四級英語閱讀

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大學英語四級閱讀理解試題及答案（一）

一

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethothatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecanapplyona

alscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,

shouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanitsfoundation,outlong-term

goalscan

completingourshort-termgoals,weshoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoals

thatwillbuildonthothathavebeencompleted.

ghtdealwith

justonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,

timeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallowyourlftobecomediscouragedor

ompleteeachstep,youwillenforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadn

ourlistofcompletiondatesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrea.

ghtcoverfiveyearsor

ldneverallowalong-termgoaltolimitusorourcourof

action.

g-termgoalsmeanalot__.

mpleteourshort-rangegoals

nnotreachsolidshort-termgoals

itedownthedates

tforwardsomeplans

rt-termgoalsarebulidupon__.

rs

-termgoals

tactivities

lsthathavebeencompleted

completeeachstepofourgoals,__.

winfinalsuccess

verwhelmed

ldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

ldstrongdesireforttingnewgoals

rgoalsaredrawnup,__.

ldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

hangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

etterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

madegreatdecision

pliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.

hohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

gdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

lisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

houldhaveagoal

答案：adcbc

二

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TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofawell-fed,almostfully

occasionalalarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlived

omicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950’s,maybe

ionaloutputwasvalueat

10percentabovethatof1954(1955outputwastimatedat392billiondollars).Theproduction

ofmanufacturerswasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediately

ntry’sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesand

alincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenit

ersspentabout256billiondollars;thatisabout700milliondollarsa

day,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarveryhour,-fivemillionpeople

heldjo

obrversthiswasanominous

echoofthemid-1920’er’sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,

therewere,amongtheobrversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthe

ewemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastandwouldeventuallyleadtothe

oppsite-depression.

thebesttitleofthepassage?

iculaturalTrendsof1950’s

mploymentRateof1950’s

yinthe50’s

eralBudgetof1952

4,theword“boom”couldbestbereplacedby______.

explosion

rousnoi

lpublicsupport

conomicgrowth

einferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesin

1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof_________.

ence

ion

ointment

ion

fthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyinthe1950’s?

ists

s

cians

orkers

aterin1955than

hwasit?

a.60%

b.50%

c.33%

d.90%

答案：cdabc

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三

Womenarealsounderreprentedintheadministrationandthisisbecautherearesofew

1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareportblastingtheUniversityof

versitywasratedamongthe

1987update,Milburncommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeand

calledforevenmoreimprovement.

OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinformwomenof

availableadministrativejobs.

CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditisimportantthat

womanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttoriintheranks.

Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorderforherto

succeed,shemustriabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateonherwork.

UntilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheniorpositionsintheUniversityandall

academia,inequitieswillexist.

"Womenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatareimportant

hereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."

spendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthexualdiscriminationthattheythinkexistshere,

theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."

ingtoSpirduso,womenneedto____.

eareportonxualdiscrimination

rfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditions

heirenergiesandtimefightingagainstxualdiscrimination

oretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities

ispassage,weknowthat_____.

remanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexas

layanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversity

theronthecampusischilly

akeupasmallpercentageoftheniorpositionsintheUniversity

fthefollowingstatementsistrue?

berofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthanthatof1985

berofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthanthatof1985

berofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985

dmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatxualdiscriminationdidexitinthe

University

hepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat_____.

eretoldtoconcentrateonteirwork

eregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobs

ereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversity

ereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities

leforthispassageshouldbe_______.

versityofTexas

n'sReport

rofessors

DiscriminationinAcademia

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答案：ddabd

四

Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,entswillsmoketheir

theirlifetime,itcanbe

expectedthatofthe3000about23willbemurdered,30willdieintrafficaccidents,andnearly

berofdeathsattributedtocigarette

smokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauofdeath.

Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolniorsreached30precent,

hedeclineisimpressive,veralimportant

issuesmustberaid.

First,inthepastveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle.

Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolniorxceededthatamongfemale

,veralrecentstudieshaveindicatehigh

schooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,asmuchas75percent.

Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthepastdecade,no

thiscontext,theNaionalCancerInstiute(NCI)began

itscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasurestoreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.

ingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycaudby_____.

caccidents

g-relateddea

he

aythereareover_____highschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregularsmoker.

a.75b.23c.30d.3000

"dropout"theauthormeans______.

tswhofailedtheexamination

tswholeftschool

tswholosttheirway

tswhoweredrivenoutofschool

sonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat________.

takeneffectivemeasures

gispreventedamonghighschoolniors

remanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

the

impliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat________.

gratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

renowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolniors

okingratesareduetotheinceainwealth

gathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

答案：bdbdb

五

ghsciencehasmade

enormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfitto

archhasshownthatperhapightypercentofallhumanillnessarerelatedtodiet

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andfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,ent

culturesaremorelikelytocaucertaindifferentillnessbecauofthefoodthatischaracteristic

1945,about35yearsago,

governmentrearchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyudtoprervecolorinmeats,andother

foodadditivies,,thecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomes

moredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocesdfoodare

softengivepenicillin

tobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreated

messimilardrugsaregiventoanimalsnotformedicalpurpos,butforfinancial

mersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthe

ghtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontrolthe

procedures,thepracticescontinue.

thebestpossibletitleofthepassage?

dFood

andHealth

dHealth

andDrug

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?

realwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons

theadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditlfandsomearegiventothe

livinganimals

chershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforoverthirty-five

years.

ycaufortypercentofcancerinworld.

sciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?

eofscience,diascaudbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtuallyeliminated.

audalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

eoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenadded

tofood.

entistshaveprervedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

enitratesudfor?

erveflavorinpackagedfoods.

ervethecolorofmeats.

etheobjectsofrearch.

utheanimalstobecomefatter.

d'carcinogenic'mostnearlymeans'_____'.

e-making

-retaining

-making

-causing

答案：cacbd

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,youmustbean

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optimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,refergreys

andblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,dtobe

t,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becautheyhave

beenriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshave

llsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooourfavouriteclouraswe

appentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonas

youopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldeclearly.

wroommakesmost

peoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmth

therhand,bridgeover

theThamesRiver,nearLondon,udtobethesceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeinthe

berofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfell

sharply;perhapsitwouldhavefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

establishedfact

thatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepainted

orangeratherthanblackorgrey.

1."Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means_______.

'tliketofollowothers

ldbeamemberratherthanaleader

ldbeafraidoffollowingothers

ldliketobealeaderratherthanafollower

njoyslife,oneissuretoprefer________.

ellow

orange

rey

yellow

3."Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooourfavouritecoloursaswegrowup."

"Amongotherfacts"means______.

sotherfacts

rdtootherfacts

sideringotherfacts

ingtootherfacts

fthefollowingisfacts?

'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinct

'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.

oplehappentolovebrownbecautheysawsomethingbrownwhentheywere

born

shavelittleinfluenceonourmoods

hocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernearlondonto

othersbecauof_______.

pe

ucture

our

ldingmaterials

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答案：bcaac

十二

whichwereconsideredimpolitemany

ewyearsago,itwasconsideredimpolitebehaviourfora

hothoughtofhimlfbysmokingwhenaladywasinaroom.

anwalkontheleftortherightofa

womaninyourcountry?Ordoesn'titmatter?Shouldyouubothhandswhenyouareeating?

Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealarge

mple,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeopleshakehandswhen

,mostEnglishmenwillopenadoorforawonmanor

offertheirattoawoman,nessisimportantbothinEngland

,ifadinnerinvitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclo

tothattimeorcallsuptoexplainhisdelay.

Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthatmightmake

efoodwasrved,

erguestswereamudorshocked,

dhavebeenbad

mannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.

asacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelateforthedinner?

ldfindanexcu

ldadkforexcu.

ldsaysorry

ldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate.

2."Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishoruncomfortable.""Bad

manners"means________.

est

te

ul

fthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage?

CustomsandCustoms

Life

anandBritishCustoms

nessIsImportant

ingtothetext,thebesthost_______.

isbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortable

isguestsfeelexcited

oavoidbeingnaughtytohisguests

oavoidbeingfoolish

horofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?

stwhoatehispeaswithaknife

erguestswhowereamudorshocked

twhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway

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theabove

答案：dcaac

十三

NewOrleans,Louisiana,wastablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.

ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontroloftheAmerican

ransferredfromFranceto

Spain,returnedtoFrance,ywas

thesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andthe

AmericansunderGeneralAndrewJackson.

TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactuallyhigherthan

holdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareudtomovewaterfromthecityintothe

river.

AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwocenturies,its

anastillretainspartsoftheCode

Napoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.

NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleafoodanditsnative

ksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrenchcolonialhomesandin

rsaresurpridtofindthatbehindthisinteresting

facadeofyesteryear,ndcoalcomefromtheMidwestand

eansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown----butit's

stillfuntovisit.

countsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?

sissippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.

erbedhasraidinthepast200years.

rentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.

hhumiditycannototherwibecomtrolled.

tleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst______.

n

th

eNapoleonwas_______.

ementtollLouisiana

flaws

lan

arycodeforthearmy

fthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeoftheinhabitantsofNew

Orleans?

ntheirFrenchheritage.

etoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.

altoengageintradeandcommerce

ingofDixielandJazz.

tsvisitingNewOrleansaresurpridtoencounter_____.

food

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andjazz

ngcity

ticcolonialhomes

答案：bbbcc

十四

TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'

hereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldecline

istsandengineers.

Since1976,endixpectedto

r,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceof

raddingtotheproblemistheincreadcompetitionforthe

candidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,

scienceandengineeringdeclines,eignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.

Ourinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduate

leveliscompoundedbecauoftheintendemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sand

Master'en,ates,confrontingthecostandfinancial

sacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible.

metoloitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecau________.

holdersisdeclining

berofscientistsandengineersisdecreasing

berof22-year-ildsisdeclining

istsandengineersarenotemployed

ldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom________.

logy

nnationals

eldsaslaw,medicineandbusiness

aduates

-scaleenterprisnowneed_______.

graduatesandpostgraduates

entions

edtechnology

ers

becau_________.

enotencouragedtobeengagedinscience

s

vefinancialdifficulties

llspendmuchtimeandenergycompletingPH.D.

ates"findtheattractionofindustryirresistible"meansthat_________.

ndindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudents

n'tthinktheycanpreventthemlvesfromworkingforindustry

nnotresistanyattractionfromallsides

nnotworkforindustryanylonger

答案：bcadb

十五

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Newdays,hangesforetellanewstandard

erwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebadsolelyonthestrengthof

,militaryeffectivenesswillremainaprimaryprimarymeasureof

'softensaidthat

standardof

opwerandinfluencethativolvingnowplacesmoreemphasisontheabilityofacountryto

competeeffectivelyintheeconomicmarketsoftheworld.

cessinshapingworldeventsover

thepast40yearshasbeenthedirectresultofourabilitytoadapttechnologyandtotakeadvantage

ustrialprowessover

onicthatitisjustthisprowessthathanabledother

countriestoprosperandinturntothreatenourindustrialleadership.

ThecompetitivenessofAmerica'sindustrialbaisanissuebiggerthantheDepartmentof

Defenandisgoingtorequiretheeffortsofthemajorinstitutionalforcesinour

society-government,industry,nottosaythattheDefenDepartmentwill

implycannotbe,norshouldwebe,

lookeduponbyothersasthesaviorofAmericanindustry.

tion'spoliticalinfluencedependson_________.

engthofitsmilitaryforces

litytocompeteinindustry

icmarkets

ndb

ietUnionwasnotlistedasathird-worldnationjustbecauof_________.

erfulmilitaryforces

tland

ustrialcompetitiveness

tributionstoworldpeace

horindicatesthat______isthreateningAmericanpoliticalpower.

ountries

rialba

andardformeasuringpower

vancedtechnology

asucceededinshapingworldeventsoverpast40yearsprobablybecauof

___________.

litytoadapttechnology

litytotakeadvantageofthecapabilitiesofitspeople

litytocompeteintheworldmarkets

ndb

poofwritingthisarticleis__________.

thereaders'attentiontoanewstandardformeasuringpower

nstrateAmericanpoliticalinfluenceintheworld

rialba

Americanindustrialprowess

答案：dabdc