四種翻譯方法
1.直譯和意譯
所謂直譯，就是在譯文語言條件許可時，在譯文中既保持原文的內容，又保持原文的形式——特別指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一個民族語言都有它自己的詞匯、句法結構和表達方法。當原文的思想內容與譯文的表達形式有矛盾不宜采用直譯法處理時，就應采用意譯法。意譯要求譯文能正確表達原文的內容，但可以不拘泥與原文的形式。（張培基）
應當指出，在再能確切的表達原作思想內容和不違背譯文語言規范的條件下，直譯有其可取之處，一方面有助于保存原著的格調，另一方面可以進新鮮的表達方法。
Literal translation refers to an adequate reprentation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chine language in the quence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be ud.
Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章）
直譯法是指在不違背英語文化的前提下，在英譯文中完全保留漢語詞語的指稱意義，求得內容和形式相符的方法。
意譯是指譯者在受到譯語社會文化差異的局限時，不得不舍棄原文的字面意義，以求疑問與原文的內容相符和主要語言功能的相似。（陳宏薇）
簡單地說，直譯指在譯文中采用原作的的表達方法，句子結構與原句相似，但也不排除在短語層次進行某些調整。
意譯指在譯文中舍棄原作的表達方法，另覓同意等效的表達方法，或指對原作的句子結構進行較大的變化或調整。（楊莉藜）
Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics:
1, literal translation takes ntences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the cour of translating.
2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main ntence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.
Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its ntence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde).
練習：
1.He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.
他走在送葬隊伍的前頭，還不時用一條大手絹擦一擦他的鱷魚淚。
2.It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good.
對有些人有害的事情可能對另一些人有利。
3.Every dog has his day.
人人皆有得意日。
4.It means killing two birds with one stone.
這意味著一石二鳥。
這意味著一舉兩得。
這意味著一箭雙雕。
5.你不要班門弄斧。
Don’t display your axe at Lu Ban’s door.
Don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
Never offer to teach a fish to swim.
6.Nixon was smiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly.
尼克松滿面春風，基辛格更是笑容可掬。
7.在我的后園，可以看見墻外有兩株樹，一株是棗樹，還有一株也是棗樹。
Behind the wall of my backyard you can e two trees: one is a date tree, the other is also a date tree.
8.油蛉在這里低唱，蟋蟀們在這里彈琴。
Here field crickets droned away while hou crickets chirped merrily.
9.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a French man.
法國人的性格混合有老虎和猿的成分。
法國人的性格既殘暴又狡猾。
虎惡狐狡，兼而有之，這就是法國人的性格。
10.Every spirits you take is a nail in your coffin.
你喝的每一杯酒都在縮短你的性命。
你喝的每一杯酒都是你棺材上的一顆釘子。
11.The first time I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly took my breath away.
大半生前第一次見到她，她差點兒把我的呼吸帶走。
大半生前第一次見到她，我就驚呆了。
12.蘆笛巖是桂林最精彩的巖洞。
Reed Flute Cave is the most magnificent of all in Guilin.
13.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.
不必擔心太早。
不必自尋煩惱。
14.Do you e any green in my eye?
你以為我是好騙的嗎？
15.I want a man who will throw his hat over the Chindwin and then lead his troops after it.
我要的是這樣一個人，他決心在親頓江破釜沉舟，然后率領部隊前進。
16.Ruth was uptting the other children, so I showed her the door.
魯斯一直在擾亂別的孩子，我把他攆了出去。
17.The operation may not succeed; it’s a gamble whether he lives or dies.
手術不一定成功，能否保住他的性命，只能一賭。
18.But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided to end it.
六載婚姻生活，風雨交加，賽維決定結束這種婚姻。
