賓語補足語

【星火高級語法】

一、定義：

賓語補足語通常緊跟在賓語之后，對賓語進行補充說明。

二、句子結構是：

主+謂+賓+賓補

三、兩種結構：

1.主表型：

1)makeourcountrybeautiful(adjective)

2)callhimLaoLi(noun)

3)(adv.)

4)()

2.主謂型：

1)h.（有to不定式）

2).（無to不定式）

3)th.（現在分詞）

4).（過去分詞）

四、什么動詞后可有賓語補足語：

1.在表示心理狀態的動詞后作賓語補足語。這類動詞有：consider,think,believe,

discover,find,imagine,judge,suppo,prove等。這類動詞后的不定式通常是"tobe+形容詞或

名詞"結構，think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。Weconsiderhim(tobe)agood

teacher.

我們認為他是一個好老師。Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant.

他證明那個理論是很重要的。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImet

her.我第一次見到她的時候就認為她人很好，很誠實。

2.在表示情感狀態的動詞后作賓語補足語。這類動詞有：love,like,prefer,hate,want,

wish,expect等。I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone.

我希望你不要打擾他。Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.

我不想有任何麻煩。

3.注意：hope,demand,suggest等動詞后面不能接不定式作賓語補足語。

Ihopeyoucangivemeahand.

我希望你能幫我一把。

Iwishyoutogivemeahand.

我希望你能幫我一把。

Herequiredustobeprentatthemeeting.

他要求我們出席會議。

MrLisuggestedthatsheshouldnotgotherealone.

李先生建議她不要獨自去那里。

五、可作賓語補足語的形式有：

不定式，現在分詞，過去分詞，名詞，形容，副詞，介詞短語都能作補語。

六、具體說明：

（一）副詞作賓語補足語

Ifoundhiminyesterday.

（二）常接形容詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：keep,make,find等。

如：Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.

（三）常接名詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：call,name,make,think等。

如：Wecallthemmooncakes.

（四）常接動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語的動詞有：e,watch,hear,find,keep等。

如：Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.

（五）常接介詞短語作賓語補足語的動詞有：keep,find,leave等。如：Ileftmypenonmy

deskathome.

（六）不定式作賓語補足語

1.常接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish等；

2.接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：e,watch,hear,make,letadvi,

allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,

request,order,warn,cau等。

如：

Ioftenehimplayfootball.

Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.

Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.

Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.

Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabnce.

Plearemindmetoleaveherthisnote.

Sherequestedhimtogowithher.

3.用不定式作賓語補足語的幾種說明：

①help后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to。如：Ioftenhelpmy

mother(to)dosomehouwork.

②在使役動詞后作賓語補足語，不定式不帶to。有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去

了to，這些動詞有：一感二聽三讓四觀看。

一感：feel

二聽：hear,listento

三讓：let,have,make

四觀看：obrve,e,watch,lookat

這類動詞有：make,let,have等。轉為被動語態時，其后通常都用帶to的不定式(have

沒有被動語態)。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?

你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.

她讓他戒了煙。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.

他想干什么就讓他干吧。

Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittle

sister.雖然經常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了

3.掌握“使役動詞have+賓語＋過去分詞”的幾種含義

在“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構中，過去分詞作賓語補足語，have也可用get。

這一結構具有以下幾種含義：

①意為“主語請別人做某事”。例如：

Hewantstohavehiyexaminedtomorrow.

他明天想去檢查眼睛。（“檢查”的動作由醫生來進行）

②意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情”。例如：

Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.

當心，否則會弄傷手的。

③意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成。

例如：

Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.

他今早把墻漆了。（主語自己可能參與）

④動詞不定式也可作一些短語動詞的賓語補足語。

I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.

我正等著詹姆斯的到來。

He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.

他已安排了一輛汽車去車站接他們。

TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobrvetheceafire.

聯合國號召交戰雙方遵守停火協定。

（七）分詞作賓語補足語

用現在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關系；用過去分詞作

賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構成邏輯上的動賓關系。

1.跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,

notice,obrve,watch,t等。例如：

Therewassomuchnoithatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimlfheard.

由于十分吵鬧，講話人沒法讓人聽到他的聲音。

Whenheawoke,hefoundhimlfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.

他醒來的時候發現一位老大娘正在照顧他。

2.幾種用過去分詞作賓語補足語的情況說明：

①表示“意欲；命令”的動詞如like,want,wish,order等，可用過去分詞

作賓語補足語。例如：

Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.

這位父親想讓女兒學鋼琴。

②感官動詞e,hear,notice,obrve,watch,feel,find等后，可用過去分詞作賓語補足

語。例如：

Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.

剛才我看到一位老人被車撞倒了。

③使役動詞have,get,make,leave,keep等后，可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。例如：

Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?你拿膠卷去沖洗了沒有？

④“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結構中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補足語。這一

結構通常在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

兇手被帶進來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）

Withwaterheated,wecanethesteam.

水一被加熱，我們就會看到水蒸氣。（表條件）

Withthematterttled,weallwenthome.

事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）

課堂練習：

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yout

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nded

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cry;;;;cry

uldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.

ing

thedoor_____whenIgothome.

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o

n’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoi____.

otofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

ettled

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t

utmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.

ting

bettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.

gout

gedtomakehimlfwithhis____English.

understand;tand;broken

tood;tood;broken

toraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.

ng

egoingtohavetherviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.

led

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led

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arksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpo.

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intendus___thenewmethod?

cherencouragedus______goodcompositions.

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o

asmuchdisappointedtoethewashingmachineshehadhad_______went

wrongagain.

paired

otofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

ettled

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anted

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ultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.

own

keyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourlf____inEnglish.

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dthem____atatable_____.

;g;toplaychess

;;playthechess

shedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.

g;g;unlocking

;e;unlocking

Keys:

1-5CCAAD6-10AACBC11-15BDBAD16-20CDAAB21-25CACAB

26-30CBBCA

【大顯身手】

一、選擇：

leadtoetheproblem___soquickly.

beenttled

feelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.

3.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.

h

4.____everything____,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.

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’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.

edaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapasnger.

g

atpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_______.

cheraskedus_____somuchnoi.

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spokesmanstresdthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered____clearwarningsbefore

firinganyshots.

sued

10.－lpyou?－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.

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g

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down

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e

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herwasasked________letherchildren________TVeveryevening;

;;;;watching

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king

admybike________,andI’mgoingtohavesomebody________myradiotomorrow.

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25.________theroom,thenurfoundthetaperecorder________.

ng;ng;gone

entered;entered;tobestolen

oushowmethemobilephoneyou’dlike______?

irit

ftenheardtheABCSong,butIhaveneverheardAliceit.

tobesung;ung;;;singing

rdlyimaginePeter__________acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

sailed

29.---Haveyouhadanyone______yournewly-boughtflat?

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rate;rate;tomake

te;te;tomake

30.---“Didyouhaveanydifficultyintoday’shomework?”---“No,infactIfound__________.”

syto

doit

Key:1-5ABCCB6-10DADAD11-15DAABC16-20BCDCB

21-25AACCB26-30ACCDA

二、閱讀理解

A

Asurveyhasshownthatpeoplehavestoppedbelievingboththemediaandpoliticians.A

similarsurveycarriedout5yearsagoshowedthat50%ofpeoplethoughtthatwhatpoliticians

saidwasusuallynottrue,andthat35ofpeoplethoughtthatwhattheysawonthetelevisionor

hthofigureshaveincreadsharply,to80%ofpeople

notbelievingpoliticiansand70%sthinkthat

thefiguresarenotgoingtocomedowninthenearfuture.

Storiesaboutpoliticiansandjournaliststakingmoneyformbusinessmenhavecaudthe

SmithofYorksaid,“Whenthepoliticiansmakenewlaws,theyonlyhelptheirfriends,not

peoplelikeme”.MrsMarleyofLeedssaid,“Thenewspapersandtelevisionarenotinterestedin

whatistrue;theyareonlyinterestedinmoneyforadvertising”.

IthasgotworrecentlyasmorepeoplecangetnewsfromtheInternetandlearnifthe

nourpoliticiansandjournalistsdo?

Theonlyansweristobemorehonest.

berofpeoplebelievingpoliticiansandjournalistshas_______.

d

sthinkthisproblem_______.

tworsoon

ssaybusinessmengivemoneyto_______.

lists

hthinkspoliticiansmakelaws______.

everybody

cannowcheckstoriesusing_______.

ernet

答案：1.C2.B3.B4.A5.C

B

Whowillstagethegames?

ketheathletes,thehostcity

decidingwhichcitywillhosttheOlympicGames,

theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)g

tpreparingaverystrongbid,acitywill

gwaschonforthe2008gamesfromfive

bidders—Osaka,Paris,TorontoandIstanbul.

Whydoesittakesolongtoprepare?

gtheWorldCupin2002in

JapanandSouthKorea,forexample,meantthattennewstadiumshadtobebuilt,aswellasmany

ing,afterwinningthebidthegovernmentbegan

majorconstructionprojects—theextensionoftheunderground,theimprovementoftheairport

stcitymustalsobuildanOlympicvillageforthe

tingtreesandcreatingparks,thecitybecomesmoreattractivefortourists.

WhydocountrieswanttohosttheOlympicGames?

Hostingthegameshasamajoreffectontheeconomyandbringsinternationalprestigetothe

ndsandthousandsofvisitorscometothegamesandthehostcitiesare

permanentlyimproved.

gfortheOlympicGamesusuallystarts____________beforethegamesarereally

held.

rs

gwasoneofthe_______biddersforthe2008games.

ldCup2002washeldin_____________.

nstructionprojectsdidBeijingstartafterwinningthebid?

rovementoftheairport.

ountrieswanttohosttheOlympicGames?

eithasamajoreffectontheeconomy.

eitbringsinternationalprestigetothecountry.

.

答案：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C