動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)(動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)如何區(qū)分)

?現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞的形式相同，又都可以作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。怎么辨別它們呢?

1.現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，主要從它們的意義、重讀和位置三方面來(lái)區(qū)別。

①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，二者在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，因而可擴(kuò)展為定語(yǔ)從句，讀時(shí)都要重讀。

a crying baby=a baby who is crying

the boiling water=the water that is boiling

②動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示它所修飾名詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，二者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因而不能擴(kuò)展為定語(yǔ)從句，只能擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)表示用途的介詞短語(yǔ)，讀時(shí)只重讀動(dòng)名詞。

a bathing suit=a suit for bathing一件游泳衣

drinking water= water for drinking飲用水

③現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可以后置，而動(dòng)名詞只能放在所修飾的名詞前面。

On the day following=(On the following day) He left for New York.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Do you have any listening materials?(動(dòng)名詞

2.現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的辨別方法：

①提問(wèn)法

能用how對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的是現(xiàn)在分詞；能用what提問(wèn)的是動(dòng)名詞。

My job is interesting.(How is your job? )

My job is teaching.(What is your job?)

②位置對(duì)調(diào)法

將表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)位置對(duì)調(diào)，句子仍然成立，且意思通順的為動(dòng)名詞；否則為現(xiàn)在分詞。

My job is interesting.→Interesting is my job.(不成立)

My job is teaching.→Teaching is my job.(成立)

③成分添加法

表語(yǔ)后能帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的是動(dòng)名詞；表語(yǔ)前面能加上副詞(very，quite，so等)或more，most加以修飾的則是現(xiàn)在分詞。

My job is more interesting than yours.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is teaching you English.(動(dòng)名詞)

④系動(dòng)詞取代法

選用別的系動(dòng)詞(例如:getbecome,feel,sound,look,em等)取代be，句子依然成立的是現(xiàn)在分詞；不能用別的系動(dòng)詞取代，只能用be的是動(dòng)名詞。例如:

Seeing is believing.(動(dòng)名詞)

The story is interesting.→

The story sounds interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job ems interesting.(成立→現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job ems teaching you English.

(不成立→動(dòng)名詞)

Exerci:

1.請(qǐng)判斷下列各題是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)還是動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)?

①a smiling face一張笑臉

②the working people勞動(dòng)人民

③reading materials閱讀材料

④a walking stick一根手杖

⑤the developing countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家

⑥the changing world變化著的世界

2.請(qǐng)判斷下列各題是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)還是動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)?

①The film is very moving.

②Her job was washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.

③The situation is encouraging.

④His duty is raising pigs.

⑤lt's worrying to think that there is a dangerous animal in quite countryside.

Key: 1.①現(xiàn)在分詞 ②現(xiàn)在分詞 ③動(dòng)名詞

④動(dòng)名詞 ⑤現(xiàn)在分詞

2. ①分詞作表語(yǔ) ②動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) ③分詞作表語(yǔ)④動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) ⑤分詞作表語(yǔ)