新概念英語第二冊課文及翻譯(教師用書)

2024年2月19日發(作者：小樓一夜聽)

新概念英語第二冊課文及翻譯

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人談話

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good at. The play was very interesting.

I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They

were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I

looked at the man and the woman angrily(狀語). They did not pay any attention. In

the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said

angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private

conversation!'.

上星期我去看戲。我的座位很好，戲很有意思，但我卻無法欣賞。一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身后，大聲地說著話。我非常生氣，因為我聽不見演員在說什么。我回過頭去怒視著那一男一女，他們卻毫不理會。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回過頭去，生氣地說：“我一個字也聽不見了！” “不關你的事，”那男的毫不客氣地說，“這是私人間的談話！”

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生詞和短語

★private adj.私人的

it's my private letter/hou ；美式英語private school:私立學校 英式英語：公學 ETON (private school)

privacy：隱私 it's a privacy. adj.

《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵

private life：私生

Letter n. 首字母

public：公眾的，公開的

public school ； public letter 公開信 ；public place :公共場所

★conversation n.談話 uni ver轉動 uniform

Uni--bi--tri--quar-pent-x/hex-pt-oct-nov---dec

Bilateral trade 雙邊貿易 triangle quarter pentagon x

古羅馬歷法 10個月---12

凱撒大帝 julis---July 七月

屋大維 augusto--August 八月

September九月(原七月）---ptwolves

October 十月（原八月）---octopus

November

December---- decade

subject of conversation：話題

辨析： conversation, dialogue, talk, chat

這些名詞均含“交談”之意。

conversation： 一般用詞， 指兩個或更多人互相交換意見的交談。

talk： 通用詞， 可與conversation換用， 但當talk用作復數時指正式交談。如six-party talks 六方會談 / phone talks 電話會談 / peace talks 和談（和平談判）。

dialogue： 指“對話”， 多指劇中的對白。

chat： 指熟人之間非常隨便的交談， 強調談話的親密和非正式性。

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★theatre n.劇場，戲劇

cinema: 電影院

★at n.座位

have a good at(place) take a at : 座下來，就座

take your at/take a at

Is the at taken? 這個座位有人嗎？no/yes

sit down ,plea

at take your at,plea

be ated,plea 更為禮貌

at是及物動詞，后面有賓語

sit是不及物動詞，后面不加賓語

at后面會加人; at sb; at him; at sb.:讓某人就座

he is sitting there. you at him;

〖語法精粹〗

When all tho prent(到場者)_D_ he began his lecture.

ated

★play n.戲

★loudly adv. 大聲的

★angry adj. 生氣的

cross=angry ; I was was cross.

annoyed: 惱火的;

I was annoyed. I was angry/cross.

I was very angry.

be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.

★angrily adv. 生氣的

副詞修飾動詞

★attention n. 注意

Attention ,plea. 請注意

pay attention :注意

pay attention to : 對什么注意

You must pay attention to that girl.

pay a little attention :稍加注意

pay much attention :多加注意

pay more attention :更多注意

pay no attention :不用注意

pay clo attention 密切關注

鏈接 1） draw/catch/arrest/attract one’s attention

吸引某人注意力

2） turn one’s attention to ...把注意力轉向…

3） focus/fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于…

4） distract/divert 分散注意

★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍

I can't bear/stand you

endure :忍受,容忍 endurable

2

put up with :忍受

I got divorced.I could not put up with him

suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉體上)+痛苦

I suffer the headache. Suffer from

He often suffers defeat.

bear/stand/endure=put up with

忍受的極限在加大

bear n.熊 white bear

bear hug :熱情(熱烈)的擁抱 give sb a bear hug

★Business n. 事

Business man :生意人 business card /name card 名片

do Business: 做生意 Harvard business college

on Business:出差

I went to Tianjin on Business.

thing 可以指事情,也可以指東西

It's my Business 私人事情=It's none of your Business= None of your Business

★rudely adv. 無禮地，粗魯地

rude adj.

【課文講解】

Last week

go to the theatre

e a film,go to the cinema

go to the +地點 表示去某地干嘛

go to the doctor's 去看病

go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + 人 + 's 表示去這個人開的店

go to the butcher's 買肉

go to school: 去上學

go to church: 去做禮拜

go to hospital(醫院):去看病

go to the Great Wall

go home; 跟Home相連一定表示沒有事情可做,回家休息

I am at Home

enjoy, enjoy onelf:玩的開心 have a passion for 熱愛

enjoy+sth :喜歡,從當中得到一種享受

I like something very much./I love something.

I enjoy the class.

I enjoy the music.

I enjoy the book.

enjoy the dinner/film/program/game

were sitting :當時正座在

過去進行時態 :過去的某個時間正在發生的動作

一個故事的背景往往用進行時態描述

I+be+v(ing)

3

The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.

The girl is reading a book in the garden.

got :變得,表示一種變化,got angry

I am/was angry 是一個事實

I got angry:強調變化過程

It is hot.

It got hot.

got取代be動詞,got是一個半聯系動詞,可以直接加形容詞

說話的時候喜歡用縮略.I'm not,he isn't,they aren't

寫的時候會說:I am not,he is not,they are not

I didn't do sth,I did not do sth

hear:聽見

hear+人:聽見某人的話

I could not hear your pardon?

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your word.

I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.

Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.

turn round:轉頭

I could not bear it./you./the noi.

I can't hear a word.

hear a word, a word 等于一句話

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

寫作當中的第一步從完整句子開始寫起

sitting behind

behind: 在...后面

in front of :在...前面 (相對靜止的概念)

before : 在...前面 (+詞、句子、一定和時間相連)

above: 在...上面

ahead of: 在...前面 (+時間、位置)(動態的行為)

He arrived before six o'clock.

Before he came back

Ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

any——用在否定句和疑問句中

some——用在肯定句中

none——沒有任何東西、沒有任何人 None knows./None of us knows.

not any=no

not——否定詞,要放在非實義動詞后面

He didn't pay attention

no——形容詞、修飾名詞

I don't have any friends./I have no friends.

I have no time./I don't have any time.

【KEY STUCTURES】 關鍵句型

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Word order in simple statements: 簡單陳述句的語序

陳述句一定是有主語,有動詞,有賓語,有句號

6 1 2 3 4 5 6

when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?

Which? Which?

What? What?

---主語一般有名詞或代詞構成 you can u the smartphone.

The girl （sitting over there )gives me an apple.

who is sitting over there 定語 修飾 的

非謂語動詞 （ 現在分詞ing，過去分詞ed，動詞不定式 to do）

sitting over there =who is sitting over there 簡短

Me 間接賓語 apple 直接賓語

2 ---謂語由動詞充當

3 ---賓語

4 ---副詞或介詞短語,對方式或狀態提問,往往做狀語

I like her very much

5 ---地點狀語

6 ---時間狀語可以放在句首或句末 I like the girl very much in Beijing last year.

簡單陳述句一定不能少的是主語

主語——>動詞——>賓語——>狀語

狀語: 放在最前面是副詞,方式狀語,表示狀態/程度的狀語,下面是地點,然后是時間

1.主語和動詞不能少

2.如果時間和地點連在一起,先放地點,再放時間

如果問何時何地,是一個固定搭配 when and where

練習：

排列句子The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen.

The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning.

排列句子 game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly

The children played game quietly in their room yesterday.

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐還是午餐？

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch

time.

Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside.

'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my

aunt Lucy.' I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to e you.' 'But I'm still

having breakfast,' I said.

'What are you doing?' she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!''

那是個星期天，而在星期天我是從來不早起的，有時我要一直躺到吃午飯的

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時候。上個星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天氣！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在這時，電話鈴響了。是我姑母露西打來的。“我剛下火車，”她說，“我這就來看你。”

“但我還在吃早飯，”我說。

“你在干什么？”她問道。

“我正在吃早飯，”我又說了一遍。

“天啊，”她說，“你總是起得這么晚嗎？現在已經1點鐘了！”

until

1. prep. 到…為止， 在…以前

I stayed up until four o’clock trying to get my assignment done. （用作介詞， 引出時間狀語）

我熬夜到四點以完成功課。

非謂語動詞：現在分詞 ing 過去分詞 ed 動詞不定式 to do

漢語 重 意合

英語 重 形合

后面加(時間狀語)從句,前面就是主句

1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)

直到他回來,他爸爸才死。

2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定)

直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的。

conj. 到…為止， 在…以前， 直到…才

Nothing is learned until you can u it. （該句中是用作連詞，因為它后面跟的是句子）

★outside adv. 外面 作狀語

He is waiting for me outside. Inside adv.

It is cold outside.

★ring() v.(鈴、電話等)響 (刺耳的)

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

給某人打電話 : ring sb.

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

打電話(名) : give sb. a ring

remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring

★ring a bell 提醒， 使…想起 （聽力必備詞匯）

Does this name ring a bell? 這個名字是否讓你想起點什么？

n. 環狀物 ，圓圈 , 戒指

The kids sat in a ring around the teacher. 孩子們圍坐在老師周圍。

The Lord of the Rings 《指環王》 landlord n.地主

★aunt n.姑,姨,嬸,舅媽

uncle: 叔叔 sibling n.兄弟姐妹

cousin: 堂兄妹 offspring n. descendant n.

nephew: 外甥

niece: 外甥女

Vi. 不及物 Vt.及物動詞

★Would you mind repeating your question plea? 你能重復一遍你的問題嗎？

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History always repeats itlf. 歷史總在重演。

Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it. 人人皆犯錯， 只有傻瓜一犯再犯。

★repeat + that…

She repeated that she had no interest in this field. 她一再說她對這個領域不感興趣。

→ n. repetition His cond book is full of repetition. 他的第二 本書有許多重復之處。

→ adj. repeated repeated mistakes 老出的錯 / warnings 不停的警告

→ adv. repeatedly He visited her family repeatedly, begging her to marry

him. 他一再地拜訪她家，求她嫁給他。

1. What a day!

感嘆句， 用來表示說話人的喜怒哀樂， 一般用感嘆詞how或what引導， how修飾形容詞或副詞， what修飾的中心詞是名詞。

What引導的感嘆句基本結構：

★What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數名詞 （單數） ＋主語＋謂語! （主謂可省）

What a beautiful day （it is） !

★What＋形容詞＋可數名詞復數 （或不可數名詞） ＋主語＋謂語！

What cute puppies （the are） !

What lovely weather （it is） !

How引導的感嘆句基本結構是： How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語

How terrifying the experience is!

2. It’s raining again.

“下雨了！” 有多種表達法。如：

It’s drizzling. （毛毛雨）

It’s raining cats and dogs. （大雨瓢潑）

I will be there for you, rain or shine! （風雨無阻）

3. “I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’ m coming to e you.”

交通方式= by + 具體交通工具 derail

by train / bus / bike / ship / plane / light rail / subway / MRT （mass rapid transit）

／minibus /motorbike / moped （助動車）等等， 除了on foot。

Lesson 3 Plea nd me a card 請給我寄一張明信片

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited muums

and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he

lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I

thought about postcards. My holidays pasd quickly, but I did not nd any cards to

my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought

thirty-ven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我參觀了博物館，還去了公園。一位好客的服務員教了我幾句意大利語，之后還借給我一本書。我讀了幾行，但一個字也不懂。我每天都想著明信片的事。假期過得真快，可我還

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沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一項重大決定。我早早起了床，買來了37張明信片。我在房間里關了整整一天。然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成！

Word Study

vt.(spoiled or spoilt)

1). ruin 破壞，糟蹋，使…不如意

The rain spoiled the picnic. 下雨了，野炊泡湯了。

Too much oil spoils the soup. 油太重了會壞了湯的味道。

幾種破壞：

打破玻璃用break;

damage:破壞，但是程度不一定很重;

destroy：破壞，徹底摧毀;

以上三個是指物理上的破壞，而spoil主要指精神上

2). 嬌慣，寵愛

The child is badly spoiled. 那孩子給慣壞了。

3). 食物變壞，變質

Meat spoils easily in summer. 夏天，肉容易臭。

4). 諺語

Spare the rod and spoil the child. 省了棍子慣壞了孩子/不打不成材

5). spoiler

spoil-sport 掃興的人

Don' t be such a spoil-sport ! 別這麼掃人興!

公共的，公眾的

這個詞我們在第一課見過了，基本用法和private一起記。下面再說兩點：

1）public hou簡稱pub：酒吧 bar

2）in public:公開的; in private:私下里的

ly adj. Lovely

friendly adj.友好的

以-ly結尾是形容詞，同樣的還有lovely

friendly單獨用，一般做賓語來用

作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好，用短語in a friendly way

1). 親切的，和藹的，友好的

A doctor should be a friendly person. 醫生應該親切。

friendly nations 友邦

a friendly smile 親切的微笑

a friendly match 友誼賽

2). 有利的，有益的

a friendly rain 及時雨

a friendly warning 忠告

3).be on friendly terms with sb. 與某人關系融洽

This company is on friendly terms with clients. 這家公司與客戶的關系很好。

4). friend

make friends with 與某人交朋友

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Adj.真正的

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患難朋友才是真正的朋友。

5). friendship 友誼

lend color to 使某件事情顯得可信

The success of the experiment lends color to his theory.

實驗的成功使他的理論更可信。

lend an ear to 耐心而同情地聽

We should lend an ear to tho international refugees.

我們應該耐心聽聽國際難民的遭遇。

lend name to 參與某事

He never lends his name to violence.

他從不參與暴力活動。

lend a (helping)hand to 資助，幫助

The merciful boss lends a helping hand to the village with a school. Mercy

那位好心的老板資助這個村莊建學校。

on

做出決定做某事

make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth

decide to do sth

make up one’s mind to do sth

be determined to do sth determination n.

Success goes to the determined.==where there is a will,there is a way.

7. whole adj.整個的

on the whole 整體說來

The plan is successful on the whole.

整體來說，這個計劃是成功的。

as a whole 總體來說

The book is worth reading as a whole.

總的來說，這本書值得一讀。

the whole truth 全部真相

wholehearted 全心全意的，全神貫注的→wholeheartedly

wholeness 完整性 wholesale 批發

all of后面如果加代詞，代詞前面不需要修飾詞，一旦要加名詞，前面一定要加the

all of us;all of the students

a single bed 單人床 → a double bed 雙人床

a single parent 單親

biological parent 親生父母

adoptive/foster parent養父母

the single life 獨身生活→ a married life 婚姻生活

a single ticket 單程票→ a round trip ticket 往返票

have a word with sb 和某人說幾句話

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have words with sb 與某人爭吵

寫作：in other words 換句話說

word for word 一字一句地，原原本本地

Can I have a word with you ? 我能和你說幾句話嗎？

Tony had words with his wife last night.

Tony 昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。

In other words, you can’t live without communicating.

換句話說，你活著就得交流。

She told me the whole story word for word.

她把事情一五一十地告訴了我。

Keep the word =keep a promi 信守諾言

Break a promi

n. v.

line up 排隊

outline 輪廓，綱要，概述

underline 下劃線 v.

read between lines 讀懂言外之意

be online 在線

be offline 離線

Fans lined up for the signature from the super star.

追星族排隊等候大明星的簽名。

The architect drew an outline of the building.

建筑師畫出了大樓的輪廓。

He outlined his theory in a few words.

他用幾句話概括了他的理論。

When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines.

說到詩，很多情況下我們不能只從字面上理解。

think about/of 考慮，思考，think of還可指 想到

What do you think of the weather today?

冷：cold,chilly(凜冽)，freeze:I'll freeze.(凍僵)

think over:仔細考慮

think out 仔細考慮，想出辦法

think sth through 全面地考慮問題

think-tank 智囊團，專家小組 panel

thinkable 可以想象的，可以想見的 ----unthinkable 不可想象的

thinker 思想家 ,statesman,educator,poet

v.寄

寄信：nd a letter

用法：nd sth to sb/nd sb sth

類似的用法還有give,take,pass,

nd/take children to school

區別：take：強調某人親自送;

nd則是通過第三人去送，如美國的校車

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本課重點：雙賓語

雙賓語指直接賓語(表示動作結果)和間接賓語(表示動作目標)

如在give sb sth中，sb是間接賓語，sth是直接賓語

間接賓語在后面時，其前必須加to

give sth to sb.(對……而做，翻譯為“給”)或for(為……而做，翻譯為“替”)

可以翻譯為“給”，“替”，“為”的，就用for;如果只能翻譯為“給”就以用to

give a book to me;I buy a book for you.

總結：用for的詞：buy,order,make,find

Do me a favor plea.=Do a favor for me.

Exerci

paid some money to the shop-keeper.

writer brought the man a bottle of beer.

賓語補足語

muum n.博物館

英語詞源故事——muum（博物館）：文藝女神繆斯

繆斯（Mus）是希臘神話中主管科學和文藝的女神們的總稱，共九位。由于繆斯女神主管文藝，所以在古代西方，人們往往將杰出的藝術作品放在繆斯女神的神廟中，這就是博物館（muum）的起源。它由mu（繆斯）和表示“場所”的后綴-um，本意就是“繆斯的神廟”。

同樣，英語單詞music（音樂）原本是mu的形容詞，本意是“繆斯的（藝術）”，mosaic（馬賽克、鑲嵌藝術）的本意是“work of the Mus”（繆斯的作品），以前都是供奉給繆斯女神的。

Mu： [mju?z] n. 司文藝、音樂、美術的女神繆斯

muum：[mju?'z??m]n.博物館

music：['mju?z?k]n.音樂，樂曲

mosaic：[m?(?)'ze??k]n.馬賽克，鑲嵌，鑲嵌圖案

那么多博物館一定要記住我們的Palace Muum(故宮)

14.性別詞綴-ess “女的，女性的，雌性的”

waiter →waitress 女服務員 只出現在餐館里

actor →actress 女演員

prince →princess 公主

lion →lioness 母獅子

領班：chief waiter

商店里的店員：shop assistant

其他公共場所的服務員:attendant

15.語言不可數，所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian

summer里的last表示“上一個”

the last day里的last表示“最后一個”，表示“最后一個”時要加冠詞the，這時前面要加介詞

+時間+地點

eg:I spent three hours in the a.

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

I spend my weekend at my mother's.

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I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激動人心的旅行

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been

there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has

already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an

Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been

abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經住了6個月了。蒂姆是個工程師，正在一家大公司工作，并且已經去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達達爾文去，從那里，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。

★New words and expressions

1.★exciting adj.令人興奮的

激動->d ,exciting

excite, surpri, satisfy, frighten

等動詞的詞義中含有“使……”的意思 .它們的共同點就是都可以通過在后面分別加 -ing和-ed構成形容詞，其中-ing詞尾的形容詞 用來表示所說明的物體或人給人的感覺，可以理 解成“令人……的”；

而以-ed結尾的形容詞則用來表示“感到……的”，通常用來說明人的情緒。

excite 使……興奮 surpri 使……吃驚

Satisfy 使……滿意 frighten 使……害怕

an exciting speech 激動人心的講話

an excited person （感到）興奮的人

surprising news 令人吃驚的消息

a surprid child （感到）吃驚的孩子

interesting:令人感到有趣的;interested：感到有意思的

動詞的賓語一定是人，讓后面的人感到……

eg:The news excited me. The book interested me.

2.★receive v.接受，收到

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位語：一個名詞（或短語等）與另一個名詞（或短語）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時稱為同位語。同位語與它所補充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。

在譯成漢語時，同位語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號隔開。

This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。

3個接受：

receive 收到（不一定接受）客觀的收到

accept 接受（肯定收到） 主觀上樂意

receive(與have通用)： receive/have a letter from sb

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eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.

take:接受，與前兩詞無可比性，只需記住兩個搭配：

take the exam;take advice adopt advice

衍生詞： elevator n.電梯 elevate v.

receiver 接收器，接受者 receipt 收條，收據

reception 服務臺 receptionist 接待員

receptive 接受得快的 adj.

He is receptive to new ideas concept。

他很容易接受新思維。

received 被普遍接受的 adj.

a received theory 得到廣泛認可的理論

反義詞：decline, refu, reject ,deny, turn down,

句型：收到……來信

receive a letter from=hear from

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

給……寫信

write to sb=write a letter to sb=drop sb a line

3.★firm n.商行，會計行，事務所，公司等同于company

1）n.公司,企業 company , enterpri, corporation

2）adj.結實的，堅硬的

firm muscles結實的肌肉 firm soil 堅硬的土壤

3）adj.堅定的，不容易改變的

firm belief堅定的信仰 firm evidence 可靠的證據

firm refusal 嚴詞拒絕

4）adv. firmly a firmly handshake

The knob was fixed on the door firmly.

把門把牢牢地安裝在門上。

4.★abroad adv.在國外

注意是個副詞，直接和動詞連用，不需要介詞

go abroad 去國外 aboard n. 甲板 v.登機

live abroad 國外定居

study abroad 國外學習

---different adj. --- difference n.

different adj. 不同的

★ adj. 不同的，相異的（經常與from連用）

We are planning something different（后置定語） this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。

My room is different from yours.

★ adj. 各種各樣的，不同的 various diver culture----diversity

a wide range of all sorts of

This department store lls a large number of different things.

這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。

He has visited many different places in China. 他去過中國的不少地方。

be different from 與……有區別

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Tell the difference between A and B A和B 的區別

differ from… 與……有區別

differentiate 辨別，講出或指出區別

I differ with him on the plan.

=I don’t agree with him on the plan.

關于計劃，我和他的觀點不一樣。

Tastes differ. 蘿卜白菜，各有所愛。

We must agree to differ on this.

我們必須承認在這個問題上有分歧。

Men and women differ.

Men differ from women.

Men are different from women.

There are differences between men and women.

One can differ men from women.

以上句子的基本意思都是：男女有別。

相同

be similar to 與……相似

remble to象，類似

the same as 與……一樣

6.★have been+in 地點

他已經到北京了：He has arrived in Beijing. 瞬間動詞

持續性動詞 wait

到北京一年了，就不能用arrive了。因為arrive是表示點的動詞，不能和段時間連用。

所以用我們的新句型：have been in 地點

He has been in Beijing for one year.

Has 第三人稱單數/have第一，第二，復數 +動詞的過去分詞

Be動詞-- am is are was were

現在完成時態的基本用法：

現在完成時表示動作現存的結果，或者過去發生的事對現在的影響。常與現在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語：before (now)（以前）；so far（到目前為止），up to

now（直到現在），just（剛剛），already（已經），lately（最近），now（現在），for+ 一段時間；疑問句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。

1.表示已經完成的事情，強調行為的結果，但不強調行為發生的具體時間

I have finished my work. 我的事（已經）做完了。

2.表示曾經有過的經歷。

The professor has been nt abroad. 這位教授曾經被派出國。

3.表示過去發生的行為持續了一段時間，

He has lived there for years. 他在那里住了好些年了。

, already, ever, just等幾個副詞在完成事態

句子中的位置為：have（ *）done

句型操練模仿：規則動詞和不規則動詞的完成時

your breakfast

have 助動詞之外，還可以是實義動詞

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I have already had（have實際意義的動詞） my breakfast.

him to leave.

He has already left.

her to comb her hair.

She has already combed her hair.

a letter to him.

I’ve already written a letter to him.

on the stereo.

I’ve already turned on the stereo.

her to wash the dishes.

She’s already washed the dishes.

him to read Macbeth.

He’s already read Macbeth.

a holiday.

I’ve already taken a holiday.

them to do their homework.

They’ve already done their homework.

your work.

I’ve already finished my work.

the carpet.

I’ve already swept the carpet.

her to make the beds.

She’s already made the beds.

7.★work in 強調工作的地點

work for 強調work，不是在游逛，是在工作

8.★a great number of后面一定要加可數名詞復數

a lot of可加可數名詞也可加不可數名詞

它們是約等于的關系

I have a lot of/a great number of friends.

I have a lot of time.中的a lot of 就不能替換為a great number of了

9.★have gone to :去了某地沒回來

have been to :曾經去過某地，現在不在那個地方

10.★from there:從那地方起

from既可以加時間又可以加地點

eg: from half past 8 to half past 11

from Beijing to Tianjin

11.★fly to Perth=go to Perth by air

fly to 坐飛機去 drive to 開車去

ride to 騎車（馬、驢等）去 walk to 步行去

go+地點+介詞 + 交通工具

go* by bike go *on horback go* on foot

12.★before用在句子的末尾是副詞，翻譯為“在此之前”，是現在完成時態的標志。

13.★find+賓語+形容詞做賓補

find trip exciting; find the room clean

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注意，在本句中用的是find的進行時態。

在收聽外臺的廣播中經常能聽到find不用一般式，而用進行式。

eg:We're finding the program very exciting.

在寫的時候用一般式，口語就用進行式

下面表示狀態、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進行時（瞬間性動詞）：believe，doubt，e，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，em，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，posss，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire

【Multiple choice questions】

1. Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months ago.

Ａ. to Ｂ. in Ｃ. at Ｄ. into

at… 表示位置 （be at是典型表示位置的介詞短語）

go to… 只要有to這個感念, 它的后面一定要有賓語, go to the theater

go in… (in 做副詞)很少加賓語 He went in.

go into… 有去的動作, 還有進入的動作 go into the room

move常用的意義是“動”、“移動”，在表達“搬家”這個意思時move可以單獨使用，也可組成短語move to，move into，move in，move out。

move in:搬進來 move to the new hou:正在搬

move into :搬進去了 move out 搬走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

is in Australia. How long ___b___ there? 對一段時間的提問

Ｔｈｒｅｅ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ

Ａ. is he Ｂ. has he been Ｃ. has he Ｄ. was he

對段時間提問, 跟現在完成時相連

3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin＿c＿.

a. Quickly b. for a short time c . shortly d. in a hurry

quickly 指的是動作上的快 He went quickly .

for a short time 不久, 表示動作延續一段時間

soon = shortly 不久以后, 表示在這段時間之后，強調的是時間上的快

in a hurry:匆忙的（指動作）

Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 無錯號之虞

Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in

Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a

telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a

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pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the

distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has nt a great many requests for

spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has

begun his own private telephone rvice.

詹姆斯.斯科特先生在錫爾伯里有一個汽車修理部，現在他剛在平赫斯特買了另一個汽車修理部。平赫特離錫爾伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能為他新的汽車修理部搞到一部電話機，所以他買了只鴿子。昨天，一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫特帶到錫爾伯里。這只鳥只用了3分鐘就飛完了全程。到目前為止，斯科特先生從一個汽車修理部向另一個發送了大量索取備件的信件和其他緊急函件。就這樣，他開始自己的私人“電話”業務。

★New words and expressions

st is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his

new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特離錫爾伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能為他新的汽車修理部搞到一部電話機，所以他買了12只鴿子。

(1)這句話由3個部分組成。but引導的句子與前面的句子為并列關系，so引導的句子表示結果。

his mother,the little boy threw himlf into his mother’s hug. 現在分詞短語替代時間狀語從句（簡要）

the little boy saw his mother, he threw himlf into his mother’s hug.

(2)from 在這里表示距離上相隔，譯為“離”、“從”等：

The school is a mile (away) from my hou.

學校離我家有一英里。

She has been away from home for 5 days now.

她離家已有5天了

1.★pigeon n.鴿子 貝親

口語里常說：It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.這不是我的過錯

2.★message n. 信息(可數名詞)

an oral/ written message 口信/便條

與message相關的另一個詞是 mesnger，意為“送信人”、“信使”等。

Message-mesnger

passage----pasnger with the passage of the time

Inform通知 ------information 信息(不可數名詞)

leave sb a message:給……留便條

I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb:替……捎口信

此句在電話里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，對方會說：

Can I take a message for you?

或者你可以說：Can you take a message for me?

3.★cover v.越過

1)n.覆蓋物 the cover of a TV/pot/car

2)n.可以躲避的地方，掩護shelter，refuge

I want to take cover from the rain.

我想躲雨。take cover: 找躲避的地方，from接躲避的對象

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The dert is treeless and gives no cover.

沙漠里光禿禿的，連避一避的地方也沒有。

3)n.封面

I read the book from cover to cover.

我把這本書從頭到尾讀了一遍。 cover girl 封面女郎

4)n.幌子，偽裝

They deal drugs under the cover of legal business.

他們打著合法生意的幌子進行毒品交易。illegal

Mortal----immortal

Vt. cover……with……

1)v.遮蓋，覆蓋，淹沒，掩飾

The body was covered with a sheet.

尸體上蓋著一塊布。

The flood covered everything around there.

洪水把那里的一切都淹沒了。

He laughed to cover his embarrassment. N. barcode

Embarrass v.

Embrace （em 在+brace手臂）

他用笑聲來掩飾尷尬。

2)v.處理，涉及，適用于 include，deal with，apply to

The cour covers the basic parts of English learning.

這個課程涉及了英語學習的基礎部分。

The rules cover any ca. 該規則適用于任何情況。

3)v..越過一段距離 cover+距離：越過 cover the distance

The car can cover 200 miles in an hour.

這種車每小時速度可以達到200英里。

4) v.報道 report

Many reporters are nt to cover the Olympics.

許多記者被派去報道奧運會。

5).掩護

6).discover v.發現 (dis→去掉， cover→覆蓋物 )

discovery n.發現，發明的東西

4.★distance n.距離 dis+ stance stand

I will not agree to build the factory near the school.

I will never agree to

Never will i agree to build the factory near the school.

Under no circumstance will i agree to build the factory near the school.

Circumstance(circle+stance)境況，情況

adj:distant

以-ce結尾的名詞，形容詞一般以-t結尾

如：n. importance--important adj.

n. difference-- different adj.

n. Patience-----patient adj.

短語：

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distance-post 里程標 at a distance 隔一段距離

in the distance 在遠處 keep distance 保持距離

at a respectful distance 敬而遠之

distant view 遠景 distant relations 遠親

a distant look 冷漠的表情 a distant date 遙遠的日期

a distant likeness 細微的共同點

文化點睛：

中國人往往喜歡和人靠的很近，而英美人喜歡保持一定距離，他們認為自己周圍的一切，包括空氣都是自己的。所以在餐廳吃飯，想和英美人坐一桌，應該先問：Can I join you?或Can I share this table? 而不要直接去坐。

to now, Mr. Scott has nt a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent

messages from one garage to the other.

到目前為止，斯科特先生從一個汽車修理部向另一個發送了大量索取備件的信件和其他緊急函件。

(1)這句話看起來很長，但卻是個簡單句。nt有兩個賓語，一是requests，二是messages。from one garage to the other是整個句子的狀語。

(2)up to now相當于until/till now，意思是“迄今”、“到目前為止”，一般與現在完成時連用：

Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.

到目前為止，他已收集了許多郵票。

up to now =up till now=so far 目前為止

Everything is going on well up to now.

So far, so good. 目前一切都好。

(3)request

1) n.要求，請求 request for:對……有請求，需求

，往往需要補充說明其內容，如課文中 requests for spare parts(索取備件的信件)。

He granted my request for more time.

他同意了我延長時間的請求

t sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:要求某人做……

在口語中用require sb to do sth

外國人喜歡用被動：You're required/asked

短語：

at one’s request=at the request of sb 應某人的要求

come into request /be in request 成為需求，變得緊俏

as requested 根據要求，按照要求

No reporter will be allowed in at the chairman’s request.

根據主席的要求，記者不得入內。

With China’s entry to WTO, language talents come into request than ever before. 中國入世使語言人才空前吃香。

The conference room has been decorated as (it was ) requested. 會場已經按要求布置好了。

Customers made requests for better rvice. 顧客們要求更好的服務。

近義：ask for, apply for , solicit

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(4)a great many在這句話中為形容詞短語。many單獨使用時前面不加a，但加了great/ good等形容詞后，前面要加 a：

A large/great/good number of 大量的 （可數名詞復數）

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.

好多樹在這場暴風雨中被毀壞了。

a great many還可以作代詞短語用：

He has read a great many of the books in this room.

這房間的書他好多都讀過了。

A great deal of 大量的+不可數名詞

this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' rvice. 就這樣，他開始了自己的私人“電話”業務。

(1)rvice作為不可數名詞時通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或服務;

它作為可數名詞時可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動或所做的工作：

The rvice in that hotel is quite good.

那家旅館的服務很不錯。

You have done me a great rvice.你幫了我很大的忙

(2)在課文中，rvice的意思是“業務”、“公用事業”等。

這類用法一般有：

the mail rvice(郵政業務);

the telephone rvice(電話業務);

a travel rvice(旅行社);

a news rvice(通訊社)等。可以看出，rvice既可以指公用事業的業務，也可以指辦這些業務的機構。因此，課文中的“'telephone' rvice”實際上是個大詞，有一種幽默感。

6.★spare part 備件

1）adj.多余的，空余的，空閑的

spare room 空著的房間 spare time 空余時間

spare cash 余錢，閑錢 spare tire 備用輪胎

2）v.節省，饒恕，讓出，

He does not spare himlf.

他對自己要求很嚴格。

Can you spare me the book for a few days?

把這本書借我幾天好嗎？

spare no pains(efforts) to do 不遺余力做某事 （全力以赴）

spare no expen 不惜工本

7.★rvice n.業務，服務

be at your rvice隨時聽候您的吩咐

(I'm glad to be)At your rvice. 我很樂意為您效勞。

文化點睛：

[總結]對Thank you.的回答：

1）-That's all right./That' OK.

絕對正確，絕對過時。只有老人還用，已漸漸被遺忘。

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2）-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your rvice.

在演講講座的結尾，演講者會說：Thank you for your listening.此時以上回答都不準確，回應是報以熱烈的掌聲。

如果一個老外給你說Thank you.你一激動想不起怎么回答，最聰明的回答就是：No， thanks.同樣對sorry可以回答：No sorry.

8.★another:其它中的一個(+單數名詞)

One miracle after another 一個又一個的奇跡

One problem after another

other(adj)+n.(可為單數或復數) 其它的 other people/books

the other:兩個之中的另外一個(直接用，后面什么也不加)

句型：一個……另一個……

eg:I have two is watering the flowers,and the other is reading.

others=other+名詞復數 n.其他 句型：一些人。。其他人。。。

eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are rowing/going boating.

選擇題

Mr Scott has a garage in __B_garage is in Pinhurst.

r ent

C錯。el:其它的。el會放在被修飾詞的后面。

它只能修飾兩種詞：1.疑問代詞：who el,what el;2.不定代詞：anyone

el,anything el.

D錯。 A和B語法上都對，但A不好。

原因：/a是冠詞;his/my/your是形容詞性物主代詞;my mother's是名詞所有格。在語法上，以上三個詞是不能同時并存的，一般要用只能用其中一個。所以his和another=an+other不同時出現。

在這里可以用但是用的不好，是因為語法的范圍正在放寬松。

r強調的是剩下的還有好幾個當中的一個，強調的是有三個以上。

加單數就表示一個，his取代the的位置。

9.★距離的表達方式:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from Silbury).

Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).

對距離提問：?

How far(away)is the bus stop?

10.★get a telephone:安裝電話

11.★carry:帶著，攜著，意味著這個東西不會落地

I carry the bag.

take則是著地：I take my sister to the cinema.

12.★a great many=a great number of (+可數名詞復數) 許多

a lot of太簡單了，把它放到一邊吧，有舍才有得：)

13.★關于way的幾個短語：

★in this way:這樣，以這種方式 in a friendly way

★by the way:順便說以聲(口語開頭，插入語，用來轉移話題，或使很嚴肅的問題變得較隨意) btw,ILY, TTYL,IDK,ASAP

★on the way(to):在去……的途中(陳述句)

on the way to school/the office;on the way home

I met Mary on my way to school.我在去學校的路上遇到了瑪麗。

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★in a way:從某種意義上來說，在某種程度上

In a way you are right.從某種意義上說你是對的。

★in the way:

1）.擋路：Sorry,you are in the way.但一般不需要說，只要說Excu me.就行。

out of the way:讓路

如果那個人死活不給你讓路，你說：Get out of the way!滾開!

2）.=in this way 按照，以……方式：

記住一個句型：in the way you showed me.

eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.

但是in the family way不是以家庭的方式，而是指have a baby.(PREGNANT)

★get one's own way:隨心所欲

語法 Grammar in u

1.一般過去時與現在完成時

在表示過去某個特定時間發生的事情或動作時，要用一般過去時：

Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

昨天，一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫斯特帶到錫爾伯里。

在表示剛剛或者已經完成一個動作并且對現在有影響時，則要用現在完成時，時間狀語可以是不特指的now, just，或者是for引導的一段時間，或者不加任何時間狀語：

He has written a book. 他寫了一本書。

…now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.

……現在他剛在平赫斯特買下了另一個汽車修理部。(現在擁有)

在一段文章中可以同時出現一般現在時、一般過去時和現在完成時。因此，要根據具體情況靈活運用這些時態，體會它們之間的區別：

I have a brother, Tom. He is an engineer. He has been abroad for three years now.

Several days ago, I received a letter from him.我有一個弟弟，名叫湯姆。他是位工程師。他出國已3年了。幾天前我收到了一封他的來信。

體會句子中完成時態和過去時態的區別。

1. A: When did you have breakfast? (ten minutes ago)

I had it ten minutes ago.

B: I’ve already had breakfast.

2. A: When did he leave?

(this morning) He left this morning.

B: He’s already left.

3. A: When did they go?

(a few minutes ago) They went a few minutes ago.

B: They’ve already gone.

4. A: When did you read this book? (last week)

I read it last week.

B: I’ve already read this book.

5. A: When did she write tho postcards?

(last night)

B: She’s already written tho postcards.

She wrote them last night.

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6. A: When did they go their homework? (this afternoon)

B: They’ve already done their homework.

They did it this afternoon.

7. A: When did you take your holiday? (last August )

B: I’ve already taken my holiday.

I took it last August.

8. A: When did she make the beds. (a short time ago)

B: She’s already made the beds.

She made them a short time ago.

9. A: When did he nd the letter?

(yesterday)

B: He’s already nt the letter.

He nt it yesterday.

10. A: When did you spend your money?

(this morning)

B: I’ve already spent my money.

I spent it this morning.

Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西·巴頓斯

I have just moved to a hou in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.

He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his

head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he

put a piece of chee in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbor told me about him.

Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every hou in the

street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

我剛剛搬進了大橋街的一所房子。昨天一個乞丐來敲我的門，問我要一頓飯和一杯啤酒。作為回報，那乞丐頭頂地倒立起來，嘴里還唱著歌。我給了他一頓飯。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一塊乳酪裝進衣袋里走了。后來，一位鄰居告訴了我他的情況。大家都認識他，他叫珀西.巴頓斯。他每月對這條街上的每戶人家光顧一次，總是請求給他一頓飯和一杯啤酒。

Word study

1.★beggar n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求，請求

I beg your pardon? 你可以說的再慢一點嗎

ask for :請求得到 beg for :乞求得到

I begged her not to leave. 我乞求她不要離開我。

I have to beg a day off. 我得請一天的假。

I want to ask for a two days’ leave.

They take anything they want,

對于想要的東西他們會不擇手段地得到。

beg for sth 請求得到

Beggars can not be choors. 饑不擇食

2.★food n. 食物 不可數 a lot of food

3.★pocket n. 衣服口袋

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inner pocket:內口袋

jacket pocket coat pocket

pocket book:袖珍書

pocket dictionary:袖珍詞典

pocket pick:車上的小偷

pocket money：(小孩)零花錢 (不是零錢，零錢是change)

beer money:(男人)零花錢

18世紀，在小說里有時能見到女人的零花錢是針線錢。但是隨著時代的進步，剩下的money都歸女人管，所以女人無零花錢。

關于call的幾個短語：

call for 要求

The occasion calls for a cool head.這種場合需要冷靜的頭腦。

call at+地點=visit someplace =call on sb

I will call on you.=I will call at your home.

call out=shout 大聲喊 call in sb 招集和邀請

For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.

Experti n.

I call on my teacher once a week. 我每周去看一次老師。

She calls at the school every year. 她每年去學校探訪一次。

a call of nature 內急 本性，天性，本能

answer the call of 響應…的號召 recall （向后+召喚） v.回憶

Sorry，the subscriber you dialed is busy now/power off ,plea redial later.

call a meeting召集會議

call the roll點名

Let’s call it a day。 今天就到此為止吧。

call off 取消活動= cancel

They called off the business for lack of credit.

由于信用問題，他們取消了這筆生意。

call sb=call up sb:給某人打電話 call back:回電話

-Can you take a message for me?

如果不想讓第三人知道，你可以說：

Can you tell him to call back?

5.★ask sb for sth:問某人要什么東西 ask for 請求

for：為了這個目的去請求某人。sb更多的時候并不出現，而直接說ask for sth,因為強調的是東西而不是人。

eg:The boy asks (his parents)for money again/once more.

搬家，移動，感動，

move to 搬到… move out搬出…

moving 令人感到.......的 =touched’

a moving film 感人的電影 get move 行動起來

moved 感動的

He was deeply moved by her words. 他深深地被她的話打動了。

movable 可以移動的

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mobile 可以移動的 mobile phone 手提電話

Motion n. motivate v. 激勵 motivation n. 動機

Import export transport v. 運輸 passport

transnational company

Portable（carry） 便攜式的

portable typewriter 手提式打字機

knock into/ bump into / run across 偶然碰到

I knocked into a long lost friend the other day.

有一天，我碰到一位失去聯系多年的朋友。

knock out 擊倒

Tyson was knocked out at the tenth round.

Tyson 在第十回合被擊倒。

knockout 亮點，引人注目的人或事物 focus spotlight n焦點

She is a knockout in that red dress.

她穿那套紅色的連衣裙很打眼。

knock about / around 游蕩，漂泊

The family knocked about for years before ttled down in Beijing.

這家人四處漂泊了幾年后在北京定居下來。

knock off 停止, 壓低價格

What time do you knock off?

你什么時候下班？

Knock 20% off the bill and I’ll take it.

優惠20%我就買。

return for this：作為對什么的回報

（ this 在代詞當中常常指代上文的一件事情）

in return:作為回報 in return for 作為報答

He doesn't want anything in return.

I'll buy a prent for him in return for hospitality.

hospitality: n.熱情 inhabitable =Inhospitable adj.

I bought my wife a ring for valentine’s day and she bought me a suit in return.

情人節的時候我給妻子買了一枚戒指， 她給我買了一套西裝。

I did all the washing and cleaning in return for his kind entertainment.

我洗碗掃地以報答他對我的款待。

on his head：倒立 動詞+介詞+身體部位

lie on back 仰臥

lie on stomach 俯臥

lie on side 側臥

get on one’s feet 站立

stand on one’s knees 跪

stand on one's hands:用手著地

upside down 把東西倒立著放

right side up 把東西直立著放

about

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to tell the truth 說實話 tell a truth 錯

tell the fortune 算命→fortune-teller 算命先生

tell a story 講故事 →story-teller 講故事的人

know right from wrong 知道對錯

know of 了解，聽說過

I know of Lei Feng but I don’t know him.

我知道雷鋒的事跡，但是我不認識雷鋒。

拓展：

well-known 著名的= famous， famed，distinguished 顯著的 褒義的 notorious

adj. 貶義的

unknown for unknown reasons 由于不知道的原因

knowledge 知識

knowledge-intensive 知識密集型的

knowledgeable 知識淵博的 =learned adj.

acknowledge 承認，答謝， acknowledgement

know-how 竅門，實際知識

His business know-how is . Excellence n. excel v.

他的業務能力相當出色。 excel at =be good at=specialize in

some…others… 一些…另一些…

Many people get to Las Vegas every year, some for gambling, others for sighteing.

每年都有很多游客來拉斯維加斯， 有些是來賭博的，有些是來觀光的。

some +單數可數名詞 “某……”

Some referee was arrested for bribe.

某位裁判由于受賄被逮捕。

some +數詞 “大約”

Some 200 pasngers were killed in the air crash.

Car crash 擬聲詞 splash 潑，濺

大約有200名乘客在空難中喪生。

ast 早餐

lunch 中餐 supper 晚餐 dinner 正餐，宴會

luncheon 午宴 banquet 宴會 feast 酒席，大餐

night snack 消夜 barbecue 燒烤 BBQ picnic 野餐

snack 快餐 cocktail party 雞尾酒會

★難點

1.有些動詞的后面加上介詞或副詞以后就會改變詞義。這種新的組合稱作短語動詞。

如：put：放 put on:穿 put off=postpone

take：拿走 take off:脫下

look：看

look at:看;look for:尋找;look after:照顧;look out:當心

Knock knock at:敲

knock off:1)下班 He knocked off earlier.

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2)knock sth off+地點：從……把……撞倒

knock the va off the table

3)打折 knock 10% off the price

knock over

A car knocked the boy over.

[注]如果有地點：off;無地點：over

knock out:打暈(拳擊術語，把人****在地)

ody作為主語一定作單數看待，屬于不定代詞(something important)

important meeting

所有的不定代詞作主語一律為單數看待。

everybody,somebody,anybody,something,anything,everything

each/every 每一個

each:強調個體; every 強調整體

every adj.+n. 每一個(書，本，人等)

each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主語或者賓語

every

each /

every 不能做主語;each 強調個體，使用第三人稱單數

3.★英語：in the street

美語：on the street road avenue n.大道

Block n.街區 v.堵塞

ate the food and drank the beer. 1)本句為由and連接的并列句，而且前后結構完全一樣，使得整句話頗有節奏感。

ody knows him. 該句話為什么使用一般現在時，而不用一般過去時？因為該句話描述的有關這個beggar的一般情況。

a month，次數+時間單位，表示每隔段時間的頻率是多少。

once a month:一個月一次 twice/ three times a day

five kilometers an hour

once a month:每月一次，屬于頻率

對頻率提問：how often提問

多久：how long 提問次數：how many times

特殊疑問詞：how，when，what，why，where

疑問詞+助動詞+主語+謂語動詞？助動詞（be動詞，情態動詞，do）

When did you come to China last time?

What can I help you?

Are you coming with me ?

How many times do you visit your mother each month?

I visit my mother once a month.

How long do you visit your mother?對時間提問

How often do you visit your mother?對時間和次數提問

How soon 多久以后

How soon will you finish your Homework?

本文語法：冠詞的用法（定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞）

語法歸納：

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1、不定冠詞：a/an泛指一個，后加單數可數名詞，具有不確定性。如：a pen,

an egg pens

2、定冠詞：the特指一個，后加單、復數名詞均可，一般具有確定性。如：A dog is barking at me. The dog is black and white.

3、零冠詞，即不用冠詞的情況，如人名和地名前面，如：John lives in London.

the united states

課文中含有冠詞的例句及解析：

asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.

他向我要一頓飯和一杯啤酒。

語言點1 meal前可加a,而breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不直接加不定冠詞。Have breakfast

冠詞語法精講：

1 不定冠詞的用法

冠詞本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。

不定冠詞a (an)與數詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作[e]，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做[en]。

1) 表示"一個"，意為one;指某人或某物，意為a certain。例如：

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2) 代表一類人或物。例如：

A knife is a tool for cutting with. 刀是切割的工具。

Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程師。

3) 組成詞組或成語，如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /

many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while

/ have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。

2.2 定冠詞的用法

定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那(這)個"的意思，但意義較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。

1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如：

Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。

2)上文提到過的人或事。例如：

He bought a hou. I've been to the hou. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。

3)指世上獨一物二的事物，如the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth等。

4)與單數名詞連用表示一類事物，如the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 the poor the disabled

poverty n.貧窮

5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面。例如：

基數詞 one two three four

序數詞 第一 第二 first ，cond，third，forth

Where do you live? I live on the cond floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。

That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。

The most beautiful girl

6)與復數名詞連用，指整個群體。例如：

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They are the teachers of this school.(指全體教師)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師)

7)表示所有，相當于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如：

She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前。例如：

the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國

The democratic Party communist

the United States 美國

9)用在表示樂器的名詞 之前。例如：

She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴。

10) 用在姓氏的復數名詞之前，表示一家人。例如：

the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)

11) 用在慣用語中。例如：

in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,

in the sky (water，field，country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,

in the middle (of), in the end,

on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

句型模仿

注意句子中名詞的用法：

單數可數名詞

1. I bought a book this morning.

Books aren’t very expensive.

2.I bought a bottle of milk this morning.

Milk isn’t very expensive.

3.I bought a pen this morning.

Pens aren’t very expensive.

4.I bought a bar of chocolate this morning.

Chocolate isn’t very expensive.

5.I bought a piece of chee this morning.

Chee isn’t very expensive.

6.I bought a postcard this morning.

Postcards aren’t very expensive.

7.I bought an umbrella this morning.

Umbrellas aren’t very expensive.

8.I bought a bottle of beer this morning.

Beer isn’t very expensive.

9.I bought a comb this morning.

Combs aren’t very expensive.

10.I bought a tine of tobacco this morning.

Tobacco isn’t very expensive.

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〖語法精粹〗

can you___b____if you are not ____?

A. listening / hearing

B. hear / listening

C. be listening / hear

D. be hearing / listening to

listen聽/hear聽見

如果你不聽，怎么可能聽見呢?

be 不能加動詞原形;be+ -ed/-ing

can+動詞原形

girl even won't have her lunch before she_D___her Homework.

finish

finishing

finished

es 主句 一般將來時 從句 一般現在時

won't=will not

狀語從句中，用一般現在時取代將來時.

（who have applied for the post）__A__in the office.

being interviewed

interviewing

iewing

be interviewing

apply for 申請 applicant n。 application n

who 在名詞后面，引導定語從句

interview 面試

從句(have applied for)現在完成時，主句缺少謂語動詞

being interviewed 被動

interviewing 主動

old scientist _C____to do more for the country.

wishing

been wishing.

been wished 合理不合情

scientist 科學家;wish 希望

表示狀態、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進行時態.

wish do

he___A___, don't wake him up.

sleeps

still sleeping

had been sleeping

be sleeping still

if——一般用一般現在式

如果他在睡覺的話，不要吵醒他

1.關鍵詞

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2.上下文

3.潛在含義

now 現在進行時

often,always 一般現在時

just,already 現在完成時

last week,一般過去時

Lesson 7 Too late 為時太晚

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were

expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier,

someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the

plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while

others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried

it into the Customs Hou. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two

others opened the parcel. To their surpri, the precious parcel was full of stones and

sand!

飛機誤點了，偵探們在機場等了整整一上午。他們正期待從南非來的一個裝著鉆石的貴重包裹。數小時以前，有人向警方報告，說有人企圖偷走這些鉆石。當飛機到達時，一些偵探等候在主樓內，另一些偵探則守候在停機坪上。有兩個人把包裹拿下飛機，進了海關。這時兩個偵探把住門口，另外兩個偵探打開了包裹。令他們吃驚的是，那珍貴的包裹里面裝的全是石頭和沙子！

Word study

ive n. 偵探

detective story 偵探小說

Science fiction/romantic novel(fiction)/historical fiction

Build a romantic relationship with sb

Fairy tale

Detect v. 發現；察覺；注意到

I detected something unusual here. 我覺得有什么不對勁。

You may detect danger anywhere in a jungle. 叢林里到處能感覺到危險。

Detect v.---detective adj.---detection n.

detectable 可以發覺的

t n. 機場 airport航空港

passport護照→port 港口

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import 進口 →im-進入

export 出口 →ex-向外

Transport v. 運輸 transportation system n.

trans→跨越距離 port→運送，搬動(carry)

transplant 移植 （換地方種植）

Organ donation organ transplant

Organic adj.有機的

translate 翻譯 （換語言表達） trans-cultural communication

Transnational company

porter 搬運工

portable 便攜式的，手提式的 portable computer

PC personal computer

airfield n. 飛機起落的場地

field 田野; airfield 停機坪

at the airport

on the airfield

v. 預料，預計，期望，等候 except 除……之外

I think so. I expect so.我希望如此[口語]

expect do sth.期待某人做某事

We expected you to come yesterday. 我們原以為你昨天到。

expect sth.及物動詞：I expect your letter.

Parents always expect much of their children.

父母往往對孩子有很高的期望。

Mr. Wang is expecting you. 王先生在等候您呢。

wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物動詞

expect:心理上的等待 wait for:動作上的等待

I wait for my mother. I expect my mother to come back.

expected 預期的

expectant 期待的，懷有希望的

The expectant fans are waiting for the superstar.

追星族熱切地等待大明星的到來。

expectancy預期，期待 life expectancy 壽命

expectation n.期望

We should try our best to live up to our parents’ expectation.

1).n.價值

Your advice is of great value=valuable你的建議很有價值。

Of great importance=important

2). v.估價；定價

He valued the ring at $80.

他估計這枚戒指值80美元。

3). v.尊重；珍視

I value your advice. 我尊重你的勸告。

32

evaluate評價 →evaluation--apprai--estimate

devalue 貶值，跌價 decouraging market

valuable 貴重的=precious

★valuable adj. 貴重的

★precious adj. 珍貴的

valuable/ precious

precious帶有感情色彩，是真心喜歡的

如：precious photo 珍貴的照片

如果不談感情，valuable和precious是一樣的。

priceless adj.-less 表否定;沒有價格的，無價的(price 價格;)

valueless adj. 沒有價值，不足道的

worth 值：worthless adj. 無價值的

Penniless adj.身無分文的

d n. 鉆石

precious stone 寶石

crystal 水晶;

jade 玉 sapphire 藍寶石 ruby紅寶石

diamond ring 鉆石戒指

v. 偷steal,stole,stolen

1).偷竊

2).悄悄地動, 靜靜地流

steal into the room 潛入房間

steal away 溜掉

Mist stole over the valley. 霧悄悄地把整個山谷籠罩起來。

The years steal by. 歲月不知不覺地過去了。

The feeling steals upon me. 我不知不覺產生了這種感情。

3).偷偷地做某事

The young man stole a kiss on the girl’s face.

小伙子偷偷地在姑娘的臉上親了一口。

The kid stole a punch on my back and ran away.

小孩子偷偷地在我背上打了一拳就跑了。

文化點睛：

在中國，認為在不知道的情況下是“偷”，明目張膽的就是“搶”。而英語不區分。

我們說“我的錢包被偷了”和“我被偷了”是一個字，而在英語里是兩個詞。

My wallet was stolen. I was robbed. robber

steal sth 偷(某物); rob sb 搶(某人)

跟地點相連也用rob：rob the bank

adj.主要的

main永遠不修飾人，不能說main person

Desrt appetite r Bon appe?tite！

Bon voyage!

C’est La vie!

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main cour主菜

the main street主街道

main building 主樓

mainframe 主機箱，主機 framework n.框架

main idea 主旨

v.守衛 n .

an honor guard

the guard of honor 儀仗隊

bodyguard 保鏢

life guard 救生員 Safeguard 舒膚佳

be on guard 提防，警戒

be off guard 疏忽，不防備

keep guard, 守望，警戒，與 stand guard(站崗，放哨)意思相近

介詞短語作后置定語

A beautiful girl

Something valuable

diamonds from South Africa 從南非來的鉆石

a man with glass 戴眼鏡的男人

a girl in red 穿紅色衣服的女孩

to one’s+表示情感的名詞，表示“令…感到…”

To their surpri, the so-called investor is a swindler.

令他們吃驚的是，那個所謂的投資商是騙子。

To his disappointment, the expected party was called off.

令他失望的是，他期待的聚會取消了。 like -dislike

Can i have a date with you?

Make an appointment with

Much to her delight, she got the job.

令她高興的是, 她得到了那份工作。

To my relief, the cour is going on well.

我感到寬慰的是，課程進展順利。

to one's joy to one's dismay 沮喪

to one's excitement

be full of ...裝滿

My bag was full of books.

The cup is full of water.

句型模仿：注意兩句合并的時候as的用法

表示“正當……的時候”。

1.A: He was getting into the bath.

Then someone knocked at the door.

B: Just as he was getting into the bath, someone knocked at the door.

Someone knocked at the door as he was getting into the bath。

2.A：She was getting off the bus.

Then she slipped and hurt her foot.

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B: Just as she was getting off the bus, she slipped and hurt her foot.

she slipped and hurt her foot as she was getting off the bus.

3.A: They were leaving the hou.

Then the postman arrived.

B: Just as they were leaving, the postman arrived.

4.A:I was going upstairs.

Then the telephone rang.

B: Just as I was going upstairs, the telephone rang.

5.A: We were getting into the car.

Then it began to rain.

B: Just as we were getting into the car, it began to rain.

6.A: I was finishing my breakfast. Then Aunt Lucy arrived.

B: Just as I was finishing my breakfast, Aunt Lucy arrived.

7. A: We were going to bed. Then someone knocked at the door.

B: Just as we were going to bed, someone knocked at the door.

8.A: I was buying a ticket. Then the train came into the station. B: Just as I was

buying a ticket, the train came into the station.

9.A: She was shutting the door. Then the baby woke up.

B: Just as she was shutting the door, the baby woke up.

10.A: He was crossing the road. Then he saw the accident.

B: Just as he was crossing the road, he saw the accident.

一般過去時與現在完成時

共同點：動作在過去都做過了。

區別：過去式只能強調過去的事，和現在沒有任何關系。

I ate a piece of bread.

現在完成時，過去的事情對現在產生的影響。

I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I'm not hungry.

The clock stopped.陳述事實

The clock has stopped.過去的事實對現在造成影響

It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday.強調對現在造成影響

重點：過去動作同時發生的時態

過去進行時：過去進行時，一般過去時

瞬間動詞(arrive)無進行時態

I am arriving

1.過去兩個動作同時發生，習慣上一個用一般過去時，另一個用過去進行時;動作長用過去進行時，動作短用一般過去時;

When he arrived,I was having dinner.

同時發生的兩個動作，均用過去進行時

2.分工的情況，動作的開始時間和結束時間幾乎相同，均用過去進行時;

I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing.

When I was doing my Homework,my mother was cooking.

When my mother was doing the houwork,my father was watching TV.

2.兩個動作在同時段進行，在不同時間結束，先發生的動作未結束，另一個動作

35

發生，先發生的動作用進行時態，另一個動作用過去時.

When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先開門

When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door.

電話先響

3.瞬間動詞沒有進行時態，所以兩個動作同時發生，延續性動詞用進行時態，瞬間動詞使用過去時態。

Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for

'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's

garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and

vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built

a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every

year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the

worst garden in the town!

喬.桑德斯擁有我們鎮上最漂亮的花園。幾乎每個人都參加每年舉辦的“最佳花園競賽”，而每次都是喬獲勝。比爾.弗里斯的花園比喬的花園大，他比喬也更為勤奮，種植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但喬的花園更富有情趣。他修筑了一條條整潔的小路，并在一個池塘上架了一座小木橋。我也喜歡花園，但我卻不愿意辛勤勞動。每年的花園競賽我也參加，但總因是鎮上最劣的花園而獲得一個小獎！

Why is Joe's garden the most beautiful one in the town?

1.★competition n. 比賽，競賽（暗地里的競爭）

compete with sb compete for sth

He competes with others for the first prize in the race.

他在賽跑中和別人爭第一名。

competitive examinations 選拔考試

competitive prices 有競爭力的價格

Competitive advantages 競爭優勢

參考詞匯：

所有的比賽都可以通稱為competition

速度比賽：race race

球賽：match ll match

contest n. 比賽（更廣泛） 用的更多，除了以上的比賽，都可以說contest

baby contest 寶寶大賽；beauty contest 選美

game : 游戲, 運動

2.★neat adj. 整潔的, 整潔的，井井有條

clean adj. 干凈的

neat=tidy v.

Girls always keep their rooms neat while boys always have messy ones. 女孩的房間通常整潔而男孩的房間多數凌亂。

a neat answer 巧妙的回答 a neat speech 簡練的發言

neat weight 凈重 gross weight a neat figure 勻稱的身材

Neatly adv. neatness n.

36

近義參考詞匯：tidy, clean, trim

反義參考詞匯：dirty, untidy，messy

3.★path n. 小路，小徑

path, lane, drive, avenue, road, highway, way(僅供參考)

path一般指小道，小徑，特別是林間或田間小徑，

而且通常是由人走出來的，而不是修筑的。

The path cuts across the forest. 這條小路穿過樹林。

Short cut 捷徑

He made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

他修筑了幾條整齊的小路，并且在池子上架起了一座木橋。

lane 巷子，也指寬闊街道上的車道

Its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been

kept away from the living areas.

寬闊的馬路有十四條車道，都遠離生活區。

He walked along the country lane. 他走在鄉間的小徑上。

drive一般表示私人住宅前專為私人的車子而鋪設的車道，也指游覽 車在游覽區行駛的小路。

The car entered the gate and stopped at the end of the drive.

車子進了大門，在車道的盡頭停了下來。

avenue指的是城市中寬闊的大街或者林蔭道。

He is staying at the Fifth Avenue. 他住在第五大道。

road指市區外車輛或馬匹行走的道路。

Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.

今年年底，工人們將要修筑好新的馬路。

highway指來往車輛多的公路。

A highway bridge is being built over the river.

那條河上正在修筑一座公路橋。

way 和road的含義相同，但多出現在某些習慣語中。

He lives across the way. 他住在馬路的對面。

I lost my way in the heavy fog. 我在大霧中迷路了。

On the way, a young man waved to me.

在途中有個年輕人向我招手。

This is the way to the station. 這是通向火車站的路。

to pave the way for 為…鋪平道路。

He went that way. 他向那個方向走去了。

He is always in my way. 他總是礙我的事。

A man came in my way.一個人向我走來。

4.★wooden adj. 木頭的

wooden, golden, woolen , leaden

表示材料或者顏色的形容詞

a wooden cupboard 木質櫥柜

golden years 金色年華

woolen sweater 羊毛毛衣

leaden sky 灰色的天空 lead n.鉛

37

5.★pool n. 水池

人工的 swimming pool

Pond池塘 天然的 Golden Pond

and Enter for

enter

★ vt.&vi. 進入

Enter+ 地點名詞

Always knock on the door before you enter.

★ vt.&vi. 參加，加入

We’ve entered into an agreement. 我們已達成一項協議。

He soon entered their conversation.

enter for 表示比賽、競賽、考試的名詞 報名參加, 強調報名

enter for the exam

She entered (her name/herlf) for the mathematics competition. 她報名參加數學競賽。

take part in 真正的參加

sign up for 報名參加

enlist in 報名參加

1) Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition?

Crossword 文字游戲

2)Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year. (athletes =

sportsman 運動員, 體育家 )

Olympus --Olympic n. Titan----titanic adj.巨大的

:贏 （won，won） I win. I lo win-win situation 雙贏局面

win something I win the book. I win the gold cup

win后面往往是獎品

win a prize:贏得了一個獎

win a prize for:因為...而獲獎

win不能接對手

打敗：defeat+對手 I defeat you.

和almost意義相似，表示“幾乎”、“差不多”、“差點兒”的意思。

I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差點把他的名字忘了。

I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快預備好了。

Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. 的

名詞加-’s表示所屬關系，構成名詞的所有格。這類名詞往往指有生命的東西，非凡是人。 a map of China

所有格的語法作用相當于形容詞，限定后面的名詞。這個被限定的名詞在上下文中第二次被提到時可以省略，只要不引起誤解。

He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

和build在這里是同義詞，“修建，建造”。make的詞義比較籠統、廣泛，可解釋為“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑業，指“建造，建設，蓋房子，修筑（橋梁）等”

Have you made the skirt by yourlf?

They have made a road along the river.

38

著名的“清華大學科學館門牌”的新聞，就與U和V的淵源相關——曾經北京市《京華時報》登出了一篇文章，文章稱清華大學科學館的門牌上英文名稱“SCIENCE BUILDING”被寫成“SCIENCE BVILDING”，被一名游客發現后，反映給媒體，引起人們關于應不應該把“錯寫的”“BVILDING”該回來的爭論。當然，沒有英語詞源學常識的人肯定會對于這里的“BVILDING”大驚小怪，他們怎么能接受一個司空見慣的單詞竟然與他們的初中教材上寫的不一樣呢？怎么能夠接受與他們隨身攜帶的電子詞典呢屏幕上現實的拼寫不一樣呢？殊不知，你們的英語教材和電子詞典不也是“人”印刷出版的嘛！只要是“人”就會犯錯樓！其實，在古英語當中，建筑物的書寫方式正是“BVILDING”，只是后來有人信手寫來才錯寫成“U”，后來以訛傳訛寫成了今天反而登堂入室的“BUILDING”呢！難道，清華大學科技館歷史如此悠久？竟然修建于字母U誕生（公元十世紀）之前？當然不是，其實它修建于1917年（年輕著呢），只是因為清華大學科技館想讓后人欽慕它的古老的建筑魅力，才在各個地方盡其所能地標榜古色古香的風范，故意寫成古體字來包裝自己。U代替V，能元能輔，給現代英語貢獻了很多新的單詞——

revolve／ v.

There is something wrong for the bike for the wheels fail to revolve when in motion.

猜一猜 A. 旋轉 B. 啟動 C. 運轉 D. 滑動

翻譯：：： 自行車有點毛病，因為輪子不轉動。

前綴re反復，詞根volve“轉動”。反復轉動即旋轉。volvo

Revolution n.旋轉，革命

★講詞★ “revolu-”演變自單詞“revolve-旋轉”，t-銜接字母，ion-名詞后綴——旋轉，后由“旋轉”演變為“改變、轉變”，最終引申為“革命”（革命就是“轉變”命運）

★回答疑疑★ 為什么“revolve”發音變成“revolu-”的形式—

因為“v”不銜接任何輔音字母，只有換成它最親近的元音“u”才能繼續拼接輔音字母——足見字母的“u”的卓越貢獻

★回答難難★ 那又為什么“revolve”是“旋轉”呢——“volve-”是擬聲詞根，

★其發音在模仿生活中物體旋轉時發出的聲音“vo~vo~”（和著名的汽車沃爾沃volvo的命名創意如出一轍）

還有那些是volve詞根衍化出來的單詞呢？

Involve v. 卷入，連累（in 進入+volv+e→轉進去→卷入）

volume n. 卷，冊（vol+ume→卷→一卷書）

evolve v. 發展，進化（e 出+volv+e→轉出來→發展，進化）

evolution n 進化，發育（e+volut+ion）

Key structures

形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

比較級相當于漢語中“比……更……”這種句型，最高級則表示在某個范圍“最……”的概念。最高級在使用時前面通常要加定冠詞the，并有一個短語或從句限定其范圍。

1、比較級和最高級的構成：

★ 單音節詞和少數雙音節詞在詞尾加-er，-est，以輔音加-y結尾的詞變-y為-i，再加-er，-est

Smarter smartest

★ 以-e結尾的詞加-r，-st

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★ 以一個輔音字母結尾的單音節詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加-er，-est

★ 三個或者是三個音節以上（多音節）

比較級的構成 : more 原級 more beautiful ,最高級的構成 : the most

原級 the most beautiful

有一些雙音節詞既可在單詞結尾加-er，-est，也可與more/less和most/least連用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。

clever— cleverer— more clever

fun adj. 快樂 funner more fun （美國人用）

A a of information a a of faces

★ 有些構成是不規則的：

good/well(better, best)；bad/ill(wor, worst)

many/much(more, most)；little(less, least)；

far(farther, further , farthest， furthest)

（farther:距離上的遠和更遠，further:程度上的更進一步）

Further study 深造

further more(更有甚者)

old(older ，elder, oldest eldest)

older 比……大 She is older than somebody

elder 做定語修飾其他名詞 elder sister (年長的)姐姐

2、比較級和最高級的用法

在使用比較級時，假如需要把所比較的兩項都提到，那么就必須比較級后用than：

My room is cleaner than the one next door.

假如比較級之所指很清楚，它可獨立存在：

Which hou do you prefer? I prefer the older one.

最高級的限定范圍一般用of，among，in等介詞短語；限定范圍也可以是從句；假如范圍很清楚，則可以省略。

John is the tallest of the three brother.

This is the coldest day in ten years.

Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.

【Special Difficulties】

every構成的合成詞

every和one，body，thing可以構成復合不定代詞everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替換使用，后面的代詞既可以用單數，也可以用復數，但它們本身均被視為單數。

Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.

=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每個人都知道自己必須做什么。

Everything is going well. 一切都很順利。

each和every均可譯為“每一個”，兩者常可互換。every只能是形容詞性，強調整體，常用來指一個大的、不確定的數目，不能直接做主語；each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞，強調個體，常用以一個確定的并通常是有限的數目，在作代詞時，直接作主語或賓語，使用第三人稱單數

Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.

【Multiple choice questions】

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1. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is ___B___ .

A. larger garden B. a large garden

C. large garden D. largest garden

2. The writer is fond of gardens. ___C___ .

A. They like him B. They like to him

C. He likes them D. He likes

be fond of=like

I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.

3. Joe wins every time. He always ___B___ Bill Frith.

A. Wins B. beats C. gains D. earns

對手關系不能用win

defeat v. 擊敗 defeat sb.

beat v. 打敗；打 gain =get sth.

earn vt. 掙得 earn money

4. Joe grows more flowers. More flowers ___A___ in his garden.

A. grow B. grow tall C. grow up D. grow big

grow vt. 種植: grow sth; grow flowers…

vi. 生長: sth. grow; flowers are growing

grow tall/grow big 變得……（一般不加形容詞）

grow up 只和 人連用, 表示人的長大（up adv.表示向上）

5. Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is ___D___ in gardening.

A. Interesting B. interest C. interestingly D. interested

sth. is interesting ……是令人感愛好的

be interested in… 對……感愛好

6. The writer doesn't like hard work. It's __B___ to look after a garden.

A. a hard work B. a hard job C. hard job D. hardly a job

it 作形式主語; 真正的主語是to look after the garden

hard work 繁重的工作 work不可數名詞；job可數名詞

hardly adv.幾乎不

Have you understood me?

Sorry, I have hardly understood you.

year the writer enters for the garden competition ___B___ .

A. Very B. also C. and D. either

very 不單獨使用；and并列連詞, 不放在句子末尾；either也, 表否定

also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾；often 可以放在句子末尾

句型模仿

1.A: Jane is shorter than Mary.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s taller.

2.A: Mary’s handwriting is better than Jane’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s wor.

3.A: Betty’s dress is less expensive than Jane’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more expensive.

4.A: Joe is taller than Bill.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think she’s shorter.

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5.A: Bill’s garden is wor than Joe’s.

B:I don’t agree with you. I think it’s better.

6.A: Joe’s garden is less interesting than Bill’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more interesting.

7.A: Bill’s garden is smaller than Joe’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s larger.

8.A: Jane’s collection of photo is bigger than Betty’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s smaller.

9.A: Joe’s garden is less beautiful than Bill’s.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more beautiful.

10.A: This book is less exciting than that one.

B: I don’t agree with you. I think it’s more exciting.

Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and

a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike

twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes pasd and then, at five to twelve, the

clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing

happened. Suddenly someone shouted, 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has

stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refud to welcome the

New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.

星期三的晚上，我們去了市政廳。 那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政廳的大鐘下面。再過20分鐘，大鐘將敲響12下。15分鐘過去了，而就在11點55分時，大鐘停了。那根巨大的分針不動了。 我們等啊等啊，可情況沒有變化。突然有人喊道：“已經12點零2分了！那鐘已經停了！”我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。那座大鐘不愿意迎接新年。此時，大家已經笑了起來，同時唱起了歌。

★ New words and expressions

1.★welcome n.v.歡迎

★ n. 歡迎 a cold welcome 冷遇

★ v. 歡迎 welcome to+地點

welcome to China；welcome to my home；welcome home；welcome back

★ adj. 受歡迎的

You are welcome.

You are welcome to+地點

cold fish 冷漠的人 My brother is a cold fish.

英語中有許多以動物代替人的詞，如：lucky dog 幸運的人

Love me,love my dog underdog Every dog has its day.

2.★crowd n.人群

★ n. 人群

in the crowd 在人群中

I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中一眼就認出了他

a crowd of people 一群人，沒有次序的人群, 擁擠的人群

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a group of people 一群人，有次序的人群

★ v.擁擠, 擠滿

a large crowd of people 一大群人

crowds of people 許多人, 人山人海

crowded 擁擠的

follow the crowd 隨大流

crowd into 涌進

be crowded with 擠滿，充滿，滿是

The bus was crowded with pasngers. 公共汽車里擠滿了乘客。

表示群體的短語構成和理解

a crowd of an army of a cloud of a group of

a fleet of a party of a gang of a stream of

A fleet of laptops and smart phones

3.★gather v.聚集

★ vt. 使集攏，集合，召集

He gathered a large crowd of people round him.

★vt 收集，采集，收（莊稼等）

to gather information 搜集資料 gather crops收莊稼

The children are out in the field gathering flowers. 孩子們在外面地里采花。

It has taken me a lifetime to gather all the books.

收集所有這些書花了我一輩子的時間。

★ vi. 集攏，聚集，集合

They gathered under the Town Hall clock.

people gathered 人們聚集在一起, 尤指自發性的聚集

gather one's brows皺眉 eyebrow chin jaw

4.★hand n.(表或機器的)指針

minute/cond/hour hand:分/秒/時針

Which is the oldest? --cond hand

因為cond hand還有“二手的，舊的”意思

wait for a moment/wait for a few conds(cs.)

cs.是conds的縮寫，在美國電影里經常能遇到

5.★refu v. 拒絕

★ vt. 拒絕（接受、服從等）

She refud the gift.

★ vt. 拒不，不肯，不愿

John refud to change his mind. 約翰拒不改變主意。

★ vi. 拒絕，不接受

I offered to pay him for his help, but he refud.

對于他的幫助我提出給他報酬，但他拒絕了。

Reject turn down

6.★shout v.喊叫

call out 大聲喊叫 cry out大聲哭喊 scream尖叫

7.★strike v. 打，擊；敲，彈（鐘，樂器等）

過去式----一般過去時

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過去分詞 完成式---完成時態，被動語態

★ v. 打，擊

She struck the man in the face.

★ v. 敲，彈（鐘，樂器等）

strike the clock（人）敲鐘

clock strike 鐘自己響

Listen, the clock is striking.

strike twelve 數字表示敲擊的次數

beat：連續不斷的打 beat drums:敲鼓

敲門用knock，敲鐘用strike

hit和strike在一定時候可以互換，都是一次性打，strike:hit hard

語法

s'名詞所有格，用來表達時間

名詞所有格表示時間或距離

It will leave in five minutes' time.

in twenty(minutes' time)名詞所有格可省略

an hour's time

How far is the school from here?

3 minutes' walk. 三分鐘路程。

n minutes pasd and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.

… minutes pass … 幾點過幾分（前半小時，pass過了）

25 minutes pasd eight

… minutes to … 幾點過幾分（后半小時，to還沒到）

a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine

時刻指點時間, 時間指段時間。時刻前的介詞用at

…(some time) pasd and then, sth. happened …時間過去了，…

An hour pasd and then, he arrived. 一個小時過去了，他終于來了。

…minutes later幾分鐘以后

waited and waited, but nothing happened.

waited and waited 等啊等啊, 強調動作的重復

（walked and walked；run and run）

vi.事情做主語, 事情發生

What happened?

Nothing happened.

5、It was true.

It was true that+從句 …是一個事實

6、The big clock refud to welcome the New Year.

refu to do sth. 拒絕去做某事

I refu to leave. 我拒絕離開

I refu to move. 我拒絕移動

7、At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.

at that moment = just then 就在那時

at the moment = now 現在, 此刻, 在此時

【Key structures】

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引導時間狀語的介詞in/on/at/during/till與until

1、用in的時間短語有：

★ 表示一天中的某段時間：

in the morning；in the afternoon；in the evening

★ 表示周、月份、年份：in a week；in January；in Feb；in 1992

★ 表示季節：in summer；in spring；in autumn；in winter

in+表示時間長度的短語可以表示"在某段時間之內"，這時可以與現在時、過去時或將來時連用，一般與完成某動作有關；還可譯為"……時間之后"，一般與將來時連用。根據時態判別in表示的含義。

in twenty minutes' time 20分鐘之后

We will finish class in half an hour.

2、用on的時間短語有：

★ 表示星期：on Monday；on Friday

★ 表示日期：on June 1st；on 23rd March（在書寫日期時沒有冠詞，但在口語中則分別讀為：on June the first；on the 23rd of March）

The apple the chair

★ 表示星期+日期：on Monday, June 1st

★ 表示具體時間：on Wednesday evening；on fine afternoon；on that day

3、用 at 的時間短語有：

★ 表示確切的時間：at five to twelve；at ten o'clock

★ 表示用餐時間：at lunch/dinner time；at teatime

★ 表示其他時刻：at night；at noon；at midnight；at that time

Fortnight 十四夜

4、during在……期間，后必須跟一個名詞，可以指整個一段時間，有時可以用 in替代

He has phoned four times during the last half hour.

I met him sometime during the week.（不能用in代替） 我是在這一周的某天遇到他的。

during the holiday 強調假期的從頭到尾

He enjoyed himlf during his holiday.

in the holiday 強調這段時間其中某一點時間, 并不表示自始至終 I was

caught in an accident in the holiday.

5、from…till… 指一段明確的時間：

The tourist ason runs from June till October.

6、until prep.&coin. 直到……時候，直到什么時候為止, 直到什么時候才

until主句和從句兩個都用一般過去時對(最習慣的一種用法), 主句和從句任何一個用過去完成是也對。

I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.

I had not understood the problem until he explained it.

We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(更習慣于這種用法)

7、from…to…

Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30

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關于時間表示方法 : What's the time?/What time is it?

A整點 : A o'clock

A點 B 分（B<30）: A B / B past A

A點15分 : A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A

A點30分 : A thirty / half past A

A點B分(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)

A點45分 : A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)

【Special Difficulties】

Any，Any and No

any 用于否定句和疑問句中, some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑問句)

Do you have any friends?

I don't have any friends.

not 用在非實義動詞后面, 實義動詞前面.

not any=no 用在名詞前面，no比not any的語氣要強，但這兩種否定的意義是相同的。

I have no friends.

no可構成復合詞nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可構成復合詞anybody，anything和anywhere。

在一個句子中通常只能有一個否定詞（包括never，hardly等詞）

【Multiple choice questions】

The people ___a___ under the Town Hall clock.

a. were c. is d. be

people:人們, 做主語一定是復數

police，cattle是集合名詞，用復數

How many times did the clock ___d___ ?

a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike

敲門用knock；敲鐘用strike

hit（輕）和 strike（重 hit hard)在一定的時候可以互換，一般表示打一下。

beat v. 連續不斷的打

beat drums 敲鼓

It refud to welcome the New Year. It ___c___ .

a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to

deny v. 否認, 拒絕去承認, 后面一般加名詞

deny the fact

I denied that I had stolen the bicycle.

refu v. 拒絕

refu to do sth.

I refud to steal the bicycle.

一、on Wednesday evening

表示“在中午、下午、晚上”的時候通常

在morning，afternoon, evening這些詞前面

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用介詞in，但是如果這些詞有定語的時候則

用on，例如：

on the evening of yesterday

在昨天晚上（of yesterday 是evening的后置定語）

二、in 和after表示“在…時間之后”時可以互換

in twenty minutes’ time （不可，注意time）

=in/ after twenty minutes

三、詞的疊加：被疊加的是單個的詞時

wait and wait 等啊等

walk on and on 走啊走

better and better越來越好

more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮

句型模仿：

1.A: When did he leave?

Eight o’clock.

B: He left at eight o’clock.

2.A: When did you visit your grandmother? 1996.

B:I visited my grandmother in 1996.

3.A: When did he arrive?

This morning.

B: He arrived in the morning.

4.A: When did you e him?

Wednesday.

B: I saw him on Wednesday.

5.A: When did she come here?

August the twenty-fourth.

B: She came here on August the twenty-fourth.

6.A: When did you meet him?

This afternoon.

B: I met him in the afternoon.

7.A: When did he go to the office?

Half past eight.

B: He went to the office at half past eight.

8.A: When did you buy that dress? Friday

B: I bought that dress on Friday.

9.A: When did he teach you English? 1994.

B: He taught me English in 1994.

10.A: When did you lend him that book?

The thirteenth of April.

B: I lent him that book on the thirteenth of April.

Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不適于演奏爵士樂

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in

Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our

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family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys

too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not

allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

我家有件古樂器，被稱作古鋼琴，是1681年德國造的。我們的這架古鋼琴存放在起居室里。我們家有這件樂器已經很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前買的。可它最近被一個客人弄壞了，因為她用它來彈奏爵士樂。她在擊琴鍵時用力過猛，損壞了兩根琴弦。我父親大為吃驚，不許我們再動它。父親的一個朋友正在修理這件樂器。

★New words and expressions

1.★musical adj.音樂的 mus

music student:the student who learned music

musical student:有音樂天賦的

He is a musical talent. 他是音樂天才

A piano is the only musical instrument here.

這里唯一的樂器是一架鋼琴。

She is very musical. 她酷愛音樂。

She has a very musical voice. 她的聲音很動聽。

musical box 八音盒 musical chairs 搶椅子游戲

2.★instrument n.樂器

instrument=musical instrument

instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指醫療、機器等方面的。也可用來泛指各種樂器。

3.★jazz n. 爵士音樂 a kind of music

4.★clavichord n. 古鋼琴 a kind of instrument

不是現代的piano

keep a dog 養狗 keep a shop 開店

keep a hou 治家

Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。

keep （on） doing =do sth repeatedly 一直做某事，不停做……

A young man and a young woman kept talking behind me.

一對青年男女在我后面不停地說話。

keep sb doing

The coach kept the players running for a whole hour.

教練讓隊員們跑了整整一個小時。

keep in touch with 保持聯系 keep pace with 保持同步，保持聯系

get in touch 取得聯系

6.★key n.琴鍵

1).琴鍵the keys of a piano

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2).鑰匙：the key to the door the way to school

3).答案:Do you know the key to the question?

4）.關鍵: key structure key points 要點

7.★recently adv. 最近

recently=lately in tho days = at that time 當時

in the days 現在

8.★damage v. 損壞 （通常可以修復或者恢復）

★ n. 損害，損失，傷害

The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.

★ vt. 損害，毀壞，損壞

The car was badly damaged in the accident. Adj嚴重的，非常的

Injure 受傷 destroy 毀壞，毀滅 程度更重

9.★shock v.使不悅或生氣,震驚

★ v. 使不悅或生氣, 震動

跟人的情緒有關的動詞的賓語往往是 “人” (以物為主語)

The news shocks me. 這個消息使我震動

★ adj. 令人震動的

It is shocking.

★ adj. 感到震動

凡是能夠用 “人” 做賓語, 又是表示人的情緒活動的動詞, 有兩個形容詞形成：令人……（V ing）；感到……（V ed）

I'm shocked.

凡是能夠用"人"做賓語，又是表示人的情緒活動的動詞，有兩個形容詞形成：

1.令人……;+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed

It shocked me. It is shocking. 'm shocked.

surpri 好事壞事都可以，只要你沒有料到

I want to give you surpri.

shock 只能是壞事,讓人感到不高興

★ n. 震動

get a shock

sb. get a shock 某人很吃驚

10.★allow v.允許，讓

allow doing sth.

Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking

No smoking。

allow sb. to do sth. / allowed to do sth.

allow常用于被動語態

You are allowed to smoke(被動語態)

You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you

n.琴弦

a string of 一串 shoestring 鞋帶

v. 觸摸

★ vt.&vi. 觸摸，碰

You are not allowed to touch the va.

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