in charge of the design ofthe entire site we can further explore a combinationof obedience (fulfilling the block’s perimeter) and24disobedience (building a solitary cube).A continuous trajectory reaching all eightstories of the embassy shapes the building’sinternal communication.The workspaces are the‘Ieftover areas’afterthe trajectory was‘carved’out of the cube andare situated along the facade.Reception spaces are activated inside thecube. Other semi-public spaces are located closerto the facade and at one point cantilever out over2524—26 沿軌道的建筑內景/Different views along the TrajectorycNetherlands Embassy)(攝影/Photo:Christian Richters○2656世界建筑 2006/08
27the drop-off area. From the entry, the trajectoryleads on via the library, meeting rooms, fitnessarea and restaurant to the roof terrace.The trajectory exploits the relationship with thecontext, river Spree, Television Tower‘Fernsehturm’(), park and wall of embassyresidences; part of it is a ‘diagonal void’throughthe building that allows one to see the TV Towerfrom the park.The (slightly over pressurized) trajectory worksas a main air duct from which fresh air percolatesto the offices to be drawn off via the double(plenum) facade. This ventilation concept is partof a strategy to integrate more functions into oneelement.This integration strategy is also used with thestructural concept. The internal walls adjacent tothe trajectory are load bearing beams that crossover each other enough to bring loads down.Hereby big open spaces are created on the lowerfloors of the building. Load baring -glass-mullions, allowed to fall out in case of a fire whilestill leaving the superstructure in tact, support thefloor slabs where the trajectory meets the facade.The access road between‘cube’and‘residential wall’acts as courtyard open to oneside to allow a panoramic view over the Spreeand the park. In order to emphasize the differencewith the surrounding buildings which are clad withstone, the sockle and the wall with the residenceswill be clad with aluminium. □ (OMA)2827 透過軌道看到的電視塔/View of the “Alex”TV Tower throughoutthe Trajectory28 會議及宴會廳/The Meeting and Party Hallc(27、28攝影/Photo:Christian Richters ○Netherlands Embassy)新歐洲使館在柏林/THE NEW EUROPEAN EMBASSIES IN BERLIN57
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