
第七講名詞性從句
1.that引導主語從句時,沒有具體意思,不充當句子成分,只是起標志性的作用,但that不能省略。what引導時,在從句中充當成分,且有意義。
◆It is true that the college will take in more new students. 這所大學將招收更多的新生是真的。
2.whether連接主語從句時,表示懷疑,不能省略,意為“是否”,在句首時不能用if替換。
◆(重慶高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 舊汽車站是否應該被重建為現代化的賓館仍然在商討中。
3.連接代詞、連接副詞引導主語從句時不能省略,并在從句中充當句子成分。
◆It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
這個人為什么沒有盡快報告這個事故,還不清楚。
4.主語從句要用陳述語序,即主謂語序。
(1)用it作形式主語的常用句型有:
①It+系動詞+形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that從句
②It+be+名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that從句
③It+be+過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+that從句
④It+特殊動詞(ems,appears,happens,matters)+that從句
◆It is a pity that I misd the party held last night.
很遺憾我錯過了昨晚舉行的聚會。
◆It is reported that the accident was caud by carelessness.
據報道,該事故源于(司機的)粗心(駕駛)。
(2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advid/ordered+that從句結構中,從句用“(should+)動詞原形”。
[典例] (2015·廣東高考語法填空)Now it occurred to him ____________ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
that解析:固定句型“it occurred to sb.+that從句”表示“某人突然想到”,it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的從句。
單句語法填空
1.(2016·北京高考語法填空)Your support is important to our work.____________ you can do helps.
Whatever解析:句意:您的支持對我們的工作很重要。無論您能做什么都會有所幫助。____________you can do作句子的主語,是主語從句。主語從句中缺少動詞do的賓語,而且指代做的事情,結合句意可知填Whatever。
2.(2017·山東師大附中一模)His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is no surpri____________losing weight is just his dream.
that解析:句意:他最喜歡的食物是油炸類小吃和軟飲料。減肥只是他的夢想一點都不令人吃驚。It是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。從句中結構及句意完整,故用that引導。
3.(陜西高考)It remains to be en____________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
whether解析:句意:新組建的委員會制定的政策是否能實施還有待觀察。It是形式主語,設空處引導主語從句,用whether符合句意。
1.that連接賓語從句時通常可以省略(但多個并列的賓語從句中只能省略第一個that),沒有具體的意思,不充當句子成分,只是起連接作用。what引導時,在從句中充當成分,且有意義。
◆(全國卷Ⅰ)I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.
我寫信是想告訴你我叔叔李明要去你的城市開會。
2.在whether/if連接的賓語從句中,whether/if意為“是否”,但在whether…or not 結構中,或者whether引導的賓語從句作介詞的賓語時,以及whether+to do結構中和whether引導的從句作少數動詞(如leave,put,discuss,doubt,know等)的賓語時,只能用whether,不能用if來替換。
◆We’ve offered her the job,but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it. 我們已經為她提供了這份工作,但我不知道她是否會接受。
◆I don’t know whether to leave or not.
我不知道是否要離開。
3.連接代詞、連接副詞引導賓語從句時不能省略,并在從句中充當句子成分。
◆Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
老師總是告訴我們,如果想要成功,就要相信我們所做的事情以及我們是誰。
4.有些動詞或動詞短語,如like,hate,appreciate,depend on,e to等,一般
不直接跟從句,需要借助it。
◆You may depend on it that she will go with you.
你可以相信她會與你一起去。
5.當主句的主語是第一人稱時,在think,believe,suppo,expect等動詞后的賓語從句若是否定的,就運用否定轉移,將否定詞轉移到主句謂語動詞上。
◆I don’t believe she will attend the meeting.
我認為她不會來參加該會議。
6.it作形式賓語,真正的賓語后置,常用此種結構的及物動詞有find,make,think,feel,consider等。
◆I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
我發現我們在危險中保持鎮靜是很重要的。
7.不論主句為何種句型,賓語從句都用陳述語序。
[典例] (2016·全國卷甲短文改錯)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
how→what解析:句意:我和我的同學正在談論假期做什么。根據句意可知,about 后的賓語從句表達的意思為“做什么”,而不是“怎么做”,故用what。
單句語法填空
1.(2017·貴州貴陽聯考)To our astonishment, we saw a light and some people in a cabin. Jim was to
o frightened to go on but I felt curious, wondering ____________was happening.
what解析:句意:令我們驚訝的是,我們看到在小屋內有一束光和一些人。吉姆太害怕了,不敢繼續往前,但是我覺得很好奇,想知道發生了什么事。設空處引導賓語從句,并在從句中作主語,表示事物,故用what引導。
2.(2017·石家莊一模)Finally, keep in mind____________there are many things that can’t be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.
that解析:考查賓語從句。動詞短語keep in mind后是一個賓語從句,且從句中不缺少成分,因此用that引導。
3.(2017·福建安溪模擬)Success partially depends on ____________you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.
whether解析:句意:成功部分取決于你是否有耐心把簡單的事情做得完美。設空處引導賓語從句,作介詞on的賓語,意為“是否”,故填whether。
1.that連接表語從句時從句為一個句意完整的陳述句,that不能省略,沒有具體的意思,不充當句子成分,只是起連接作用。
◆(全國卷Ⅰ)The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focud on the wrong things.
最后的結果是我們感覺我們沒能集中注意力或我們關注的是錯誤的事情。
2.whether連接表語從句時從句來源于一般疑問句,為一個句意完整、語氣不確定的陳述句。whether不能省略,意為“是否”,不能用if替換。
◆His question is whether they can be friends.
他的問題是他們能否成為朋友。
3.連接代詞、連接副詞引導表語從句時連接詞不能省略,并在從句中充當句子成分。
◆I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
如果我有錢,我會自己做買賣,那就是我想做的事情。
4.表語從句要用陳述語序,即主謂語序。
常見的表語從句句型:
(1)It looks/ems as if…好像……;仿佛……
(2)This is becau…這是因為……(強調原因)
(3)The reason why…is that………的原因是……
(4)That is why…那就是……的原因(強調結果)
(5)The question/problem is whether/when/where…問題是……
(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpo is that…
他的夢想/建議/目標/目的是……
(7)what從句+be+that從句
◆What surprid us most was that he came late again.
最讓我們驚訝的是他又遲到了。
[典例] (2016·北京高考單項填空)The most pleasant thing of the rainy ason is____________one can be entirely free from dust.
that解析:句意:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人們可以完全遠離塵埃的煩擾。這是一個復合句,主句的主語是The most pleasant thing of the rainy ason,is是系動詞,________ one can be entirely free from dust作表語,是表語從句。從句成分及意思完整,只是缺少連接詞,故填that。
單句語法填空
1.(2015·陜西高考短文改錯)My only mistake was ____________ I dropped some on
the floor when I was packing them up.
that解析:引導表語從句,that在從句中不作成分,只起到連接作用。
2.(四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s ____________I was born.”
where解析:句意:“那就是我出生的地方。”奶奶指著那家醫院對我說。前面提到了醫院,所以設空處應該是表地點,故用where引導該表語從句,并在從句中作地點狀語。
3.(2017·河南中原名校聯考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is ____________we often do not know when they are coming.People can not prepare for it.
that解析:句意:地震讓人們很擔憂。原因是我們通常不知道它們什么時候發生。人們沒法做準備。設空處引導表語從句,從句的結構和意義完整,所以用that引導。
在名詞性從句中,同位語從句是比較難理解的一種從句,雖然在近幾年全國卷中沒有直接考查過,但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。
1.that連接同位語從句時從句為一個句意完整的陳述句,that不能省略,沒有具體的意思,不充當句子成分,只起連接作用。另外,注意定語從句中的引導詞that也要在從句中作成分(主語、賓語)。
The news that I pasd the exam is true.
我通過了考試這一消息是真的。
2.連接代詞、連接副詞引導同位語從句時連接詞不能省略,并在從句中充當句子成分。
◆I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.
我不知道那個記者從哪里得到的消息。
[典例] (2016·天津高考單項填空)The manager put forward a suggestion____________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
that解析:根據句意可知“經理提出了一個建議”,建議的內容是“我們應該有個助手”,設空后的從句解釋說明suggestion的內容,且設空處在從句中不作任何成分,也不表示任何含義,應用that。
單句語法填空
1.There is solid evidence ____________ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.
that解析:考查同位語從句。句意:有確鑿證據考查同位語從句。證明觀看3D電影會對觀看者有一些副作用。抽象名詞為evidence證據,that引導同位語從句,只起引導的作用,在從句中不作任何成分,無具體意義。