高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練答案解析4

2023年12月4日發(作者：客服常用話術)

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2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（1）

Passage One (Advertirs Perform a Uful Service to the Community)

Advertirs tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for

criticism. Their critics em to rent them becau they have a flair for

lf-promotion and becau they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s

iniquitous,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that)

should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the

big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of

their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t

create mass markets for products. It is precily becau of the heavy advertising that

consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpo

of advertising is to ll goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A

great deal of the knowledge we have about houhold goods derives largely from the

advertiments we read. Advertiments introduce us to new products or remind us of

the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing

machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price,

etc., from an advertiment.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertiments, but this claim may be

riously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertiments the days. And

what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would

be like without advertiments. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading

railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only cloly printed

columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertiment makes such a

difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our

pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist

without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by

advertirs. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every

newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously uful rvice they perform for the

community! Just about anything can be accomplished through the columns. For

instance, you can find a job, buy or ll a hou, announce a birth, marriage or death

in what ud to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most

fascinating ction is the personal or ‘agony’ column. No other item in a newspaper

provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature.

It’s the best advertiment for advertising there is!

1. What is main idea of this passage?

A. Advertiment.

B. The benefits of advertiment.

C. Advertirs perform a uful rvice to communities.

D. The costs of advertiment.

2. The attitude of the author toward advertirs is ________.

A. appreciative.

B. trustworthy.

C. critical.

D. dissatisfactory.

3. Why do the critics criticize advertirs?

A. Becau advertirs often brag.

B. Becau critics think advertiment is a “waste of money”.

C. Becau customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.

D. Becau customers pay more.

4. Which of the following is Not True?

A. Advertiment makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.

B. We can buy what we want.

C. Good quality products don’t need to be advertid. D. Advertiment makes our life colorful.

5. The passage is ________.

A. Narration.

B. Description.

C. Criticism.

D. Argumentation.

Vocabulary

come in for ( sth. ) 是某事物的對象，吸引（某事物），獲得

flair 天資，天分

iniquitous 極邪惡的，極不公正的

drab 單調的，乏味的

subsist 活下去，生存下去，維持下去

hatch 孵化（指生孩子）

match 匹配，婚姻

dispatch 派遣，發送

agony 極大痛苦，煎熬

agony column （報刊中關于個人疑難問題征詢意見的）讀者來信專欄

難句譯注

Advertirs tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for

criticism.

【參考譯文】廣告商總是雄心勃勃（想得很大），也許這就是為什么他們老挨批評。

Their critics em to rent them becau they have a flair for lf-promotion.

【參考譯文】他們的批評者似乎對他們很氣憤，因為他們在自我抬高/標榜上很有天分。

No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep

insight into human nature. 【參考譯文】報紙任何其他欄目都難以提供如此有趣的文章，或提供對人性的內涵如此深刻的洞察。

It’s the best advertiment for advertising there is.

【參考譯文】這是廣告中最佳的廣告。

寫作方法與文章大意

文章以因果、對比的手法寫出有沒有廣告的后果及廣告的真正作用。文章首先指出廣告商遭批評的原因：廣告商夸大和人們認為廣告浪費錢財、商品價格就搞；然后作者以有無廣告的后果突出其功能，沒有廣告，商品價更高，生活單調、乏味。有了廣告，商品價低，生活豐富多彩，人們獲取各種信息。

答案詳解

. 廣告對社會的服務很有用。作者從三方面來敘述廣告作用：第二段點出如果廣告不為產品開辟廣大的市場，我們就得付出很多錢，正是因為大量的廣告費用，消費者的商品才會那么便宜。廣告除銷售商品外，其重要的功能在通知/告訴信息，有關家用商品的許多只是來自廣告，還有新產品的介紹。

第三段講了美化環境功能。如果火車站的墻上和報上沒有廣告，那會怎么樣。一幅悅人心目，機智的廣告將改變一切。

第四段講了它為我們省錢：別忘了廣告對我們口袋作出積極的貢獻。報紙、電臺、電視臺公司沒有這筆收入很難生存。我們的報紙，我們付給很少，或者說，我們能享受那么多的節目完全是因為廣告商花的錢。如果要我們付報紙的全價，那我們要花多少錢！

最后一段講了各種專欄的功能。人們可以在這些欄目找工作、買賣房子、宣布婚喪嫁娶信息。這些都圍著一個中心：廣告對社會服務的有用性。

. 廣告。太籠統。B. 廣告之優點。文章不是講優點，而是講服務于社會的功能。D. 廣告費用。

. 欣賞/贊賞。從上述注釋也可推知是A項。最重要的，作者提出種種功能，是為了反駁第一段內提到的論點：完全是非生產企業每年吸收幾百萬鎊，這說明這些大公司利潤有多高。最重要的是消費者付的廣告費等。反駁更說明了A項對。 B. 值得信任。 C. 批評。 D. 不滿意。

A. 因為廣告商常常愛吹。見難句譯注1.。

B. 因為批評者認為廣告浪費錢。 C. 因為廣告促使消費者購買不必要的東西。 D.

因為消費者支付更多。

. 優質產品不需要廣告。一切產品都需要廣告，新產品、老產品都需要。

A. 廣告對我們的口袋作出貢獻。 B. 我們可以買到我們所需的。 D. 廣告使我們生活豐富多彩。這三條都提到也是真實的。

. 文章一開始就提到對廣告的批評，然后作者以對比的手法說明其功能。

A. 敘事。B. 描寫。 D. 議論。

Passage Two (Exploration on the Origin of Continents)

The origin of continental nuclei has long been a puzzle. Theories advanced so far

have generally failed to explain the first step in continent growth, or have been subject

to rious objections. It is the purpo of this article to examine the possible role of

the impact of large meteorites or asteroids in the production of continental nuclei.

Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an obliterating

effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such an extent

that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an unambiguous

answer to the question of continental origin. Paradoxically, clues to the origin and

early history of the surface features of the Earth may be found on the Moon and

planets, rather than on the Earth, becau some of the bodies appear to have had a

much less active geological history. As a result, relatively primitive surface features

are prerved for study and analysis. In the ca of both the Moon and Mars, it is

generally concluded from the appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they

have been subjected to bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological

history. Likewi, it would appear a reasonable hypothesis that the Earth has also been

subjected to meteoroid bombardment in the past, and that very large bodies struck the

Earth early in its geological history.

The large crater on the Moon listed by Baldwin has a diameter of 285 km. However, if we accept the hypothes of formation of some of the mare basins by impact, the

maximum lunar impact crater diameter is probably as large as 650km. Bad on a

lunar analogy, one might expect veral impact craters of at least 500km diameter to

have been formed on Earth. By applying Baldwin’s equation, the depth of such a

crater should be about 20km. Baldwin admits that his equation gives excessive depths

for large craters so that the actual depth should be somewhat smaller. Bad on the

measured depth of smaller lunar crater. Baldwin’s equation gives the depth of the zone

of brecciation for such a crater as about 75km. The plasticity of the Earth’s mantle at

the depth makes it impossible to speak of “bracciation” in the usual n. However,

local stress may be temporarily sustained at that depth, as shown by the existence of

deep-focus earthquakes. Thus, short-term effects might be expected to a depth of

more than 50km in the mantle.

Even without knowing the preci effects, there is little doubt that the formation of

a 500-km crater would be a major geological event. Numerous authors have

considered the geological implications of such an event. Donn et al. have, for example,

called on the impact of continent-size bodies of sialic composition to from the original

continents. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known

sialic meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a

wide dismination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of

impact.

Gilvarry, on the other hand, called on meteoroid impact to explain the production of

ocean basins. The major difficulties with this model are that the morphology of most

of the ocean basins is not consistent with impact, and that the origin and growth of

continents is not adequately explained.

We agree with Donn at al. that the impact of large meteorites or asteroids may have

caud continent formation, but would rather think in terms of the localized addition

of energy to the system, rather than in terms of the addition of actual sialic material.

1. A mare basin is ________.

A. a formula for determining the relationship between the depth and width of craters. B. a valley that is filled in when a spatial body has impact with the moon or the earth.

C. a planetoid (small planet) created when a meteorite, upon striking the moon, breaks

off a part of the moon.

D. a dark spot on the moon, once suppod to be a a, now a plain.

2. The writer does not believe that ________.

A. an asteroid is larger than a meteorite.

B. material from space, upon hitting the earth, was eventually distributed.

C. the earth, at one time, had craters.

D. ocean were formerly craters.

3. The article is primarily concerned with ________.

A. the origin of continents.

B. the relationship between astral phenomena and the moon.

C. differences of opinion among authoritative geologists.

D. the relationship between asteroids and meteorites.

4. Sialic material refers to ________.

A. the broken rock resulting from the impact of a meteorite against the earth.

B. material that exists on planets other than the earth.

C. a composite of rock typical of continental areas of the earth.

D. material that is man-made to simulate materials that existed far back in geological

history.

Vocabulary

1. meteorit 隕石，隕星

2. asteroid （火星和木星軌道間）小行星

3. obliterate 除去，消減……痕跡

4. crater 火山口，隕石坑

5. mare 海，（也指月亮，火星上的）陰暗區

6. impact 撞擊

7. impact crater 隕石坑，撞擊火山 8. brecciate 合成角礫巖

the zone of brecciation 角礫巖地帶

9. mantle 地幔

10. stress 應力

local stress 局部（本身）應力

11. sialic 硅鋁的

12. probability 概率，可能性

13. disminate 傳播，分散，浸染

14. morphology 組織，結構，形態（學）

15. astral 星（星狀體）的

難句譯注

1. Unfortunately, the geological evolution of the Earth’s surface has had an

obliterating effect on the original composition and structure of the continents to such

an extent that further terrestrial investigations have small chance of arriving at an

unambiguous answer to the question of continental origin.

[結構簡析] 句中用such…that 句型。

[參考譯文] 遺憾的是，地球表面的地質變化對大陸原始結構和組成起了抹煞的作用。這種消除作用達到了這種程度，使進一步的大陸的研究工作很難對大陸起源問題去得明確的答案。

2. In the ca of both the Moon and Mars. It is generally concluded from the

appearance of their heavily cratered surfaces that they have been subjected to

bombardment by large meteoroids during their geological history.

[結構簡析] in the ca of 就……說，至于……，論到……。

[參考譯文] 拿月亮和火星來說，一般都從它們表面嚴重的隕石坑得出結論：它們在其地質進化過程中遭到過巨大的隕星的撞擊。

3. Two major difficulties inherent in this concept are the lack of any known sialic

meteorites, and the high probability that the energy of impact would result in a wide

dismination of sialic material, rather than its concentration at the point of impact. [結構簡析] that clau 是high probability 的說明同位語。

[參考譯文] 這一概念本身固有的兩大難點是缺乏任何已知的硅鋁隕石和下列現象的高概率：即撞擊的能量會導致硅鋁材料廣泛分散，而不是集中于撞擊點上。

寫作方法與文章大意

文章一開始就說明了此文論述“大陸核生成過程中大的隕星的撞擊作用。”由于地球表面地質進化抹去了大陸原始結構和組成的痕跡，只好由月亮和火星作為研究對象來說明地球。從三方面來論述：一是鮑德溫的方程式，深度和寬度；二是硅鋁組成；三是海洋盆地。最后結論。

答案祥解

1. D. 是月球上的一個黑點，一度認識是海，現在知道是平原。Mare basin海盆地。詞義本身說明D項對。另一方面，第二段開始提及“鮑德溫所列出的月球上最大的隕石坑直徑為285公里。可是，如果我們接受了某些由于撞擊而形成海盆地的結構假設，那么月球上最大隕石坑的直徑可能有650公里大。”這里都說mare

basin指的是月球上隕石坑。這就排除了A，B，C三個選項。

A. 是測定隕石坑深度和寬度的公式。 B. 當某一天體或地球撞擊時填入的深谷。 C. 當隕星撞擊月亮時，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星體。

2. D. 海洋是原來的隕石坑。倒數第二段“另一方面，Gilvarry 用隕星撞擊來解釋海洋盆地的形成。這一模式的最大困難在于大多數海洋盆地結構和撞擊情況不符。”

A. 小行星大于隕星。 B. 來自太空的材料，在撞擊地球時，均勻分布。 C.

地球一度有過隕石坑。這三項明顯不對， 談不上相信不相信。

3. A. 大陸起源。這在文章一開始就點明“大陸核起源長期以來一直是個謎。進展到現在的理論一般都不能說明大陸生長的第一步情況，或者遭到嚴厲的反對。這篇文章的目的就是要研究大隕星或小行星的撞擊在地球核生成中可能起的作用。”另見難句譯注1。

B. 星際現象和月球的關系。 C. 權威地質學家意見分歧。 D. 小行星和隕星之間的關系。 4. C. 地球大陸地區特有的巖石構成。第三段第三句：“舉例說，Donnetal.提出大陸區域大小的，硅鋁結構的天體撞擊形成最初的大陸塊的設想。”其它見難句譯注3。

A. 由于隕星撞擊地球形成破碎的巖石。 B. 存在于地球之外其它星球的材料。

C. 人造材料模擬存在于遙遠地質史上的材料。三項文內都沒有提到。

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