2021年北京中考英語沖刺

2021年北京中考沖刺-回答問題類閱讀理解專項練習

（一）

We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer(節儉的消費者) is

one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean?

U It Up

You can u things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the

tube. U the last little piece of soap. Don't throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the

box.

Wear It Out

You do not always need to have new things. Suppo your sneakers have broken laces, but

they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer. You don't have the latest iPhone until the old

one doesn't work anymore. Then you can get a new one. Think twice before replacing something

that still works.

Make It Do

When something you want is not on hand, look for something el that you already have to

take its place. Suppo you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You

are out of butter. Have a chee sandwich instead so that you can u all of the chee. Learn to fix

broken toys instead of just throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do,

instead of buying something new.

Do Without

Think about all tho things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long

will you really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want us up

your world's resources(資源). And, getting rid of the things we don't want any more takes up even

more resources and space.

we need to be responsible for our environment?

do we deal with the last little piece of soap?

do we need to get a new iPhone?

should we do when something we want is not on hand？

does the writer want to tell us?

Keys:

.

the last little piece of soap/ U it.

old one doesn't work anymore

for something el that you already have to take its place.

we should do to be a frugal consumer , in order to be responsible for our environment.

（三）

This 12-year-old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean

Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there. She reached down to

pick them up, and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with. It

emed impossible to clean them all up.

Du, 12 years old at the time, tried to solve the problem like any good scientist—first, by

doing a little rearch. That’s how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans

every year.

Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem; a

remote-operated vehicle(), or ROV. Her ROV can move through water and find

遙控潛水器

plastics on the ocean floor.

The actually cool part of Du’s ROV is the detection() system. She us a camera along

探測

with three different kinds of light to find the plastics. She also us visible() light to find

可見的

unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out.

“She has a very good engineering n to break down a problem like this and then go after

it,” says engineer Cay Machado. “It sounds simple, but it’s a level of thinking that’s really

amazing. ”

Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old,

and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV. She says actually getting

her ROV to move through water well was not easy. She failed many times, but she never gave up

trying and testing.

When asked about future plans, she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate()

氣候

change. “I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions,” says Du.

Du thanks her parents, who for years have taken her to student outreach activities, for

supporting her interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM). She says she has

been able to meet students and scientists there.

“I know I want to be an engineer becau I like building things to help solve world problems,”

says Du. “But I’m not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet.”

1What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach?

．

2How old was Du when she did a little rearch to solve the problem?

．

3What can Du’s ROV do?

．

4Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future?

．

5What made Du succeed in building her ROV?

．

Keys:

noticed plastics.

2At the age of 12. / When she was 12 years old.

．

3It can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor.

．

4Becau she likes building things to help solve world problems.

．

5Her good engineering n to break down a problem, the engineering skills necessary to build

．

it, her persistence(not giving up) and her parents' support.the careful obrvation, the

（另外答出

awareness of protecting the oceans

也可酌情給分）

（四）

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean. Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving

（北冰洋）

islands. As temperatures have incread, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear.

Scientists have discovered huge wavesin the arctic waters.

（海浪）

The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleky Marchenko and his

students t out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.

On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles

from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice.

"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracksaround," he

（裂縫）

remembers.

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he

thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced

small waves, and then bigger ones. Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into

thousands of smaller pieces

．

Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's

navigationsystem finally recorded the largest waves. They were more than 20 feet in height.

（航行）

The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the

ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could

happen so fast. The waves in the areas ud to be small.

The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when

they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are

unprepared for huge waves or depend on a ice to protect them. Wildlife like polar bears and

walrus that depend on a ice to live is also in danger.

Some scientists think people will soon e even bigger waves in the icy waters. As waves

break up ice, the as will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are

stormy times ahead.

did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?

did Marchenko and his students t out on the trip?

did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?

high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

is Paragraph 7 mainly about?

Keys:

May.2010.

e they wanted to study the icy waters.

moved the ship deeper into the ice.

than 20 feet.

5.The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic.

（五）

When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no

letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?

In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing

grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F,

which ems to leave out the letter E. The fact”Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or

．

I grade for “incomplete”.

Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been

ud pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.

The first college in the US to u a letter grading system like the ones we u today is Mount

Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to u the following grading scale:

A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)

D: 75%(barely pasd) E: below 75%(failed)

We can e the inclusion of E instead of F.

Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many

schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to is no evidence() to really

證據

support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and

parents might mistake E for “excellent”.

Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler

during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an

increa in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this

new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.

Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect() student

反映

learningHoweveras teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the

。，

letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar() and easy for parents to understand. So while

熟悉

they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.

1what does an F stand for in the ABCD and F grading system?

．、、、

2when was the letter grading system first ud in the US college?

．

3what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?

．

4what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?

．

5why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?

．

Keys:

1It stands for “fail”

．

2In 1897

．

3Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”

．

4They thought this new letter grading system was an easy fair and clear way to grade students

．

5Becau the letter grades are familiar and easy for parents to understand

．

（六）

What’s in a Name?

Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?

Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name-- their first name. In the 11th

century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get

confud. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there

were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A cond

might be called William from the hill. A third,William the blacksmith. And a fourth,

（鐵匠）

William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William

John’s son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.

It was 300 or 400 years before the extra names gradually developed into last

（附加的）

names, or surnames. They were pasd on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert,

the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his

father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert

Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle class had

surnames were bad on father-son relations. The “son of” part was added to the father’s firstname,

like Johnson, meaning John’s son. Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”, as in Jones or

es like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common

type of surname. A third kind of surname was bad on a person’s job. Forester was someone who

looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller

became common. The fourth kind of surname was nickname. A man who surname was

（綽號）

Bear might be as fierce as a bear.

Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the

English language is Smith. Being able to make metalsinto tools was an important skill in

（金屬）

the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American

surnames are Smith,Johnson, William and Brown.

1Where do many American names come from?

．

2When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?

．

3How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?

．

4What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?

．

5Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages?

．

Keys:

d

the middle ages.

3.300 or 400 years.

surnames were bad on father—son relations.

e being able to make metals into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages.

（七）

Camping in your backyard is full of fun, whatever your age. It's great for keeping us relaxed.

It offers chances to check the night sky and to be noisier than usual. It lets us have friends over to

stay who might not fit inside the hou! Follow the instructions and you'll have a night you’ll

never forget!

Put up your tent.

Depending on the number of family members and guests, you may need more than one tent.

Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Follow the instructions or check out the articles on

how to put up a tent on the Internet.

Prepare your bedding.

You'II want your guests to be able to relax in comfort. Put something soft to lie on on the

floor: A blow-up air mattress or thick comforters may work well. Fill the tent with soft toys and

blankets (毯子). Have lightweight sleeping bags or cotton blankets. They are especially important

if you live where the night temperatures drop greatly.

Prepare a ating area.

If you have a picnic table, that would work best. If not, t up a few chairs and a small table

to t out drinks and food. A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun, so that your friends

can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn 't wet!

Make memories.

Plan some activities. You're camping in the backyard, so it's time to make the most of being

outdoors.

Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members, and your friends.

Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for

everyone!

1．Is camping in the backyard great fun?

2．What can we do to help relax our guests?

3．What is a simple choice to prepare a ating area?

4．How do we make memories?

5．What is the passage mainly about?

Keys:

1．Yes.

2．Put something soft to lie on on the floor.

3．A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun.

4．By taking photos of us, our family members and friends.

5．What fun of camping is and how we have a great camping.