美國針灸師執照考試(—)

2024年3月13日發(作者：彼得德魯克)

美國針灸師執照考試（—）

遼寧中醫藥大學 (110032)

朱 愛 松

摘要：自1971年7月《紐約時報》的著名記者詹姆斯（James Reston）來華訪問發

表了“北京之行”報道；1972年美國總統尼克松首次訪華后所掀起的“針灸熱”，將神奇

的中醫帶到了美國。經過35年的進一步交流，中醫在美國由早期的普及、市場的需求，

慢慢向主流化、規范化發展。目前美國的50個州中大部分州已先后通過了針灸立法，并

將其列入醫療保險報銷范圍。筆者在長期從事留學生教育過程中，將所了解到的美國針灸

師考試作以總結。

主題詞：美國；針灸；執照考試

美國針灸師執照考試有兩種。一種是國家針灸師資格考試委員會舉辦的針灸師考試

(NCCAOM)；另一種是加州針灸執照考試（CA）。

現主要介紹美國國家針灸師資格考試委員會舉辦的針灸師考試 (NCCAOM: The

National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine)。

NCCAOM考試合格證書是專業水平證書。持有NCCAOM考試合格證書者，要想取

得行醫權利，必須向所在州政府衛生局及執照頒發管理局提出申請，取得針灸執照后，方

可注冊行醫。NCCAOM每年進行3次（2月、6月、10月）針灸師資格認定考試。美國

目前50個州中除了ALABAMA、CALIFORNIA、GEORGIA、IDAHO、KANSAS、

KENTUCKY、MISSISSIPPI、NEBRASKA、NEVADA、NORTH DAKOTA、OHIL、

OKLAHOMA、SOUTH DAKOTA、TENNESSEE、WYOMING等州外均承認NCCAOM

的考試，并作為申請各州針灸師執照的必備條件之一。目前在世界各地有13，000余人擁

有NCCAOM資格證書。

NCCAOM針灸考試始于1985年，分為理論考試（7個小時）和穴位定位(一個小時)

兩部分。前者要完成265道選擇題，內容為中醫基礎理論（Foundations of Oriental

Medicine）、針灸（Acupuncture Module）、生物醫學（Biomedicine）；后者要在紙質

彩色圖譜上進行點穴25個。

要申請參加美國NCCAOM針灸考試，首先要具備參加NCCAOM針灸考試的資格。

凡參加考試者必須接受過正規針灸教育。如正規全日制中醫學院畢業，授課學時不少于

1725小時，至少已完成1065小時的中醫理論教育和660小時的臨床實習，完成學業、

獲得畢業證書者；正規全日制中醫學院在校生要完成授課學時不少于1450小時，至少已

完成1100小時的中醫理論教育和350小時的臨床實習者也可申請考試。中國教育部下屬

正規中醫學院的本科畢業生以及美國全國針灸及中醫院校資格鑒定委員會承認的30所中

醫學院的畢業生，均可按此項規定獲得考試資格。從2001年開始，接受正規針灸教育已

成為美國唯一可獲得針灸考試資格的途徑。

學徒：由各州認可的中醫教授帶徒，理論和實踐課學時總計不少于4000小時，總時

間至少3年，不超過6年。在此學徒期間，每年至少診治100名不同的病人，診治次數至

少500次以上。

專業針灸實踐：每年至少要診治100個不同的病人，做過至少500次的針灸治療，至

少要有4年的記錄并提供證明。

若以上3項單項均不合要求，還可以3項綜合，總計綜合分達40分以上即可。

考試可以任選英文、中文、韓文進行。若用非英文進行考試，尚需考托福，托福要求

550分以上。近年來，不斷有些州相繼要求只有用英文進行考試者方可申請執照。

附NCCAOM針灸考試樣題，僅供參考：

1. A bedridden patient prents with flushed cheeks, pale lips, minor

restlessness and thirst for hot drinks. Becau you suspect a ca of true Cold and

fal Heat, you expect the pul to be

a. rapid and weak b. slow and weak

c. bowstring and rapid d. strong and flooding

2. Lingering headache with an empty nsation in the head, accompanied by

paroxysmal darkness before the eyes and blurred vision, is due to

a. upward disturbance of phlegm b. invasion of exogenous pathogenic

factors

c. insufficiency of Qi and blood, and loss of Yin esnce d. stagnation of blood

3. The meeting point of the Lung Divergent Channel with the Large Intestine

Channel is

a. Jianyu(LI 15) b. Neck-Futu(LI18)

c. Hegu(LI 4) d. Yingxiang(L120)

4. A patient complains of headaches, dizziness, palpitations, frequent dreams,

and inability to sleep at night. The patient is very forgetful and irritable, and has a

flushed face. The pul is deep, thread and rapid. In this ca, the correct diagnosis

is

a. Heart Fire flaring upward b. Phlegm (Tan) blocking Heart orifices

c. deficiency of Heart Yin d. deficiency of Heart Yang

5. For this patient, the most appropriate needle treatment would u points

a. Hand-Zhongzhu(SJ 3)(TH 3) and Laogong(P 8) b. Shenmen(Ht 7) and

Juque(Ren 14)(CV 14) c. Taichong(Liv 3) and Jiaoxin(K 8) d. Guanyuan(Ren 4)(CV 4)

and Qihai(Ren 6)(CV 6)

6. The best point to stop bleeding in the lung due to Heat would be

a. Kongzui(Lu 6) b. Shousanli(LI 1 O)

c. Quchi(LI 11) d. Zhouhai(K 6)

7. Which of the following points is on the transver crea of the wrist in the

articular region between the pisiform bone and the ulna, in the depression on the

radial side of the tendon of m. flexor carpi ulnaris

a. Yinxi(H 6) b. Daling(P 7)

c. Shenmen(H 7) d. Houxi(SI 3)

8. A male patient in his early 30s comes to you complaining of a chronic mild a

chiness and weakness of the lumbar region and bothers knees. His pul is sinking,

his general appearance is pale, and he complains of general fatigue. Bed rest is the

only way that he can ea the backache, which always grows wor after exertion.

He tends to need more sleep than the average person. This condition is

characteristic of

a. Phlegm accumulation in lower heater b. Trauma to the lower back

region

c. Pathogenic Wind, Cold and Dampness in the channels d. Xu(deficiency) of

Kidney Qi

9. Your treatment principle for this ca would be

a. Stimulate dispersal of phlegm by promoting excretion b. Disper the

pathogenic Factors and build Wei Qi c. Notify Kidney Qi d. Promote flow of

Qi and Blood to speed healing

10. Which of the following combinations of points would you lect for this

disorder?

a. Shenshu(UB 23), Mingmen(Du 4), Taixi(K 3)

b. Renzhong(Du 26), Weizhong(UB 40), Yaoyangguan(Du 8), Shenshu(UB 23)

c. Dachangshu(UB 25), Kunlun(UB 60), Tainshu(St 25)

d. Pishu(UB 20), Sanyinjiao(Sp 6), Zusanli(St 36)

11. A 30-year-old female patient complains of having a stiff neck and stiffness

in the shoulders. If you wish to u confluent points of the eight extra channels

which of the following would be correct to u

a. Lieque(Lu 7), Zhaohai(K 6) b. Neguan(P 6), Gongsun(Sp 6)

c. Foot-Linqi(GB 41), Zusanli(St 36) d. Houxi(SI 3), Shenmai(UB 62)

12. A patient complains of a persistent dry cough with difficult expectoration,

night sweats, and recurring low fever in the afternoon. Your tentative diagnosis is

deficiency of lung Yin. What further signs would you look for to confirm your

diagnosis?

a. Frothy white sputum; slippery pul; thick tongue fur

b. Rapid thread pul; flushing of jaw or cheeks; dry lips and mouth

c. Shortness of breath; red tongue with grayish-yellow fur; fever and chills

d. Cold limbs; spontaneous perspiration; pale tongue and complexion

13. The symptoms of abdominal distention, edema, deafness, pain in the outer

cantus, swelling of the cheeks, and congested and sore throat are indicative of

dysfunction of which of the following channels

Shao Yang Tai Yin

c. Hand Shao Yang d. Hand Yang Ming

14. A male patient is treated for symptoms associated with the Taiyang stage.

The next day, he complains of fever perspiration, and a fear of heat. In this ca,

the dia has most likely progresd from the Taiyang stage to the

a. Taiyin stage b. Shaoyang stage

c. Shaoyin stage d. Yangming stage

15. Several bilateral penetrating pain, especially in the nape and occipital area,

may be accompanied by dizziness, irritability, a suffocating feeling in the chest, a

bitter taste in the mouth, and a sticky tongue such cas, the most

effective points would be

a. Baihui(Du 20)(GV 20), Houxi(SI 3), Zhiyin(UB 67), Taichong(Liv 3)

b. Fengchi(GB 20), Kunlun(UB 60), Houxi(Sl 3)

c. Touwei(St 8), Yintang(Extra), Shangxing(Du 23)(GV 23), Hegu(Ll 4), Neiting(St

44)

d. Taiyang(Extra), Shuaigu(GB 8), Waiguan(SJ 5)(TH 5), Foot-Linqui(GB 41)

16. A male patient complains of feeling cold, but he refus covers. He also

complains of feeling thirsty, but he likes only cold drinks. He also has dark yellow

urine and constipation. The physical findings are indicative of

a. Alternating Cold and Heat b. True Cold/Illusionary Heat

c. True Heat/Illusionary Cold d. Separation of Yin and Yang

17. A patient prents with insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, red tongue and

palpitations. In this ca, you would expect which of the following puls

a. Thready b. Rapid and wiry

c. Full and rapid d. Constrained

18. A patient prents with the following symptoms: Chills, cold limbs, sallow

complexion, and abnce of thirst, listlessness, lassitude, spontaneous sweating,

loo stools, and clear urine in large amount, deep slow weak pul, and pale

tongue with white coating. What type of syndrome do the symptoms indicate?

a. Cold syndrome of Shi (excess) type b. Interior cold syndrome

c. Exterior cold syndrome d. Cold syndrome of the Xu(deficiency) type

19. In acute epigastric pain or stomachache, which one of the following is the

best choice for acupuncture treatment?

a. Zusanli(St 36), Liangqiu(St 34), Gongsun(Sp 4), Zhongwan(Ren 12)(CV 12)

b. Zusanli(St 36), Shangqiu(Sp 5), Fenglong(St 40), Juque(Ren 14)(CV 14)

c. Zusanli(St 36), Zhangmen(Liv 13), Tianshu(St 25), Shangjuxu(St 37) ~

d. Zusanli(St 36), Pishu(UB 20), Shenshu(UB 23), TaixiO( 3)

20. According to the theory of Yuan (Source) points and Luo(Connecting)

points, the points ud for treatment of a deficiency of Spleen Yang are

a. Taibai(Sp 3), Shangqiu(Sp 5) b. Taibai(Sp 3), Chongyang(St 42)

c. Taibai(Sp 3), Fenglong(St 40) d. Taibai(Sp 3), Gongsun(Sp 4)

21. Fullness in the abdomen, irregular menstruation, and leucorrhea, pain in

the lumbar region, and weakness or motor impairment of the lower limb are

pathological symptoms of a disorder in which of the following Extra channels

a. Dai/Belt Channel b. Yang Heel/Yangqiao Channel

c. Yin Heel/Yinqiao Channel d. Penetrating/Chong Channel

22. Which of the following describe ctions of the Foot Taiyang Bladder

meridian?

a. A branch descends from the vertex to area above the ear.

b. It begins at the inner cantus of the eye, ascends across the forehead, and

cross to the vertex.

c. A branch parates in the lumbar region, cross the buttock, and descends

to the popliteal fos of the knee.

d. A branch parates on the dorsum of the foot and runs between 1st and

2nd metatarsal bones.

23. Which meridian has a branch that ascends behind the ear and reaches the

comer of the anterior hairline?

a. Hand Taiyang Small Intestine b. Hand Shaoyang Triple Energizer

c. Hand Yangrning Large Intestine d. Foot Yangrning Stomach

24. Which statements are true?

a. The three hand Yin meridians run from the chest to the finger.

b. The three hand Yang meridians run from the finger to the head.

c. The three foot Yang meridians run from the head to the toe.

d. The three foot Yin meridians run from the toe to the chest.

25. Which pairs of meridians begin and in the chest respectively?

a. Yang and Yin b. Yin and Yang

c. Yang and Yang d. Yin and Yin

26. Which of the following describe part of the circulation of the Du Mai

Governing Vesl?

a. It reaches the top of the head. b. It intercts the Bladder meridian.

c. It threads through the spine, d. It spreads over the abdomen.

27. Which of the following statements are true regarding where the twelve

organ meridians begin and end?

a. The associated Yang and Yin meridians interchange circulation (one ends

and the other begins) at the end of the extremities.

b. The hand and foot Yang meridians of the same name interchange

circulation in the teed or face.

c. The Yin meridians interchange circulation with other Yin meridians in the

chest.

d. The Yang meridians interchange circulation with the other Yang meridians in

the neck.

28. Which of the following list the correct order that Qi circulates through the

meridians?

a. Liver meridian, Gallbladder meridian, Triple Energizer meridian

b. Stomach meridian, Spleen meridian, Pericardium meridian

c. Kidney meridian, Lung meridian, Large Intestine meridian

d. Large Intestine meridian, Stomach meridian, Spleen meridian

29. Which type of insomnia would you treat with a combination of Pishu(BL

20), Xinshu(BL 15),shenmen(HT 7), and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)?

a. Deficient Heart and Spleen b. Deficient Kidney Qi

c. Imbalance between Heart Yang and Kidney Yin d. Excess Liver Yang

30. What should your treatment of epilepsy ek to accomplish?

a. Clear away Heart Fire and tranquilize

b. Disper and rectify the Depresd Liver Qi

c. Expel Wind and relea Heat

d. Extinguish Wind and eliminate Phlegm

31. Which of the following combinations would best treat a patient with

symptoms of dizziness, arc us nile ,general fatigue, pale face, palpitations,

insomnias, and a weak thin pul?

a. Baihui (GV 20), Taiyang(EX-HN 5), Fengchi(GB 20), Lieque(LU 7)

b. Baihui (GV 20), Danshu(BL 19), Xingjian(LR 2), Fengchi(GB 20)

c. Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu(BL 23), Guanyuan(CV 4), Zusanli(ST 36)

d. Zhongwan (CV 12), Neiguan(PC 6), Jiexi( ST 41), Fenglong( ST 40)

32. Which of the following ear point combinations would best treat headache

problems?

a. Forehead, Occiput, Ear Shenmen b. Heart, Adrenal, Temple

c. Central Rim (Brain), Heart, Liver d. None of the above

33. Which of the following combinations would best treat dizziness due to

Phlegm-damp?

a. Fenglong(ST 40), Zhongwan(CV 12) b. Danshu(BL 19), Xingjian(LR 2)

c. Pishu(BL 20), Zusanli(ST 36) d. Baihui(GV 20), Qihai(SC 6)

34. Which of the following combinations forms the best basic recipe for

treating edema?

a. Guanyuan(CV 4), Guilai(ST 29), Taichong(LR 3), Yinlingquan(SP 9)

b. Shuifen(CV 9), Qihai(SC 6), Sanjiaoshu(BL 22), Zusanli(ST 36)

c. Danshu(BL 19), Yanglingquan(GV 34), Yinlingquan(SP 9), Taichong(LR 3)

d. Ganshu(BL 18), Shenshu(BL 23), Qihaishu(BL 24), Danshu(BL 19)

35. Which of the following would you u as a main point for treating facial

edema?

a. Lianquan(CV 23) b. Shuigou(CV 26)

c. Dicang(ST 4) d. Yingxiang(L120)

36. If a patient falls down due to wind stroke with ten syndrome, what is the

major acupuncture prescription?

a. DU 26, P 9, S 40, LV 3, P 8 b. S 7, S 6, LI 4, GB 20

c. P 9, LV 3, S 40, LI 4 d. LI 4, DU 20, S 6, LV 3

37. For deviated mouth and eyes due to wind stroke, not only S 4, S 6, LI 4, S 44

should be ud, one can also add

a. DU 26 b. SJ 17

c. SJ5 d. LV3

38. Headache, body ache, nasal congestion with discharge, itchy throat, cough

with thin sputum, aversion to cold without sweating, floating and tight pul, thin

white tongue coating. One should choo

a. DU 14, LI 11, LI 4, Shi Xuan b. DU 14, LI 11, LI 4, SJ 5

c. LU 7, GB 20, LI 4, UB 12 d. L120, GB 20, SJ 5, S 40

39. What is the major function if points such as DU 14, UB 12, LU 1 are

combined together

a. Dispel wind, calm asthma b. Regulate channels, stop pain

c. Ventilate Lung, relieve exterior d. Clear heat, detoxify

40. For exogenous pathogenic attack causing cough with sore and swollen

throat, besides using major points one should also add

a. LU 10, LU 6 b. LU 11, LU 5

c. REN 24, LU 9 d. REN 22, LU 7

41. REN 17, P 6, S 36, SP 4, GB 34, and LV 3 are ud to treat vomiting caud

by

a. Stomach heat b. Food stagnation "

c. Phlegm accumulation d. Liver Qi stagnation

42. What are the major points for acute diarrhea due to damp heat?

a. REN 12, S 25, S 36, SP 9 b. UB 20, REN 12, LV 13, S 36

c. S 36, S 25, DU 4, REN 4 d. UB 20, LV 13, S 37, S 39

43. When treating damp-heat dyntery, in addition to the major points one

can also add

a. UB20, UB21 b. REN 12, UB21

c. LI 4, LI 11 d. REN 4, REN 12

44. Frequent urination, painful urination, occasional prence of calculi in the

urine, in addition to the major points, one can also add

a. K6, UB 23 b. K6, SP6

c. LV8 d. UB 39, K6

45. For chronic lung T.B causing hoar voice, in addition to points for lung T.B.,

one can add

a. DU 15, REN 23 b. H 5, DU 15

c. UB 15, REN 22 d. LU 9, LI 17

46. For palpitation due to exuberance of internal fire caud by Yin deficiency,

in addition to the major points, one can add

a. UB 13, LU 5, S 40 b. UB 20, UB 22, UB 24

c. UB 17, UB 20, S 36 d. UB 14, UB 23, K3

47. DU 20, REN 6, LIB 18, UB 23, UB 20, LI 4 and S 36 combinations are ud to

treat headache caud by

a. Wind attacking the channels and collaterals causing vertex headache

b. Liver Yang rising causing headache and dizziness

e. Chronic headache, stubborn and hard to cure

d. Qi and Blood deficiency, dizziness and heavy nsation

48. When treating wandering Bi, in addition to the major points, one can also

add

a. GB 20, Du 16 b. UB 17, SP 10

c. UB 23, SP 6 d. LI 11, GB 34

49. What is the most appropriate acupuncture treatment for toothache, local

swelling and pain, foul breath, thirst, constipation, rapid and surging pul, yellow

coating

4, S 6, SJ 5, GB 20 b. LI4, S 6, $44, S 7

4, K 3, LV 2, S 7 d. LI4, S 6, S 5, SI 18

50. When treating tinnitus and deafness due to hyperactivity of fire in the liver

and gallbladder, in addition to the major points, one can also add

a. LV 2, UB 48 b. UB 18, DU 9

c. LV 2, GB 41 d. LV 6, LV 4

正答： 01:b 02:c 03:b 04:c 05:b 06:a 07:c 08:d 09:c

11:d 12:b 13:c 14:d 15:b 16:c 17:c 18:d 19:a 20:c

21:a 22:a,b,c 23:b 24:all 25:d 26:a,b,c 27:a,b,c 28:d 29:a 30:d

31:c 32:a 33:a 34:b 35:b 36:a 37:d 38:c 39:c 40:b

41:d 42:a 43:c 44:d 45:d 46:d 47:c 48:b 49:b 50:c

基金項目：遼寧省教育廳科學基金資助項目（05 L 259）

作者簡介：朱愛松 女 1973年9月18日生 2006級博士研究生 講師

AMERICAN ACUPUNCTURE LICENSING EXAMINATION

10:a

Liaoning Chine Medicine University （110032）

Zhu Ai Song

Abstract：Since James Reston, renowned reporter of NEW YORK TIMES, visited

China and published “line of the Beijing” in July, 1971 and the visit of late

American President Nixon in 1972 raid the world-wide surge of acupuncture, the

mysterious Chine medicine has existed in US for 35 years. It also developed from

early market demand to standardize slowly. At prent, most of US 50 states

pasd the acupuncture legislation and acupuncture treatment is also included in

the medical insurance system. The author has been engaged in the foreign student

education for a long time, this thesis summarized the American acupuncturists

tests according to the author’s understanding.

Keyword: US; Acupuncture; Licensing Examination