
英語
------數(shù)詞
▲掌握分?jǐn)?shù)、時間、日期的表達(dá)法。
【】
復(fù)習(xí)要點
(一)基數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目,或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示。
1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand
10,000,000 ten million 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty
100,000,000 a hundred million 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty
1,000,000,000 a billion 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty
70 venty 7 ven 17 venteen
80 eighty 8 eight 18 eighteen
90 ninety 9 nine 19 nineteen
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 a million
10 ten
說明:
1.13—19是由個位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15的拼寫是thirteen和fifteen。
2.20—90由個位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成,注意其中20—50的拼寫分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和
fifty;80的拼寫是eighty。
3.其它非整十的兩位數(shù)21—99是由整十位數(shù)加連字符“-”,再加個位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如: 81
eighty-one。
4.101—999的基數(shù)詞先寫百位數(shù),后加and再寫十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)。如: 691 six hundred and
ninety-one。
5.1000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫千位數(shù),后寫百位數(shù),再加and,最后寫十位數(shù)和個位數(shù)。
如:5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基數(shù)詞中只有表示“百”、“千”
的單位詞,沒有單獨表示“萬”、“億”的單位詞,而是用thousand(千)和million(百萬)來
表達(dá),其換算關(guān)系為:1萬=10 thousand;1億=100 million; 10億=a thousand million=a billion。
6.多位數(shù)的讀法:
1)1000以上的多位數(shù),要使用計數(shù)間隔或逗號“,”。即從個位起,每隔三位加一個間
隔或逗號。第一個間隔或逗號前是thousand(千),第二個間隔或逗號前是million(百萬),
第三個間隔或逗號前是a thousand million或a billion(十億)。
2)每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。讀的時候十位數(shù)(或個位數(shù))的前面一般要
加and。如:
888,000,000讀作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
基數(shù)詞的用法:
1. 基數(shù)詞在句中的作用
基數(shù)詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞,在句中可作定語、主語、賓語(介賓)、表語、同
位語等。
例如:
Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 (作表語)
How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?
I want eight. 我要八個。 (作賓語)
There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。(作定語)
2.Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score這些詞前面如有表示具體數(shù)字的詞,它們不能加
“s”,反之則須加 “s”, 并要與of短語連用。例如:
three hundred people, five thousand years;
thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of trees
(二)序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞,叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞順序。除特殊情況外,序數(shù)詞一般都由
相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。
請見下表:
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
first eleventh twentieth
cond twelfth thirtieth
third thirteenth fortieth
fourth fourteenth fiftieth
fifth fifteenth sixtieth
sixth sixteenth ventieth
venth venteenth eightieth
eighth eighteenth ninetieth
ninth nineteenth hundredth
tenth thousandth
說明:
1.英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式,要注意它們的拼寫。
2.表示“幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。
3.其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應(yīng)的整十基數(shù)詞加個位序數(shù)詞。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。
4.少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth
(第十二)等。
注意:
1.序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個字母。
例如:
第一:(the) first=1st 第二:(the) cond=2nd
第三:(the) third=3rd 第五:(the) fifth=5th
第九十七:(the) ninety-venth=97th
第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st
2.編了號的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序,但是基數(shù)詞要后置。
例如: 第一課:Lesson One 第三十二頁:Page 32
第305房間:Room 305 第12路公共汽車:Bas No.12
序數(shù)詞的用法
序數(shù)詞表順序,主要作定語,其前面須加上定冠詞the,此外,也作主語、賓語、表語
和定語等,這時,被它所修飾的名詞往往被省略。如:The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.
例如:
The first is bigger than the cond. (作主語)第一個比第二個大。
Give me the first. (作賓語)把第一個給我。
She’s often the first to go to school. (作表語)她經(jīng)常第一個去上學(xué)。
We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. (作定語)我們將要學(xué)習(xí)第八課。
(三)分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法
先寫基數(shù)詞表示分子,后寫序數(shù)詞表示分母,如果分子大于1時,分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths
(四)小數(shù)表達(dá)法
小數(shù)點前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則表示,小數(shù)點寫作point, 小數(shù)后的數(shù)字應(yīng)按其數(shù)字直接表
示出來。如:18.38可寫成:eighteen point three eight。
注意:小數(shù)在句中常作定語,尤其在比較方式狀語從句中被使用。如:This stone is 3.5 times
heavier than that one.
(五)百分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法 (根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇使用)
在數(shù)詞后加percent。例如:
15%讀作:fifteen percent;60%讀作:sixty percent
分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)與主謂一致
分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)的考查往往和主謂一致相聯(lián)系。當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時,謂
語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.
我們學(xué)校百分之八十的學(xué)生來自河南。
Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.
我們班四分之三的學(xué)生對英語感興趣。
Two thirds of the water on the earth is a water.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
(六)倍數(shù)的表示法
1. 表示“幾倍大小(長短;數(shù)量)”,由“倍數(shù)+ the size(length, )”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如:
The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.
2. 表示“……比……大幾倍”,由“倍數(shù)+形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than +被比較部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。
如:
This box is three times bigger than that one.
3. 表示“……是……倍”,由“倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞+ as +被比較部分”結(jié)構(gòu)組成。如:
Our factory is twice as big as theirs.
(七)年、月、日和時間的表達(dá)法
1.年份用基數(shù)詞表達(dá),分兩位一讀,年份前用介詞in。例如:
1999 nineteen ninety-nine
2000 two thousand
2001 two thousand and one
2.月份的第一個字母要大寫,有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。例如:
一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月(Apr.),五月May, 六
月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月
November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3.日期的表達(dá)要用序數(shù)詞,讀時前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。
例如:在6月1日:on June 1st 讀作:on June the first.
年、月、日同時表達(dá)時,一般應(yīng)先寫月、日、后寫年。如:
在2001年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2001。
4.年代用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示。
例如:20世紀(jì)90年代:nineteen nineties;21世紀(jì)20年代:twenty twenties
5.時間表達(dá)法:時間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達(dá)。例如:
5:00 five (o’clock)
6:18 six eighteen或 eighteen past six
12:15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
4:30 four thirty或 half past four
6:45 six forty-five a quarter to ven
注意:
1)表示整點時間,直接用基數(shù)詞表達(dá),后邊可接o’clock (也可不加)。表達(dá)“幾點幾分”
時,絕不能用o’clock。
2)表達(dá)“15分”或“45分”時,常用quarter(刻)。
3)在倒讀法中,如果鐘點不過半,須用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點數(shù)”的形式;如果鐘點過半,
則用“差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點(下個鐘點數(shù))”的形式。
( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12
( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was nt to e the “magic cloth” woven by tho two men.
A. two B. the cond C. the two D. cond
( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.
A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th
( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
A. two B. the two C. cond D. the cond
( ) 6. How many students are there in your class?
________.
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
( ) 7. Which number is wrong? _______.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
( ) 8. The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927
( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred
twenty-three
C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and
twenty-three
( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty
( ) 11. This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as
( ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
( ) 13. Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.
A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car
( ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.
A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15.
C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.
( ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of
( ) 16. How many new words are there in ________ lesson?
There are only _________.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five
( ) 17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.
A. In 1970's B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s' D. In the 1970s
( ) 18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.
A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten mile's walk D. tenth mile walk
( ) 19. Today is the first day and ________.
A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth C. cond is Tuesday D. a cond is Thursday
( ) 20. Which room do you live in? ________.
A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201's Room

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