女性主義Microsoft Word 文檔

2024年3月26日發(fā)(作者：山水游記)

Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining,

establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women.

This includes eking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and

employment.

The Utopian Socialist and French philosopher Charles Fourier is credited with

having originated the word "feminism" in 1837. The words "feminism" and "feminist"

first appeared in France and the Netherlands in 1872, Great Britain in the 1890s, and

the United States in 1910., and the Oxford English Dictionary lists 1894 as the year of

the first appearance of "feminist" and 1895 for "feminism". Today the Oxford English

Dictionary defines a feminist as "an advocate or supporter of the rights and equality of

women".

Feminist theory, which emerged from the feminist movements, aims to

understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and

lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to

respond to issues such as the social construction of x and gender. Some of the

earlier forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white,

middle-class, educated perspectives. This led to the creation of ethnically specific or

multiculturalists’ forms of feminism.

Feminist activists campaign for women's rights – such as in contract law,

property, and voting – while also promoting bodily integrity, autonomy, and

reproductive rights for women. Feminist campaigns have changed societies,

particularly in the West, by achieving women's suffrage, gender neutrality in English,

equal pay for women, reproductive rights for women (including access to

contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property.

Feminists have worked to protect women and girls from domestic violence, xual

harassment, and xual assault. They have also advocated for workplace rights,

including maternity leave, and against forms of discrimination against women.

Feminism is mainly focud on women's issues, but becau feminism eks gender

equality, bell hooks and other feminists have argued that men's liberation is a

necessary part of feminism, and that men are also harmed by xism and gender roles.