語言提高篇-同義詞

2024年3月8日發(fā)(作者：社會實踐自我總結(jié))

第一篇 語言提高篇

本篇目的和使用建議：

目的：如前面“雅思寫作考試評分標準”所述，語言能力是雅思寫作考試的主要考察目標，本章將從同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換、句型多樣化、連詞的準確使用三個方面幫助考生全面提高語言技巧。

建議：考生以每天定量分期同步學(xué)習(xí)這三方面的語言技能，不必過分追求速度，務(wù)求扎實穩(wěn)健。如：可定量每天學(xué)習(xí)5至6組同義詞+3個句型+一組連詞

第一章 萬用同義詞

同義詞在雅思寫作中的意義已經(jīng)在“雅思寫作考試評分標準”中有比較詳盡的說明。本章的同義詞在各類話題的雅思寫作中都具備高頻需求的特點。局限于某類話題的同義詞將在后面各話題詞匯拓展中提供。

表示“提高，改善，進步，發(fā)展”的動詞同義詞

動詞

advance

名詞

advance

advancement

improvement

Progress

development

注釋

進步或使進步

改善，提高

進步，提高

開發(fā)，發(fā)展

例句

e has advanced significantly in the past century.

Internet has advanced the way people communicate

with each other

Our lives have been improved a lot.

Traffic conditions have hardly progresd, although the

government has adopted some measurements.

crisis can be relead if alternative energies can be

developed.

economy will better develop if there is more cultural

exchange among nations.

tele-communication system has been upgraded by

digital technologies.

r weapons will upgrade social violence all over the

world.

Modern science has promoted our social productivity.

Overpopulation has accelerated the consumption of natural

resources.

improve

progress

develop

upgrade upgrade

升級

promote

accelerate

promotion

acceleration

推動，促進

加速

表示“獲得，取得，實現(xiàn)”的動詞同義詞

動詞

achieve

obtain

acquire

gain

fulfill

accomplish

realize

注釋

獲得，獲取

獲得

獲得

得到

實現(xiàn)，完成

達到，實現(xiàn)

實現(xiàn)

Teamwork is required to fulfill the task.

(fulfill和accomplish用法基本相同)

One of the purpos of taxing is to realize a more balanced wealth

allocation.

例句

Success can not be achieved without effort.

Knowledge can be obtained in many ways.

(obtain, acquire, gain用法基本相同)

表示“造成，帶來，導(dǎo)致”的動詞同義詞

動詞

bring about

produce

create

lead to

cau

result in

give ri to

generate

deliver

by-produce

注釋

帶來

造成，制造

制造

導(dǎo)致

導(dǎo)致

導(dǎo)致

造成，使。。。更加嚴重

產(chǎn)生

帶來

附帶制造

例句

The globalization has brought about extensive cultural exchange.

Advertiments produce more profit for business.

We should create value for society, not problems.

Stress leads to health problems.

Drink and drive caud the accident.

Air transport also result in pollution.

The increasing number and u of automobiles gives ri to traffic

problems.

New ideas need to be generated.

The media deliver massive information to us.

While modern technologies have enabled humans to have stronger

productivity, they have also by-produced some negative effects.

表示“影響，起作用”的動詞同義詞

動詞

impact on/upon

affect

influence

impress on

infect

名詞

impact(s)

effect

influence

impression

infection

注釋

影響

影響

影響

影響

感染

例句

The rapid changes impact on everybody.

People’s mood is likely to be affected by the weather.

Teachers influence students.

What is reported by the media often impress on the public.

We are suppod to infect other social members to be aware of

environmental problems with our enthusiasm.

impress on 尤指對人的思想的影響

infect通常用于傳染疾病，但也表示用情感或氣氛感染他人

influence的形容詞influential非常常用，表示“有影響力的”

表示“改變，重新塑造”的動詞同義詞

動詞

change

alter

transform

update

innovate

名詞

change

alternation

transformation

update

innovation

注釋

改變

改變

徹底改變

更新

創(chuàng)新

例句

People’s opinions and lifestyles have changed a lot.

Scientists have altered the world.

The country has transformed since it was opened to the

world.

Knowledge is now updated on a daily basis.

To innovate is to progress.

另有remodel, redesign, reengineer，reform 和restructure等詞表示“重塑，改革重新改造”之意的及物動詞，多為褒義，表示積極改造了什么。

Some people say Bill Gates has remodeled the US economy.

The road systems in most mega cities require to be restructured to cope with modern transport.

表示“對。。。有利，對。。。有好處”的動詞同義詞

動詞

benefit

benefit from

be beneficial to

favour

be favourable to/for

profit

profit from

be preferential for

do good to

注釋

對…有好處

從…中受益

對…有好處

對…有利

對…有利

對…有益處

從…中獲益

對...有優(yōu)惠

對…有好處

例句

The new policies will benefit rural development.

It is wi to learn to benefit from previous experience.

A variety of food is beneficial to health.

The contract ems to favour us.

The past focus of the government was favourable for urban

growth.

Superb language abilities firstly profit the survival of new

migrants and international student.

Most societies profit from the cultural globalization.

Taxation should always be preferential for low-income people.

The computer and the Internet does good to information

delivery.

表示“對。。。不利，對。。。有壞處，破壞”的動詞同義詞

動詞

harm/ do harm to

Hurt/ damage

destruct /undermine

jeopardize

ruin/destroy

demolish/smash

spoil

endanger/threat

hazard/risk

put something in danger

注釋

傷害，破壞

傷害，損壞

破壞

危害

毀壞，毀滅

拆除，粉碎

搞糟，溺愛

威脅，危及

例句

Smoking does harm to health.

Tourism might damage the ecology.

The environment has been undermined by industries.

The scandal jeopardizes the president’s reputation.

Drug abu will ruin a person’s life.

Shanties have been demolished to make place for new

residential buildings.

Bad behaviour spoils a person’s image.

Children nowadays are spoiled.

Industrial pollution endangers wild lives.

使。。。糟危險

Smokers also risk the health of non-smokers.

使。。。糟危險

High tech communication is putting our sociability in danger.

expo something to risk

使。。。糟危險

To allow unhealthy information to appear in the media is to

expo the young to the risk of misbehaving.

表示“加強, 加重”的動詞同義詞

動詞

enhance

注釋

加強, 提高

例句

The capability of pollution treatment has been enhanced as a

result of the application of environmentally friendly

technologies.

People’s ability of preventing against infective dias has

been strengthened by means of modern medication.

The government reinforced road safety control.

Violence will be intensified by nuclear weapons.

strengthen

reinforce

intensify

加強, 鞏固

加強, 增援

加強, 加重

表示“惡化”的動詞同義詞

動詞 注釋 例句

deteriorate

exacerbate

worn

（使）惡化

（使）惡化

（使）惡化

Traffic conditions deteriorated becau of accidents.

Poverty, unemployment and illiteracy exacerbates criminal

intention.

The bad weather worned her mood.

表示“減輕，緩解，釋放，解決”的動詞同義詞

動詞

lighten

ea

weaken

abate

relea

relieve

liberate

ttle

solve

cope with

注釋

減輕

減輕，放松

減弱

減輕, 緩解

緩解，釋放

緩解，釋放

解放，釋放

解決

解決

解決，應(yīng)對

例句

Measurements are expected to lighten the study burden of

children.

Life is ead by technologies.

The abu of technologies has weakened people’s capabilities.

To abate pollution disposal is more effective than to passively

treat the wastes.

People do not have much time to relea their stress.

Houwives have been relieved from heavy home chores

owing to the wide u of electrics.

Human labours have been liberated by machines.

To ttle the problem, measurements must be taken.

(the same as “ttle”)

People have to keep learning to cope with the fast changing

world.

表示“強調(diào)，集中于…, 提倡，宣揚”的動詞同義詞

動詞

emphasize

stress

focus on

concentrate on

advocate

promote

propagandize

adverti

注釋

強調(diào)，著重

強調(diào)，著重

聚焦，注視

集中于…

倡導(dǎo)，鼓吹

促進，發(fā)揚

宣傳，傳播

做廣告

例句

Exams are excessively emphasized by educators.

The protection of cultural heritages must be stresd.

The government tend to focus on urban development.

Students can hardly concentrate on their studying if they are

addicted to computer games.

Moral codes are expected to be advocated in our society.

A n of social responsibility ought to be extensively

promoted.

It is ridiculous that nuke makers are propagandizing for

nuclear disarmament.

The purpo of commercial promotions is to adverti

products.

表示“忽視，忽略, 低估，看輕”的動詞同義詞

動詞

neglect

overlook

ignore

underestimate

注釋

忽略

忽略

忽略

低估，輕視

New graduates are likely to be biad and their capabilities

例句

Smoking in public neglects the interest of non-smokers.

undervalue

underrate

despi

disregard

低估

低估，輕視

鄙視，蔑視

鄙視，蔑視

tend to be underestimated.

It is immorality rather than poverty that should be despid

表示“尊重，在乎，賞識”的動詞同義詞

動詞

value

appreciate

mind

care about

treasure

respect

注釋

重視，在乎

賞識，欣賞

在乎，介意

在乎，重視

珍視，重視

尊重

例句

Your opinions are valued.

Applied technologies are highly appreciated by modern

society.

To follow social rules is what we should mind.

People ud to care about their families, but now we have

become lf-centred.

Historic buildings are suppod to be treasured.

Respect others, and then be respected.

表示“保障，確保, 保護, 防御，預(yù)防”的動詞同義詞

動詞

guarantee

cure

ensure

assure

promi

pledge

safeguard

protect

defend

prevent

注釋

保證，保障

保證，保障

保證，保障

保證，保障

保證，保障

保證，抵押

保證，保衛(wèi)

保護

防御

預(yù)防

The government is expected to pledge a larger literacy rate in

the next year.

The army safeguards the country.

We need to protect wild lives from further hurt.

Anti-virus software defends people from hacker attacks.

Modern medical techniques prevent people from being

infected by some dias.

例句

Citizens’ rights and interests are guaranteed by the law.

Life can be basically cured by the welfare system.

Safety is ensured by obedience to laws and rules.

表示“面臨，遭遇，經(jīng)歷”的動詞同義詞

動詞

encounter

confront

注釋

遇到，面臨

面臨，遭遇

例句

Young people need to learn to cope with problems they might

encounter in society.

1． Most international students will confront the problem of

homesickness.

2． A entirely different cultural environment will confront

international students with confusion.

3． Overas students are often confronted with a variety of

problems.

face

experience

面對

經(jīng)歷

(用法與encounter, confront基本相同)

One of the significance of overas study is to experience

another culture.

undergo

Suffer （from）

endure

stand

bear

經(jīng)歷，遭遇

遭受，承受

忍耐

忍耐, 承受

忍耐, 承受

The country is undergoing economic crisis at the moment.

Aged people suffer a lot from disabilities.

Human society will have to endure the heavy burden

produced by the aging of population.

用法與endure基本相同

表示“服從，遵從”的動詞同義詞

動詞

obey

comply with

follow

obrve

keep to

注釋

服從

遵守，遵從

遵守，遵從

遵守

遵守

例句

In Chine culture, children are suppod to obey their

parents on no condition.

Road safety can be guaranteed if everybody complies to

traffic rules.

Schools are responsible for teaching students to follow moral

codes.

It is a very basic quality to obrve the law.

People tend to keep to their own customs even in a different

culture.

表示“違反，違背，侵犯，觸犯”的動詞同義詞

動詞

disobey

violate

breach

break

offend

act against

go against

infringe

infract

注釋

不服從

觸犯，違犯

違背，大破

違反，打破

冒犯，侵犯

違反

違反

觸犯

觸犯

People’s rights are often offended by camera surveillance.

Some immature young people think it is cool to act against

school discipline.

The police will nd you a ticket if you are found to have

infringed traffic rules.

例句

Teenagers, rebellious as they are, are very likely to disobey

their parents.

The privacy of celebrities are often violated by paparazzi.

Penalty is the pay for breaching the law.

表示“采取措施，致力于…”的動詞同義詞

動詞 注釋 例句

Effective measurements are expected to be adopted to cope

with the increasingly rious traffic problems.

Students need to work on English before they go to further

their education overas.

Factories are suppod to make effort on reducing pollution.

The whole society should make commitment to solving

environmental problems.

The government has approached the overheating of the stock

adopt measurements to

采取措施

do sth.

work on (doing) sth.

致力于

make effort on (doing)

致力于

sth.

make commitment to

致力于

(doing) sth.

approach sth.

動手處理

market.

表示“對…負責(zé)任”的動詞同義詞

動詞

be responsible

(doing) sth.

be obliged to do sth.

be liable for (doing) sth.

to share/take

responsibility

(doing) sth.

注釋

for

對…有責(zé)任

對…有責(zé)任

對…有責(zé)任

例句

Parents are partially responsible for the behaviour of their

children.

The government is obliged to rve the public.

It is every individual’s duty to follow social rules.

Employers are liable for insuring their employees.

Business are suppod to share half of the responsibility for

taking care of their retired employees.

Individuals should voluntarily shoulder the obligation for

protecting public resources.

it is one’s duty to do sth.

對…有責(zé)任

the

承擔(dān)…的責(zé)for

任

to shoulder the

承擔(dān)…的責(zé)obligation for (doing)

任

sth.

to bear the liability for

承擔(dān)…的責(zé)(doing) sth.

任

表示“幫助, 資助, 援助”的動詞同義詞

動詞

offer help to sb./sth.

provide aid to sb./sth.

assist

help

financially

sb./sth.

subsidize

sponsor

注釋

向…提供幫助

向…提供幫助

幫助

幫助

support

資助

例句

Teachers are obliged to offer help to students who suffer from

psychological problems.

The government is suggested to provide extra aid to

underdeveloped areas.

Computers can assist education but can hardly replace

teachers.

Parents can help the young overcome difficulties.

The public transport system is financially supported by the

authorities, the fare cannot be so cheap otherwi.

The Olympic Games is sponsored by thousands of firms.

資助，給津貼

To subsidize traditional artists is to save national culture.

贊助

表示“使用，利用”的動詞同義詞

動詞

employ

hire

make u of

u

utilize

adopt

注釋

應(yīng)用，雇傭

租用，雇傭

利用

使用，利用

利用

采用

例句

Sophisticated technologies are employed in space rearch.

Most business have not yet hired environmentally friendly

technologies.

China is making full u of the opportunities brought about by

the 2008 Olympic Games.

The younger generation can better u the computer.

Natural resources are limited and therefore should be utilized

in the most effective way.

Powerful measurements are suppod to be adopted to solve

the problem.

apply sth. to sth.

把…應(yīng)用于…

Modern technologies are applied to almost every aspect of our

lives.

表示“放棄，廢止，淘汰，清除”的動詞同義詞

動詞

give up

abandon

quit

eliminate

era

remove

get rid of

注釋

放棄，戒除

拋棄，放棄

退出，放棄

淘汰，清除

除去，抹去

移開，清除

去掉，擺脫

例句

It is not easier to give up smoking than to quit drugs.

Schools cannot simply abandon the so-called bad students.

People cannot entirely quit traditions.

Unskilled people get eliminated in this age.

Unhealthy information must be erad from the media.

表示“交流，溝通”的動詞同義詞

動詞

communicate

exchange

interchange

talk to

注釋

交流，溝通

交換，交流

交換，交流

交流，對話

例句

The purpo of the media is to communicate information.

Cultural exchange is significant in the relationship between

nations.

People interchange their ideas while discussing.

The two sides are talking to each other.

表示“被認為，被看作”的動詞同義詞

動詞

be regarded as

be considered

be perceived as

be recognized as

be acknowledged as

注釋

被看作

被當(dāng)作

被看作

被公認

被承認

例句

The Internet is regarded as one of the greatest inventions of

the 20th century by most young people. For tech-phobias,

however, it is considered a disaster.

The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games is recognized as to be very

successful.

表示“立法，制定法規(guī)，管理，約束”的動詞同義詞

動詞

legislate to do sth.

Make laws to do

注釋

例句

表示“重要的、顯著的、關(guān)鍵的”的形容詞同義詞

形容詞 副詞 注釋 舉例

important

significant

crucial

esntial

vital

critical

primary

importantly

significantly

crucially

esntially

vitally

critically

primarily

重要的

顯著的，重要的

重要的

重要的，必須的

至關(guān)重要的

至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵的

主要的，最重要的，基本的

an important factor

a significant progress

a crucial condition

a esntial measurement

a vital part

a critical person

a primary concern

此外，prime (最主要的)，major (主要的)，key（關(guān)鍵的）, main（主要的）和core（核心的）等詞也常常會用到。

表示“好處，益處”和“壞處，缺點”的名詞同義詞

名詞

benefit

merit

advantage

profit

positive effect

excellence

注釋

好處（可數(shù)）

優(yōu)點（可數(shù)）

利益，利潤（可數(shù)）

積極效應(yīng)（可數(shù)）

優(yōu)異之處

名詞

harm

defect/shortcoming/drawback

loss

negative influence

trouble

problem/headache

side effect

注釋

害處

缺點（可數(shù)）

缺點，不利之處（可數(shù)）

損失

負面影響

麻煩

問題（可數(shù)）

負面作用（可數(shù)）

優(yōu)點，優(yōu)越之處（可數(shù)）

disadvantage

表示“好的，優(yōu)秀的，優(yōu)越的”和“不好的，欠缺的”的形容詞同義詞