英文報告

2023年12月11日發(作者：寶寶挑食)

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第 講 第 三 章 第 周

星期 第 節

標題: Module 3: Business Reports (英文報告的寫作)

授課班級

能力目標：

Enable the students to write short formal reports with correct format and sufficient

上課地點

information.

教學目標

使學生能根據所提供的情景和條件，寫出格式正確，內容較完整的英文商務報告。

知識目標：

Make students to learn about the format and contents of business reports.

了解英文商務報告的格式，掌握商務報告的主要內容組成部分。

重點難點及解決方法

教學重點：

The format and the content of the business report.

英文商務報告的格式和內容。

教學難點：

How to carry out the investigation and how to re-arrange the information collected from the

survey.

如何開展調研，如何整理調研數據。

解決辦法：

Create a business report writing activity and ask students to write the reoort by

themlves first. Then make the comparison and analysis to make clear the

requirement of the business report.

提供一個商務報告寫作的場景，先讓學生自己寫報告，比較小組成員間報告的優劣并加以點評，再與樣文比較分析，明確寫報告的要素。

思考或作業: 后記：

Write a business report according to the following task: Find a

company in your city and do some investigation there. Write an

informal report to analyze the possibility of re-investment of the

profit this year. There’re some suggested projects: 1) computer

replacement; 2) some language in-rvice training cours; 3)

extra bonus.

根據要求開展調研，在此基礎上進行簡單的商務報告的撰寫。

1 教學內容

Step One: Lead-in

After studying this chapter, students will be able to:

◇write business reports.

Step Two: Objectives propod

教學方法輔助手段

In this module, students are expected

to learn about the format and contents of business reports;

to write short formal reports with correct format and sufficient information.

Step Three: Task raid

1. Your try

Students are given a business report writing situation which includes writing a

feasibility report to Mr. Jiang, General Manager in Zhejiang Sunshine Cashmere

Co., Ltd. They are asked to write a business report according to the given

situation.

項目教學

法

2. Communicative activities

Divide the class into veral groups and exchange their outlines with other

members in the group. Ask the students to decide which one is the best and list

the reasons why it is the best. U the following hints when the students are

discussing and making decision.

小組討論Notes:

式教學法

1) What is a feasibility report? Can you explain it in your own words? Can you

give an example to explain?

A feasibility report is one that evaluates a program or a strategy-to-be. It is bad

on a clo study of the program and a full consideration on the advantage and

disadvantage of the future effect. A feasibility report provides crucial help in any

啟發式教major business decision’s being made. The example: to analyze the possibility of

學法

applying flextime system in the company…

2) What kind of information must be got before you write this report? Make a

list.

提問式教(1) the prent smoking problem in the company, including the number of

學法

smokers; complaints of the smoking staff; complaints of other non-smoking

staff; complaints of some of the clients…

(2) where to t up the smoking lounge;

(3) the cost on tting-up or converting a smoking lounge;

2 教學內容

Step Four: Sample analysis and summary

1. Provide the sample business report outline and make an analysis

1) Find out the main components of this sample report outline and name them

2) Check the result and analyze them

(1) The definition of a short formal report

A short formal report is ud to document the results of an experiment, a

design, or to pass on any type of information in a formal style. When writing a

short formal report, it is important to ensure good English u and to follow the

correct format. A short formal report that has been done correctly will leave the

reader understanding what has been done, why it was done, and the conclusion

on what was done.

When writing a short formal report, you should be sure to consider who

your audience is and what the needs of the reader are. You need to write in a

style which communicates your message easily and without excess details. Be

sure to stay on what your report is about and stay on topic. Headings work well

to help keep your audience on track and they make the report easier to read.

Make sure that the report flows nicely by using transitional words like “further,

besides, therefore”, or “hence”. Of cour there are many other transitional

words you can u.

In business world, people write short formal reports under various names,

such as marketing report, investigation report, feasibility report, etc.

(2) The format of a short formal report

A short formal report is of special importance for beginners of report

writing as it is more operable in format and content. It usually includes the

following ctions:

-- Title Page

-- Terms of Reference/Introduction: This is an introductory part of the report

answering questions like why the report is written, what the report is about, and

when the report needs to be submitted.

-- Procedure/Method: This is where you explain how and where the

information was gathered.

-- Findings: This ction of the report should contain the information that you

have found as a result of your procedure. You will need to include the facts and

figures that have been collected. You can u tables, graphs and charts.

-- Conclusions: This is where you show what you think of the information you

have found. Make sure that you clearly show how you come to your conclusions,

and that they are bad on your findings.

-- Recommendations: This is where you must say how the problem can be

solved. This must be bad on the findings of the report.

3

教學方法輔助手段

案例分析法

個別化自主學習

比較分析式教學法

實訓方法：修訂與改錯

教學內容

教學方法輔助手段

-- Appendices: An appendix is the additional information you refer to in the

實訓方法：report and wish to conclude as evidence or demonstration of the full findings.

翻譯

Step Five: Individual study and discussion (5 minutes)

1. Provide two more samples for students to learn themlves. They can make

實訓方法：pair discussion on the samples according to what have been taught.

企業實踐2. Give the instruction:

教學

Report 1: a marketing report

A marketing report helps busy marketers differentiate their products and rvices, and

achieve maximum profitability for their companies.

Report 2: a recommendation report

A recommendation report conveys information, the writer’s analysis, and the writer’s ideas

about appropriate actions that might be taken.

-- Bibliography: This is a list of your references.

Step Six: Practices

1. Revising

Students revi their own memos. The teacher gives some person-to-person

instruction.

2. Translating

1) Then the students will be given some basic ntence patterns, and the teacher

will explain some key points.

2) Students check the answers in pairs.

3) The teacher provides the sample answers.

3. Consolidation task

Write a business report according to the following task: Find a company in your

city and do some investigation there. Write an informal report to analyze the

possibility of re-investment of the profit this year. There’re some suggested

projects: 1) computer replacement; 2) some language in-rvice training cours;

3) extra bonus.

4 商務報告是指針對某種特殊的、有意義的商務目的，向一個人或多個人提供的公正、客觀和有計劃的事實陳述。報告中所陳述的事實必須與事件、條件、質量、進展、結果、問題或提議的解決方案有關，幫助當事人了解復雜的商業情況，計劃進程，解決問題，使上級領導就一系列事件做出決策。

商務英語報告則是以英語語言撰寫的商務報告。按種類劃分，常見的有：事件調查報告（Investigative Reports）、意見調查報告（Survey Reports）、周報告（Weekly

Reports）、月度報告（Monthly Reports）、進展報告（Progress Reports）、市場調查報告（Market Rearch Reports）、可行性研究報告（Feasibility Reports）等。盡管這些報告都有自身的特點，但它們都遵循商務英語報告總體寫作原則。

今天我們先來看一下商務英語報告寫作的總體原則：

在撰寫商務英語報告時，應確保報告內容準確無誤（Accurate）、簡明扼要（Brief），結構清晰（Clear），建議明確果斷（Decisive），故簡稱ABCD原則。具體內容如下：

? 內容準確無誤：報告的正確性不僅僅是指英語語法、標點符號和拼寫，更重要的是其內容要敘述的正確。報告的事實陳述部分既不能因嘩眾取寵而夸大其詞，也不能因其涉及的令人不愉快的消息而低調陳述。實事求是、準確無誤是報告寫作的重要原則。

? 內容簡明扼要：報告的長短一般取決于報告的內容及其正式程度。正式報告篇幅一般較長，而非正式報告則較短。不論何種報告，報告的語言必須簡潔、流暢，切忌陳詞濫調。一份拖沓冗長的報告不僅寫時費力，對方閱讀更浪費時間。撰寫商務英語報告時要盡量避免羅嗦，用盡可能較少的文字，完整、清楚地表達需要表達的意。

? 結構清晰明了：用數字、符號標明段落、層次、要點等，加強邏輯性，使讀者一目了然。

5 ? 建議明確果斷：多數報告都有結論和建議部分，是報告的核心。撰寫時，應確保報告的結論和建議是經過充分論證而得出的，而且應明確果斷，切忌模棱兩可。

在撰寫報告之前，應做好充分的準備。因此，撰寫者不妨應先回答以下幾個問題：

? 報告的目的：為什么寫這份報告？

? 報告的讀者：誰是報告的讀者？他（們）知道什么信息？他（們）需要什么信息？

? 報告的素材：撰寫這份報告需要收集哪些信息？到哪里去收集這些信息？

? 報告的結構：如何構思報告？如何做到報告結構清晰，便于讀者閱讀？是否需要自己設計報告的格式還是公司有現成的格式可以參照？

? 報告的寫作期限：報告何時須上交？

回答完以上問題后，可以按照以下四個步驟進行運作：

1. 收集信息（Collecting Information）：收集信息可以采取口頭或書面形式。口頭形式包括面對面溝通或電話溝通獲取信息等；書面形式指的是用辦公室便函（Memos）、電子郵件（Emails）、問卷調查（Questionnaires）等手段向公司內部或外部索取信息。此外，查閱公司的相關材料（如產品目錄、價格單等）也屬于書面收集信息形式。

2. 謀篇布局（Planning the structure）：確定報告寫作的目的，對收集到的信息進行整理、分類，刪除無關信息。然后按照信息的重要程度進行合理排列，列成提綱。若需要擺放插圖或圖表，也應在這一階段確定其在報告中的位置。

3. 撰寫草稿（Writing the draft）：撰寫報告的各個部分。

6 4. 校對編輯（Proofreading and editing）：校對編輯報告寫作的最后一個過程也是極其重要的一個過程，很遺憾這一過程往往被人忽視。撰寫人寫完草稿后應對報告進行全面檢查，檢查的具體內容包括兩方面：一是語言，包括語法、拼寫、標點符號、語言風格等；二是信息，包括數據、圖表、觀點等。檢查后，應對報告進行編輯，盡量做到報告便于讀者閱讀。

摘要

1.寫作攻略

摘要是對原始文獻（或文章）的基本內容進行濃縮并寫成語義連貫的短文。它以迅速掌握原文內容梗概為目的，不需加入任何主觀評論和解釋，但必須簡明、確切地表述原文的重要內容。摘要寫作要求簡明扼要，用詞準確。摘要題型寫作是難度非常大的一種寫作形式。隨著考生英語水平的不斷提高，這種題型引起考生的普遍重視。寫作摘要時應該注意以下幾點：

（1）動筆之前，考生一定要認真仔細地閱讀所給原文，力求抓住其大意，掌握原文要點。 如果一遍不能明白，可以多讀幾次，讀的次數越多越容易明白文章大意。

（2）摘要的長度不應超過原文的三分之一，一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時應遵守規定的字數限制。

（3）在做摘要時考生切忌照搬原文，應該用自己的語言來寫。一篇摘要應該是語言的再創造，而不是原文詞語的簡單堆砌。

（4）摘要應與原文的觀點保持一致，為了使摘要條理清晰，無特殊情況應按原文的邏輯順序排列。

（5）摘要要做到內容完整，沒有大的遺漏，使讀者無需查看原文就能夠獲得原文的主要內容。應重點反映主要觀點，刪除細節。

（6）削除例子，簡化描述。用簡短的語句代替冗長的語句。

（7）檢查與修改時，考生應重點檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點或包含了細節。

7 另外，寫摘要時應該使用簡單的銜接詞，如but，then，thus，yet，for等等，而不能使用at the same

time，on the other hand 等。

2.必背模版句型

This paper mainly deals with??

這篇論文主要是寫??

This article focus on the topics of （that，having，etc）??

這篇文章的強調的主題是??

This essay prents knowledge that??

這篇短文主要是講關于??的知識。

This thesis discuss/analyzes??

這篇論文討論/分析了??

This paper provides an overview of??

這篇文章綜述了??

This article compares??and summarizes key findings.

這篇文章比較了??并總結了主要的發現。

This paper prents up-to-date information on??

這篇論文介紹了關于??的最新信息。

This article not only describes??but also suggests??

這篇文章不僅描述了??而且建議??

This paper provides a method of ??

這篇為??提供了方法。

This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze??

這篇文章介紹一種分析??的可行程序。

8 This paper is devoted to examining the role of??

這篇論文致力于研究??的作用。

This paper reflects the state of the art in??

這篇論文展示了??目前的情況。

This article reviews the techniques ud in??

這篇文章綜述了??領域采用的技術。

The writer of this essay tries to explore??

本文作者試圖探討??

The aim/purpo/objective of this paper is to determine??

本文的目的/目標是為了決定??

3.必背經典范文

將下面這篇約500詞的原文按要求寫成約150詞的摘要。

原文：

How New York Became America's Largest City

In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and it is the largest

city in can the change in its size and importance be explained？

To answer this question we must consider certain facts about geography，history，and

er the three will explain the huge growth of Americas most famous city.

The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region

are around the points materials from across the a enter the United States，and

the product of the land are nt there for export across the a.

Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw

materials into finished is why aports often have cities cities like New

York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial

development did not happen simply by chance.

About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade

routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a rious problem. The

9 slow wagons of that time，drawn by hors or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight

very far. Americans had long admired Europe's New York State a canal emed the best

solution to the transportation the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the

state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low the Erie Canal was constructed.

After veral years of work it was completed in 1825.

The canal produced an immediate t costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had

York City，which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，quickly became the leading

city of the the years that followed，transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined

to routes on the Mississippi New York City became the end point of a great inland

shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the

Mississippi.

The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied New York even

more cloly to the central regions of the was easier for people in the central states

to ship their goods to New York for export overas.

Exports from New York were greater than uently，shipping companies were eager

to fill their ships with pasngers on the return trip from gers could come from

Europe very cheaply as a result.

Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many

of the people remained in the stayed in New York for a few weeks，months，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United the great number of new Americans New

York had to provide homes，goods，and labor helped the city be come great.

摘要

How New York Became America's Largest City

New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，but now it is America's largest city

becau of geography，history and economics.

New York was located at the aport where materials were imported to the US and the products

of the US were nt abroad across the city was further developed when the Erie Canal was

completed in linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of

transporting goods to tho who had ttled inland was cut addition，the Great Lakes were

soon linked to the ，railroads tied New York clor to the central states，who goods were exported via New goods were imported，so cheap passages were available

from York became the main port for receiving Europeans，many of whom stayed in the

city and helped it become great.

報告

10 1.寫作攻略

報告是下級部門就某件事情向上級部門和領導回報工作、反映情況、提出建議等使用的上行公文。就其內容實質來說，可分為信息類報告和分析類報告。信息類報告在日常事務中經常發生，其目的是通報信息和情況，一般要求準確、正確、完整、簡明扼要。分析類報告在語言和格式上則更加正式、復雜，其目的在于對某問題或情況進行調查、研究、分析、評估或論證后提出結論，篇幅一般較長。報告的寫作主要有以下要求：

（1）寫好一份報告，撰寫人首先要對所要寫的內容有充分的了解。寫作時，應盡量多用被動語態，少用第一人稱，以免主觀、冒昧。

（2）一般英文報告都可采用書信格式。

（3）報告要有明確的中心思想、清楚的段落層次和合理的結構安排。

2.必背模版句型

The report is hereby made to ask for the approval of the board for the solution of the problem.

請董事會批準這件事的解決方案。

This report will summarize??

本報告將總結??

The report provides an introduction to??

本報告介紹了??

The operation on?? is under smooth way.

??的運行很正常。

This report only provides guidelines they can u to asss their own needs.

本報告盡為他們評估自身需求提供一些指導。

May I have your approval of??by the end of this month？

月底之前我能得到您就??的批準嗎？

We will fulfill the task ahead of time.

我們將提前完成任務。

11 Upon the request of the committee，we have conducted the report.

應委員會的請求，我們完成了這份報告。

3.必背經典范文

To：Mr. Johnson

From：Li Nan

Subject：Ship Accident off West Coast of The Yangtze River，No Casualties.

Date：April.4，2005

Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from Wu Han.

One was a cargo ship carrying lumber，apparently on its way to The Yangtze River. The other was

a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu Han.

However，becau of the weather conditions，the captains did not realize the danger until

a few conds before the collision took place. Conquently，there was no time for them to prevent

the accident.

Fortunately，there were no casualties among the crews or pasngers，but both ships suffered

badly damages.

A spokesman for the port authorities said that a committee would be t up to determine the

cau of the collision.

Sincerely yours，

Li Nan

譯文

收信人：約翰遜先生

發信人：李楠

主題：長江西岸撞船事故，無傷亡

日期：2005年4月4日

昨晚在距武漢不遠處，長江上的兩艘船在濃霧中相撞。其中一艘為裝運木材的貨船，正向長江駛來；另外一艘是國家渡船正從九江到武漢正常航行。

12 但是由于惡劣的天氣，船長知道撞擊發生前幾秒才意識到危險。 結果根本沒有時間避免事故的發生。

幸運的是船員和乘客都沒有傷亡，但船的損害相當嚴重。

船運部門發言人說會成立事故調查小組徹底調查事故原因。

你誠摯的：李楠

英文來稿必須包括英文標題、英文作者名和單位名、英文摘要、英文關鍵詞、中圖分類號、正文、參考文獻、中文標題、中文作者名和單位名、中文摘要、中文關鍵詞等部分，并建議按此順序書寫。

1. 文章標題 英文標題一般在10個實詞以內，最多不超過15個實詞，避免使用非公知公用的縮略詞、代號等。

2. 作者簡介 作者真實姓名，作者單位全稱、所在城市、郵編；如有多名作者，在每一作者姓名右上角依次標出與作者單位相對應的序號，如： CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2

(ment of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing

Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing

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投稿模擬樣本

New Imaging Spectrometric Method for Rotary Object

CHUN Yu 1, DONG Xiao-xue2

(1. Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Information Science

and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,

China; 2. School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing

Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081,China)

Abstract: A new technique for imaging spectrometer for rotary object bad on

computed-tomography is propod. A discrete model of this imaging spectrometric

system is established, which is accordant to actual measurements and convenient

for computation. In computer simulations with this method, projections of the

object are detected by CCD while the object is rotating, and the original spectral

images are numerically reconstructed from them by using the algorithm of

computed-tomography. Simulation results indicate that the principle of the method

is correct and it performs well for both broadband and narrow-band spectral

objects.

Key words: aerodynamic characteristics; stealth characteristics; numerical calculation;

polarization

CLC number:TP374.2

引言（不編入章節號）

1

14 1.1

1.1.1

2

3

(1)

References:

[1] Sch?lkopf B, Burges C J C, Smola A J. Advances in kernel methods – Support vector learning

[M]. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press, 1999.

[2] Hearst M A, Sch?lkopf B, Dumais S, et al. Trends and controversies – Support vector

machines [J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 1998,13(4):18-28.

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15

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