The world’s largest and oldest continuously occupied fortress, Windsor Castle is a majestic vision of battlements and towers. Ud for state occasions, it’s one of the Queen’s principal residences; when she’s at home, the Royal Standard flies from the Round Tower.
Frequent, free guided tours introduce visitors to the castle precincts, divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Wards. Free audio tours guide everyone through its lavish State Apartments and beautiful chapels; certain areas may be off limits if in u.
It was William the Conqueror, just five years after his successful invasion of England, who commanded that an earth-and-timber fortress be built beside the Thames. Completed in 1080, it was rebuilt in stone by his great-grandson, Henry II, in 1170. Successive monarchs made their own marks, with Edward III turning Windsor into a Gothic palace and Charles II adding baroque flourishes to emulate Louis XIV’s Versailles outside Paris. George IV swept in with his team of artisans to establish what’s still Windsor’s identity, as a palace within a medieval castle. Thanks to all this rebuilding, the castle now holds almost a thousand rooms, in architectural styles that range from half-timbered fired brick to Gothic stone.
Queen Mary’s Dolls’ Hou
Filling a side chamber as you approach the State Apartments from the North Terrace of the Upper Ward, this astonishing creation is not a toy but a masterpiece of artful miniaturisation. Designed at 1:12 scale by Sir Edwin Lutyens for Queen Mary, and completed in 1924, it displays a phenomenal attention to detail. It's equipped with fully functional plumbing, including flushing toilets, plus electric lights, tiny Crown Jewels, a silver rvice and wine cellar, and even a fleet of six cars in the garage.
溫莎城堡是世界上最古老的城堡,也是有人居住的城堡中最大的一個。城堡包括大量城垛和塔樓,因此初期主要用于防御外敵,如今則成為英國君主的主要行政官邸,現任英國女王有相當多的時間在溫莎城堡度過,并在這里舉行國家活動。當女王在城堡內時,城堡圓塔便會升起英國皇家旗。
游客可以跟隨免費講解了解城堡的外圍情況——包括塔樓、上區和中區;同時游客也可以選擇語音講解,一覽華麗的國家外交大廳、圣喬治教堂的的風采;當然,城堡內另作他用的房間和區域是不能參觀的。
征服者威廉在入侵英格蘭5年后,下令在泰晤士河畔建造石堡與木柵欄,并于1080年完工,溫莎城堡雛形初現。1170年,征服者威廉的曾孫亨利二世對其進行改建,建造了第一個石碉堡。隨后,歷任英國君主均對城堡進行了不同程度的改造——愛德華三世將哥特風帶入溫莎城堡;理查二世效仿法國路易十六的凡爾賽,將巴洛克風格引入溫莎;而喬治四世則徹底翻修了城堡,將其打造成中世紀城堡中的行宮,而這種風格也延續至今。而溫莎城堡也在一次次的翻修中成為不同建筑風格的集大成者——如今的城堡有上千個房間,建筑風格從半木質、燒結磚到哥特式全石結構應有盡有。
瑪麗皇后玩偶屋
從上區的北庭院到國家外交大廳的路上有一間側室——瑪麗皇后玩偶屋,這里的藏品并非普通的玩偶,而是微型藝術品。這些玩偶是埃德溫·勒琴斯爵士于1924年為瑪麗皇后按照1:12的比例所打造的微型玩偶,他于對細節的把控令人驚艷。玩偶屋中有功能齊全的沖水馬桶等下水管道系統、電燈、微型珠寶、銀器護理工具、酒窖,甚至還有一個藏有六輛汽車的迷你車庫。
單詞:
1. fortress 堡壘;要塞
2. majestic 莊嚴、宏偉的
3. battlement 城垛
4. precinct 外圍
5. lavish 豐富的、大方的
6. command 命令、指揮
7. the Thames 泰晤士河
8. emulate 效仿、仿真
9. medieval 中世紀的
10. masterpiece 杰作
11. plumbing 管道系統
12. flushing toilets 沖水馬桶
13. wine cellar 酒窖
句型:
1. (1)It was William the Conqueror, (2)just five years after his successful invasion of England, (3)who commanded (4)that an earth-and-timber fortress be built beside the Thames.
(1)It……was:主句,表明溫莎城堡首位建造者的身份;
(2)just……England:插入語,表明征服者威廉建造溫莎城堡的時間;
(3)who……Thames:非限定性定語從句,進一步表明其首位建造者的身份;
(4)that……Thames:賓語從句,表明征服者威廉所下的指令;
2. (1)Thanks to all this rebuilding, (2)the castle now holds almost a thousand rooms, (3)in architectural styles (4)that range from half-timbered fired brick to Gothic stone.
(1)Thanks……rebuilding:原因狀語,表明其風格多樣的原因;
(2)the……rooms:主句,點明溫莎城堡的特色;
(3)in……stone:省略which are,定語修飾房間風格;
(4)that……stone:定語修飾style,具體描述城堡風格;
簡說:溫莎城堡里的“霸道總裁戲”
作為英國皇室的行宮,溫莎城堡見證了一代代王朝的更迭和帝國的興衰,似乎“溫莎”二字或多或少總與“國家命運”相連。其實除卻它所展現的“家國情懷”,溫莎城堡里其實也上演了一幕幕“霸道總裁戲”。其中最知名的便是愛德華八世“不愛江山愛美人”,除此之外,喬治五世也是如此,他為瑪麗皇后所建的玩偶之屋是微型藝術巔峰之作,里面所有的物件不僅擺放到位,而且真實可用,其中的微型書本中甚至有微型文字。而喬治五世其實就是現任英國國家元首——伊麗莎白二世的爺爺。
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