海牙規則(中英)

2023年12月11日發(作者：鶴算)

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統一提單的若干法律規則的國際公約

（1924年8月22日訂于布魯塞爾，1924年8月25日頒布，1942年8月25日實施）

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES OF LAW

RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING

(“HAGUE RULES”), AND PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE

(Brusls, 25 August 1924)

The President of the German Republic, the President of the

Argentine Republic, His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the

President of the Republic of Chile, the President of the Republic of

Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His Majesty the

King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the

United States of America, the President of the Republic of Finland,

the President of the French Republic, His Majesty the King of the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British

Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most Supreme

Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the King

of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the

Latvian Republic, the President of the Republic of Mexico, His

Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty the Queen of the Netherlands,

the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of the Polish

Republic, the President of the Portugue Republic, His Majesty the

King of Romania, His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and

Slovenes, His Majesty the King of Sweden, and the President of the

Republic of Uruguay,

HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain

uniform rules of law relating to bills of lading,

HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this object and have

appointed the following Plenipotentiaries:

WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:

第一條 Article 1

本公約所用下列各詞，涵義如下：

In this Convention the following words are employed with the meanings

t out below:

(a) “承運人”包括與托運人訂有運輸合同的船舶所有人或租船人。

(a)?"Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a

contract of carriage with a shipper.

(b)??“運輸合同”僅適用于以提單或任何類似的物權憑證進行有關海上貨物運輸的合同；在租船合同下或根據租船合同所簽發的提單或任何物權憑證，在它們成為制約承運人與憑證持有人之間的關系準則時，也包括在內。

(b)??"Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage

covered by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so

far as such document relates to the carriage of goods by a,

including any bill of lading or any similar document as aforesaid

issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the

relations between a carrier and a holder of the same.

(c)??“貨物”包括貨物、制品、商品和任何種類的物品，但活牲畜以及在運輸合同上載明裝載于艙面上并且已經這樣裝運的貨物除外。

(c)???"Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandi and articles of

every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the

contract of carriage in stated as being carried on deck and is so

carried.

(d) “船舶”是指用于海上貨物運輸的任何船舶。

(d)??"Ship" means any vesl ud for the carriage of goods by a.

“貨物運輸”是指自貨物裝上船時起，至卸下船時止的一段期間。

(e)??"Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the

goods are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship.

第二條 Article 2

除遵照第六條規定外，每個海上貨物運輸合同的承運人，對有關貨物的裝載、搬運、積載、運送、保管、照料和卸載，都應按照下列規定承擔責任和義務，并享受權利和豁免。

Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of

carriage of goods by a the carrier, in relation to the loading,

handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such

goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and

entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter t forth.

第三條 Article 3

1．承運人須在開航前和開航時謹慎處理：

1.?The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the

voyage to exerci due diligence to:

(a)?使船舶適航；

(a)??Make the ship aworthy.

(b) 適當地配備船員、裝備船舶和供應船舶；

(b)??Properly man, equip and supply the ship.

(c) 使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船其他載貨處所能適宜和安全地收受、運送和保管貨物。

(c)??Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other

parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their

reception, carriage and prervation.

2．除遵照第四條規定外，承運人應適當和謹慎地裝卸、搬運、積載、運送、保管、照料和卸載所運貨物。

2.?Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall

properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and

discharge the goods carried.

3．承運人或船長或承運人的代理人在收受貨物歸其照管后，經托運人的請求，應向托運人簽發提單，其上載明下列各項： 3.??After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the

master or agent of the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue

to the shipper a bill of lading showing among other things:

(a) 與開始裝貨前由托運人書面提供者相同的、為辨認貨物所需的主要標志，如果這項標志是以印戳或其他方式標示在不帶包裝的貨物上，或在其中裝有貨物的箱子或包裝物上，該項標志通常應在航程終了時仍能保持清晰可認。

(a)?The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as

the same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading

of such goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwi

shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cas or

coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as

should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.

(b) 托運人用書面提供的包數或件數，或數量，或重量。

(b)?Either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or

weight, as the ca may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper.

(c) 貨物的表面狀況。

(c)?The apparent order and condition of the goods.

但是，承運人、船長或承運人的代理人，不一定必須將任何貨物的標志、號碼、數量或重量表明或標示在提單上，如果他有合理根據懷疑提單不能正確代表實際收到的貨物，或無適當方法進行核對的話。

Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall be

bound to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number,

quantity, or weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not

accurately to reprent the goods actually received, or which he has

had no reasonable means of checking.

4．依照第3款(a)、(b)、(c)項所載內容的這樣一張提單，應作為承運人收到該提單中所載貨物的初步證據。

4. Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt

by the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with

paragraph 3(a), (b) and (c).

5．托運人應被視為已在裝船時向承運人保證，由他提供的標志、件數、數量和重量均正確無誤；并應賠償給承運人由于這些項目不正確所引起或導致的一切滅失、損壞和費用。承運人的這種賠償權利，并不減輕其根據運輸合同對托運人以外的任何人所承擔的責任和義務。

5. The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the

accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and

weight, as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnity the

carrier against all loss, damages and expens arising or resulting

from inaccuracies in such particulars. The right of the carrier to

such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability

under the contract of carriage to any person other than the shipper.

6．在將貨物移交給根據運輸合同有權收貨的人之前或當時，除非在卸貨港將貨物的滅失和損害的一般情況，已用書面通知承運人或其代理人，則這種移交應作為承運人已按照提單規定交付貨物的初步證據。 6. Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such

loss or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the

port of discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods

into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the

contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent,

within three days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the

delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of

lading.

如果滅失或損壞不明顯，則這種通知應于交付貨物之日起的三天內提交。

If the loss or damage is not apparent, the notice must be given

within three days of the delivery of the goods.

如果貨物狀況在收受時已經進行聯合檢驗或檢查，就無須再提交書面通知。

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods

has, at the time of their receipt, been the subject of joint survey

or inspection.

除非從貨物交付之日或應交付之日起一年內提出訴訟，承運人和船舶在任何情況下都免除對滅失或損害所負的一切責任。

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from

all liability in respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought

within one year after delivery of the goods or the date when the

goods should have been delivered.

遇有任何實際的或推定的滅失或損害，承運人與收貨人必須為檢驗和清點貨物相互給予一切合理便利。

In the ca of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the

carrier and the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each

other for inspecting and tallying the goods.

7．貨物裝船后，如果托運人要求，簽發“已裝船”提單，承運人、船長或承運人的代理人簽發給托運人的提單，應為“已裝船”提單，如果托運人事先已取得這種貨物的物權單據，應交還這種單據，換取“已裝船”提單。但是，也可以根據承運人的決定，在裝貨港由承運人、船長或其代理人在上述物權單據上注明裝貨船名和裝船日期。經過這樣注明的上述單據，如果載有第三條第3款所指項目，即應成為本條所指的“已裝船”提單。

7.??After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by

the carrier, master, or agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall,

if the shipper so demands, be a "shipped" bill of lading, provided

that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of

title to such goods, he shall surrender the same as against the issue

of the "shipped" bill of lading, but at the option of the carrier

such document of title may be noted at the port of shipment by the

carrier, master, or agent with the name or names of the ship or ships

upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates of

shipment, and when so noted, if it shows the particulars mentioned in

paragraph 3 of Article 3, shall for the purpo of this Article be

deemed to constitute a "shipped" bill of lading. 8．運輸合同中的任何條款、約定或協議，凡是解除承運人或船舶對由于疏忽、過失或未履行本條規定的責任和義務，因而引起貨物或關于貨物的滅失或損害的責任的，或以下同于本公約的規定減輕這種責任的，則一律無效。有利于承運人的保險利益或類似的條款，應視為屬于免除承運人責任的條款。

8.??Any clau, covenant, or agreement in a contract of carriage

relieving the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage

to, or in connexion with, goods arising from negligence, fault, or

failure in the duties and obligations provided in this Article or

lesning such liability otherwi than as provided in this

Convention, shall be null and void and of no effect. A benefit of

insurance in favour of the carrier or similar clau shall be deemed

to be a clau relieving the carrier from liability.

第四條 Article 4

1．不論承運人或船舶，對于因不適航所引起的滅失或損壞，都不負責，除非造成的原因是由于承運人未按第三條第1款的規定，克盡職責；使船舶適航；保證適當地配備船員、裝備和供應該船，以及使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船的其它裝貨處所能適宜并安全地收受、運送和保管貨物。凡由于船舶不適航所引起的滅失和損害，對于已克盡職責的舉證責任，應由根據本條規定要求免責的承運人或其他人承擔。

1.???Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or

damage arising or resulting from unaworthiness unless caud by

want of due diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship

aworthy and to cure that the ship is properly manned, equipped

and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers

and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and

safe for their reception, carriage and prervation in accordance

with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 3. Whenever loss or

damage has resulted from unaworthiness the burden of proving the

exerci of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person

claiming exemption under this Article.

2．不論承運人或船舶，對由于下列原因引起或造成的滅失或損壞，都不負責：

2.???Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for

loss or damage arising or resulting from:

(a)??船長、船員、引水員或承運人的雇傭人員，在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的行為、疏忽或不履行義務；

(a)??Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the

rvants of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the

ship.

(b)??火災，但由于承運人的實際過失或私謀所引起的除外；

(b)??Fire, unless caud by the actual fault or privity of the

carrier.

(c)??海上或其它可航水域的災難、危險和意外事故；

(c)??Perils, dangers and accidents of the a or other navigable

waters.

(d)??天災； (d)??Act of God.

(e)??戰爭行為；

(e)??Act of war.

(f)??公敵行為；

(f)??Act of public enemies.

(g)??君主、當權者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押；

(g)??Arrest or restraint or princes, rulers or people, or izure

under legal process.

(h)??檢疫限制；

(h)??Quarantine restrictions.

(i)??托運人或貨主、其代理人或代表的行為或不行為；

(i)??Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his

agent or reprentative.

(j)??不論由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罷工、關廠停止或限制工作；

(j)??Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from

whatever cau, whether partial or general.

(k)??暴動和騷亂；

(k)??Riots and civil commotions.

(l)??救助或企圖救助海上人命或財產；

(l)??Saving or attempting to save life or property at a.

(m)??由于貨物的固有缺點、質量或缺陷引起的體積或重量虧損，或任何其它滅失或損壞；

(m)??Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising

from inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods.

(n)??包裝不充分；

(n)??Insufficiency of packing.

(o)??標志不清或不當；

(o)??Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks.

(p)??雖克盡職責亦不能發現的潛在缺點；

(p)??Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence.

(q)??非由于承運人的實際過失或私謀，或者承運人的代理人，或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用這條免責利益的人應負責舉證，證明有關的滅失或損壞既非由于承運人的實際過失或私謀，亦非承運人的代理人或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所造成；

(q)??Any other cau arising without the actual fault or privity of

the carrier, or without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or

rvants of the carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the

person claiming the benefit of this exception to show that neither

the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or rvants of the carrier contributed to the loss or

damage.

3.???對于任何非因托運人、托運人的代理人或其雇傭人員的行為、過失或疏忽所引起的使承運人或船舶遭受的滅失或損壞，托運人不負責任。

3.??The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage

sustained by the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any

cau without the act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or

his rvants.

4.???為救助或企圖救助海上人命或財產而發生的繞航，或任何合理繞航，都不能作為破壞或違反本公約或運輸合同的行為；承運人對由此而引起的任何滅失或損害，都不負責。

4.??Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property

at a or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an

infringement or breach of this Convention or of the contract of

carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage

resulting therefrom.

5.???承運人或是船舶，在任何情況下對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害，每件或每計費單位超過一百英鎊或與其等值的其他貨幣的部分，都不負責；但托運人于裝貨前已就該項貨物的性質和價值提出聲明，并已在提單中注明的，不在此限。

5.??Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or

become liable for any loss or damage to or in connexion with goods in

an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling per package or unit, or the

equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature and value

of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and

inrted in the bill of lading.

該項聲明如經載入提單，即作為初步證據，但它對承運人并不具有約束力或最終效力。

This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima

facie evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the

carrier.

經承運人、船長或承運人的代理人與托運人雙方協議，可規定不同于本款規定的另一最高限額，但該最高限額不得低于上述數額。

By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier

and the shipper another maximum amount than that mentioned in this

paragraph may be fixed, provided that such maximum shall not be less

than the figure above named.

如承運人在提單中，故意謊報貨物性質或價值，則在任何情況下，承運人或是船舶，對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害，都不負責。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any

event for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the

nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper

in the bill of lading.

6．承運人、船長或承運人的代理人對于事先不知性質而裝載的具有易燃、爆炸或危險性的貨物，可在卸貨前的任何時候將其卸在任何地點，或將其銷毀，或使之無害，而不予賠償；該項貨物的托運人，應對由于裝載該項貨物而直接或間接引起的一切損害或費用負責。如果承運人知道該項貨物的性質，并已同意裝載，則在該項貨物對船舶或貨載發生危險時，亦得同樣將該項貨物卸在任何地點，或將其銷毀，或使之無害，而不負賠償責任，但如發生共同海損不在此限。

6.??Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the

shipment whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not

connted with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any

time before discharge be landed at any place, or destroyed or

rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the

shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expens

directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from such

shipment. If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and connt

shall become a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner

be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the

carrier without liability on the part of the carrier except to

general average, if any.

第五條??Article 5

承運人可以自由地全部或部分放棄本公約中所規定的他的權利和豁免，或增加他所應承擔的任何一項責任和義務。但是這種放棄或增加，須在簽發給托運人的提單上注明。

A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all or

any of his rights and immunities or to increa any of his

responsibilities and obligations under this Convention, provided such

surrender or increa shall be embodied in the bill of lading issued

to the shipper.

本公約的規定，不適用于租船合同，但如果提單是根據租船合同簽發的，則上述提單應符合本公約的規定。本公約中的任何規定，都不得妨礙在提單中加注有關共同海損的任何合法條款。

The provisions of this Convention shall not be applicable to charter

parties, but if bills of lading are issued in the ca of a ship

under a charter party they shall comply with the terms of this

Convention. Nothing in the rules shall be held to prevent the

inrtion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding

general average.

第六條??Article 6

雖有前述各條規定，只要不違反公共秩序，承運人、船長或承運人的代理人得與托運人就承運人對任何特定貨物應負的責任和應盡的義務，及其所享受的權利與豁免，或船舶適航的責任等，以任何條件，自由地訂立任何協議。或就承運人雇傭人員或代理人在海運貨物的裝載、搬運、積載、運送、保管、照料和卸載方面應注意及謹慎的事項，自由訂立任何協議。但在這種情況下，必須是未曾簽發或將不簽發提單，而且應將上述協議的條款載入不得轉讓并注明這種字樣的單證內。

Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Articles, a carrier,

master or agent of the carrier and a shipper shall in regard to any

particular goods be at liberty to enter into any agreement in any terms as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier for such

goods, and as to the rights and immunities of the carrier in respect

of such goods, or his obligation as to aworthiness, so far as this

stipulation is not contrary to public policy, or the care or

diligence of his rvants or agents in regard to the loading,

handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of the goods

carried by a, provided that in this ca no bill of lading has been

or shall be issued and that the terms agreed shall be embodied in a

receipt which shall be a non-negotiable document and shall be marked

as such.

這樣訂立的任何協議，都具有完全的法律效力。

Any agreement so entered into shall have full legal effect.

但本條規定不適用于依照普通貿易程序成交的一般商業貨運，而僅在擬裝運的財物的性質和狀況，或據以進行運輸的環境、條款和條件，有訂立特別協議的合理需要時，才能適用。

Provided that this Article shall not apply to ordinary commercial

shipments made in the ordinary cour of trade, but only to other

shipments where the character or condition of the property to be

carried or the circumstances, terms and conditions under which the

carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a

special agreement.

第七條??Article 7

本條約中的任何規定，都不妨礙承運人或托運人就承運人或船舶對海運船舶所載貨物于裝船以前或卸船以后所受滅失或損害，或與貨物的保管、照料和搬運有關的滅失或損害所應承擔的責任與義務，訂立任何協議、規定、條件、保留或免責條款。

Nothing herein contained shall prevent a carrier or a shipper from

entering into any agreement, stipulation, condition, rervation or

exemption as to the responsibility and liability of the carrier or

the ship for the loss or damage to, or in connexion with, the custody

and care and handling of goods prior to the loading on, and

subquent to, the discharge from the ship on which the goods are

carried by a.

第八條??Article 8

本公約各條規定，都不影響有關海運船舶所有人責任限制的任何現行法令所規定的承運人的權利和義務。

The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights and

obligations of the carrier under any statute for the time being in

force relating to the limitation of the liability of owners of a-going vesls.

第九條??Article 9

本公約所提到的貨幣單位為金價。

The monetary units mentioned in this Convention are to be taken to be

gold value. ???凡締約國中不以英鎊作為貨幣單位的，得保留其將本公約所指的英鎊數額以四舍五入的方式折合為本國貨幣的權利。

Tho contracting States in which the pound sterling is not a

monetary unit rerve to themlves the right of translating the sums

indicated in this Convention in terms of pound sterling into terms of

their own monetary system in round figures.

各國法律可以為債務人保留按船舶抵達卸貨港之日通知的兌換率，以本國貨幣償清其有關貨物的債務的權利。

The national laws may rerve to the debtor the right of discharging

his debt in national currency according to the rate of exchange

prevailing on the day of the arrival of the ship at the port of

discharge of the goods concerned.

第十條??Article 10

本公約和各項規定，適用于在任何締約國所簽發的一切提單。

The provisions of this Convention shall apply to all bills of lading

issued in any of the contracting States.

第十一條??Article 11

自本公約簽字之日起不超過二年的期限內，比利時政府應與已聲明擬批準本公約的締約國保持聯系，以便決定是否使本公約生效。批準書應于各締約國協商確定的日期交存于布魯塞爾。首次交存的批準書應載入由參加國代表及比利時外交部長簽署的議定書內。

After an interval of not more than two years from the day on which

the Convention is signed, the Belgian Government shall place itlf

in communication with the Governments of the High Contracting Parties

which have declared themlves prepared to ratify the Convention,

with a view to deciding whether it shall be put into force. The

ratifications shall be deposited at Brusls at a date to be fixed by

agreement among the said Governments. The first deposit of

ratifications shall be recorded in a procès-verbal signed by the

reprentatives of the Powers which take part therein and by the

Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs.

以后交存的批準書，應以書面通知送交比利時政府，并隨附批準文件。

The subquent deposit of ratifications shall be made by means of

a written notification, addresd to the Belgian Government and

accompanied by the instrument of ratification.

比利時政府，應立即將有關記載首次交存批準書的議定書和上段所指的通知，隨附批準書等的核證無誤的副本，通過外交途徑送交已簽署本公約或已加入本公約的國家。在上段所指情況下，比利時政府應于收到通知的同時，知照各國。

A duly certified copy of the procès-verbal relating to the first

deposit of ratifications, of the notifications referred to in the

previous paragraph, and also of the instruments of ratification

accompanying them, shall be immediately nt by the Belgian

Government through the diplomatic channel to the Powers who have

signed this Convention or who have acceded to it. In the cas contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the said Government shall

inform them at the same time of the date on which it received the

notification.

第十二條??Article 12

凡未簽署本公約的國家，不論是否已出席在布魯塞爾召開的國際會議，都可以加入本公約。

Non-signatory States may accede to the prent Convention whether or

not they have been reprented at the International Conference at

Brusls.

擬加入本公約的國家，應將其意圖用書面通知比利時政府，并送交其加入的文件，該項文件應存放在比利時政府檔案庫。

A State which desires to accede shall notify its intention in

writing to the Belgian Government, forwarding to it the document of

accession, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said

Government.

比利時政府應立即將加入本公約通知書的核證無誤的副本，分送已簽署本公約或已加入本公約的國家，并注明它收到上述通知的日期。

The Belgian Government shall immediately forward to all the States

which have signed or acceded to the Convention a duly certified copy

of the notification and of the act of accession, mentioning the date

on which it received the notification.

第十三條??Article 13

締約國的簽署、批準或加入本公約時，可以聲明其接受本公約并不包括其任何或全部自治領或殖民地、海外屬地、保護國或在其主權或權力管轄下的地域；并且可以在此后代表這些聲明中未包括的任何自治領或殖民地、海外屬地、保護國或地域將分別加入本公約。各締約國還可以根據本公約的規定，代表其任何自治領或殖民地、海外屬地、保護國或其主權或權力管轄下的地域將分別聲明退出本公約。

The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signature,

ratification or accession declare that their acceptance of the

prent Convention does not include any or all of the lf-governing

dominions, or of the colonies, overas posssions, protectorates or

territories under their sovereignty or authority, and they may

subquently accede parately on behalf of any lf-governing

dominion, colony, overas posssion, protectorate or territory

excluded in their declaration. They may also denounce the Convention

parately in accordance with its provisions in respect of any lf-governing dominion, or any colony, overas posssion, protectorate

or territory under their sovereignty or authority.

第十四條??Article 14

本公約在首批交存批準書的各國之間，于議定書記載此項交存之日起一年后開始生效。此后批準或加入本公約的各國或根據第十三條規定使公約生效的各國，于此比利時政府收到第十一條第2款及第十二條第2段所指的通知六個月后生效。 The prent Convention shall take effect, in the ca of the States

which have taken part in the first deposit of ratifications, one year

after the date of the protocol recording such deposit.

As respects the States which ratify subquently or which accede, and

also in cas in which the Convention is subquently put into effect

in accordance with Article 13, it shall take effect six months after

the notifications specified in paragraph 2 of Article 11 and

paragraph 2 of Article 12 have been received by the Belgian

Government.

第十五條 Article 15

如有締約國欲退出本公約，應用書面通知比利時政府，比利時政府立即將核證無誤的通知副本分送其他國家，并注明其收到上述通知的日期。

In the event of one of the contracting States wishing to denounce

the prent Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing

to the Belgian Government, which shall immediately communicate a duly

certified copy of the notification to all the other States, informing

them of the date on which it was received.

這種退出只對提出通知的國家有效，生效日期從上述通知送達比利時政府之日起一年以后開始。

The denunciation shall only operate in respect of the State which

made the notification, and on the expiry of one year after the

notification has reached the Belgian Government.

第十六條??Article 16

任何一個締約國都有權就考慮修改本公約事項，請求召開新的會議。

Any one of the contracting States shall have the right to call for a

fresh conference with a view to considering possible amendments.

欲行使此項權利的國家，應通過比利時政府將其意圖通知其他國家，由比利時政府安排召開會議事宜。

A State which would exerci this right should notify its

intention to the other States through the Belgian Government, which

would make arrangements for convening the Conference.

一九二四年八月二十五日訂于布魯塞爾，計一份。

DONE at Brusls, in a single copy, August 25th, 1924.

PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE

At the time of signing the International Convention for the

Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading the

Plenipotentiaries who signatures appear below have adopted this

Protocol, which will have the same force and the same value as if its

provisions were inrted in the text of the Convention to which it

relates.

The High Contracting Parties may give effect to this Convention

either by giving it the force of law or by including in their

national legislation in a form appropriate to that legislation the

rules adopted under this Convention. They may rerve the right:

1.?To prescribe that in the cas referred to in paragraph 2(c) to

(p) of Article 4 the holder of a bill of lading shall be entitled to

establish responsibility for loss or damage arising from the personal

fault of the carrier or the fault of his rvants which are not

covered by paragraph (a).

2.??To apply Article 6 in so far as the national coasting trade is

concerned to all class of goods without taking account of the

restriction t out in the last paragraph of that Article.

DONE at Brusls, in single copy, August 25th, 1924.

!海牙--維斯比規則（Visby Rules）

各締約國考慮到修改一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關于《統一提單的若干法律規則的國際公約》的需要，協議如下：

Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of

Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading ("Visby Rules")

(Brusls, 23 February 1968)

!THE CONTRACTING PARTIES,

CONSIDERING that it is desirable to amend the International

Convention for the unification of certain rules of law relating to

Bills of Lading, signed at Brusls on 25th August 1924,

HAVE AGREED as follows:

第一條 Article 1

１．在第三條第４款中應增加：“但是，當提單已經轉給善意行事的第三者時，與此相反的證據不予接受。”

(1) In Article 3, paragraph 4, shall be added:

"However, proof to the contrary shall not be admissible when the Bill

of Lading has been transferred to a third party acting in good

faith".

２．在第三條第６款中的第４段應改為：“遵照第６款（修改本）的規定，除非從貨物交付之日或應交付之日起一年內提出訴訟，承運人和船舶在任何情況下都免除對于貨物的任何責任。但是，訴訟事由提出后，如經當事方同意，該期限可以延長”。

(2) In Article 3, paragraph 6, sub-paragraph 4 shall be deleted and

replaced by:

"Subject to paragraph 6bis the carrier and the ship shall in any

event be discharged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the

goods, unless suit is brought within one year of their delivery or of

the date when they should have been delivered. This period may,

however, be extended if the parties so agree after the cau of

action has arin".

３．在第三條的第６款后應增加下列條文作為第６款（修改本）：“即使在前款規定的年限期滿后，如果在受理該案的法院的法律準許的時間內，仍可以對第三者提出賠償訴訟。但是，準許的時間不得少于三個月，自提出這種賠償訴訟的人已經解決了對他本人的索賠或者從起訴傳票送達他本人之日起算。”

(3) In Article 3, after paragraph 6, shall be added the following

paragraph 6bis:

"An action for indemnity against a third person may be brought even

after the expiration of the year provided for in the preceding

paragraph if brought within the time allowed by the law of the Court

ized of the ca. However, the time allowed shall be not less than

three months, commencing from the day when the person bringing such action for indemnity has ttled the claim or has been rved with

process in the action against himlf".

第二條 Article 2

　　第四條的第５款應予刪去，并改為下列規定：

“（ａ）除非在裝貨前，托運人已聲明該貨物的性質和價值，并載入提單，否則，在任何情況下，承運人或船舶對貨物所遭受的或有關的任何滅失或損害，每件或每單位的金額超過１０．０００法郎的部分，或按滅失或損害的貨物每公斤毛重超達３０法郎的部分，均不負責任，兩者以較高的金額為準。

Article 4, paragraph 5, shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

"(a) Unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by

the shipper before shipment and inrted in the Bill of Lading,

neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become

liable for any loss or damage to or in connection with the goods in

an amount exceeding the equivalent of 10,000 francs per package or

unit or 30 francs per kilo of gross weight of the goods lost or

damaged, whichever is the higher.

“（ｂ）全部賠償金額應參照貨物根據契約從船上卸下或應卸下的當地當時的價值計算。

“(b) The total amount recoverable shall be calculated by reference

to the value of such goods at the place and time at which the goods

are discharged from the ship in accordance with the contract or

should have been so discharged.

貨物價值應按照商品交易所價格確定，或者如無此種價格時，則按現行市場價格確定，或者如既無商品交易所價格又無現行市場價格時，則參照同類同質貨物的正常價值確定。

The value of the goods shall be fixed according to the commodity

exchange price, or, if there be no such price, according to the

current market price, or, if there be no commodity exchange price or

current market price, by reference to the normal value of goods of

the same kind and quality.

“（ｃ）如果貨物是用集裝箱、托盤或類似的裝運器具拼裝時，提單中所載明的、裝在這種裝運器具中的件數或單位數，應視為就本款所指的件數或單位數；除上述情況外，應視為此種裝運器具即是件或單位。

“(c) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is

ud to consolidate goods, the number of packages or units enumerated

in the Bill of Lading as packed in such article of transport shall be

deemed the number of packages or units for the purpo of this

paragraph as far as the packages or units are concerned. Except as

aforesaid such article of transport shall be considered the package

or unit.

“（ｄ）一個法郎是指一個含有純度為千分之九百的黃金六十五點五毫克的單位。載決的賠償數額兌換成國家貨幣的日期，應由受理該案法院的法律規定。

“(d) A franc means a unit consisting of 65.5 milligrammes of gold of

millesimal fineness 900'. The date of conversion of the sum awarded into national currencies shall be governed by the law of the Court

ized of the ca.

“（ｅ）如經證實損失是由于承運人蓄意造成損失而作出的行為或不行為或明知可能會產生損失但仍不顧后果而作出的行為或不行為產生的，則承運人或船舶無權享受本款所規定的責任限制的利益。

“(e) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be entitled to the

benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in this paragraph

if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of

the carrier done with intent to cau damage, or recklessly and with

knowledge that damage would probably result.

“（ｆ）本款（ａ）項所提到的聲明，如載入提單時，應作為初步證據，但對承運人不具有約束力或最終效力。

“(f) The declaration mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this

paragraph, if embodied in the Bill of Lading, shall be prima facie

evidence, but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.

“（ｇ）承運人、船長或承運人的代理人和托運人之間的協議，可以規定高于本款（ａ）項規定的另外最高金額，但這樣規定的最高金額不得低于（ａ）項所列的最高金額。

“(g) By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the

carrier and the shipper other maximum amounts than tho mentioned in

sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph may be fixed, provided that no

maximum amount so fixed shall be less than the appropriate maximum

mentioned in that sub-paragraph.

“（ｈ）如托運人在提單中，故意謊報貨物性質或價值，則在任何情況下，承運人或船舶對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害概不負責任”。

“(h) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any

event for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the

nature or value thereof has been knowingly mis-stated by the shipper

in the Bill of Lading".

第三條 Article 3

在本公約的第四條和第五條之間應插入以下條文作為第四條（修改本）：

Between Articles 4 and 5 of the Convention shall be inrted the

following Article 4bis:

“１．本公約規定的抗辯和責任限制，應適用于就運輸合同所涉及的有關貨物的滅失或損害對承運人所提起的任何訴訟，不論該訴訟是以合同為根據還是以侵權行為為根據。

"1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in this

Convention shall apply in any action against the carrier in respect

of loss or damage to goods covered by a contract of carriage whether

the action be founded in contract or in tort.

“２．如果這種訴訟是對承運人的雇傭人員或代理人（而該雇傭人員或代理人不是獨立的締約人）提出的，則該雇傭人員或代理人適用按照本公約承運人所可援引的各項答辯和責任限制。 2. If such an action is brought against a rvant or agent of the

carrier (such rvant or agent not being an independent contractor),

such rvant or agent shall be entitled to avail himlf of the

defences and limits of liability which the carrier is entitled to

invoke under this Convention.

“３．從承運人及其雇傭人員和代理人得到的賠償總額，在任何情況下都不得超過本公約規定的限制。

3. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, and

such rvants and agents, shall in no ca exceed the limit provided

for in this Convention.

“４．但是，如經證實，損失是由于該雇傭人員或代理人蓄意造成損失而作出的行為或不行為，或明知可能會產生損失，但仍不在意而作出的行為或不行為產生的，則該承運人的雇傭人員或代理人不得適用本條的各項規定”。

4. Nevertheless, a rvant or agent of the carrier shall not be

entitled to avail himlf of the provisions of this Article, if it is

proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the

rvant or agent done with intent to cau damage or recklessly and

with knowledge that damage would probably result".

第四條 Article 4

　　本公約的第九條應改為下列規定：

“本公約不應影響任何國際公約或國內法有關對核能損害責任的各項規定”。

Article 9 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

"This Convention shall not affect the provisions of any international

Convention or national law governing liability for nuclear damage".

第五條 Article 5

本公約的第十條應改為下列規定：

Article 10 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

“本公約各項規定應適用于兩個不同國家的港口之間有關的貨物運輸的每一份提單，如果：

"The provisions of this Convention shall apply to every Bill of

Lading relating to the carriage of goods between ports in two

different States if:

“（ａ）提單在一個締約國簽發，或

(a) the Bill of Lading is issued in a Contracting State,

or

（ｂ）從一個締約國的港口起運，或

(b) the carriage is from a port in a Contracting State,

or （ｃ）提單載有的或由提單證明的契約的規定，該契約應受本公約的各項規則約束或應受本公約生效的任何國家的立法約束，不論船舶、承運人、托運人、收貨人或任何其他有關人的國籍如何。

(c) the contract contained in or evidenced by the Bill of Lading

provides that the rules of this Convention or legislation of any

State giving effect to them are to govern the contract whatever may

be the nationality of the ship, the carrier, the shipper, the

consignee, or any other interested person.

“每個締約國應將本公約的各項規定適用于上述提單。

Each Contracting State shall apply the provisions of this Convention

to the Bills of Lading mentioned above.

“本條不應妨礙締約國將本公約的各項規定適用于不包括在前款中的提單”。

This Article shall not prevent a Contracting State from applying the

rules of this Convention to Bills of Lading not included in the

preceding paragraphs".

第六條 Article 6

在本議定書的各締約國之間，本公約與議定書應作為一個文件，結合起來閱讀和解釋。

As between the Parties to this Protocol the Convention and the

Protocol shall be read and interpreted together as one single

instrument.

本議定書的各締約國沒有義務將本議定書的各項規定適用于雖為本公約締約國、但不是本議定書締約國所簽發的提單。

A Party to this Protocol shall have no duty to apply the provisions

of this Protocol to Bills of Lading issued in a State which is a

Party to the Convention but which is not a Party to this Protocol.

第七條 Article 7

在本議定書的各締約國之間，任何一國按公約第十五條規定退出本公約，不能解釋為退出經本議定書修訂的本公約。

As between the Parties to this Protocol, denunciation by any of them

of the Convention in accordance with Article 15 thereof, shall not be

construed in any way as a denunciation of the Convention as amended

by this Protocol.

第八條 Article 8

兩個或兩個以上締約國就本公約的解釋和適用發生爭議，而未能通過協商解決時，應根據其中一方的請求提交仲裁。如在提請仲裁之日起六個月內，各方不能對促裁的組成取得一致意見時，則其中任何一方可以按照國際法庭條例將糾紛提交國際法庭。

Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the

interpretation or application of the Convention which cannot be

ttled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be

submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the

request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the

organization of the arbitration, any one of tho Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in

conformity with the Statute of the Court.

第九條 Article 9

１．每一締約國在簽字或批準本議定書或加入本議定書時，可以聲明不受本議定書第八條的約束。其他締約國對作出這一保留的任何締約國之間的關系上應不受該條的約束。

(1) Each Contracting Party may at the time of signature or

ratification of this Protocol or accession thereto, declare that it

does not consider itlf bound by Article 8 of this Protocol. The

other Contracting Parties shall not be bound by this Article with

respect to any Contracting Party having made such a rervation.

２．根據第１款，作出保留的任何締約國可在任何時候通知比利時政府撤銷此保留。

(2) Any Contracting Party having made a rervation in accordance

with paragraph 1 may at any time withdraw this rervation by

notification to the Belgian Government.

第十條 Article 10

本議定書對批準本公約的，或在一九六八年二月二十三日前加入本公約的，以及出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議（一九六七--一九六八年）的任何國家開放以供簽字。

This Protocol shall be open for signature by the States which have

ratified the Convention or which have adhered thereto before the 23rd

February 1968, and by any State reprented at the twelfth ssion

(1967-1968) of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law.

第十一條 Article 11

１．本議定書須經批準。

(1) This Protocol shall be ratified.

２．任何非本公約締約國的國家所提交的本議定書的批準書，具有加入本公約的效力。

(2) Ratification of this Protocol by any State which is not a Party

to the Convention shall have the effect of accession to the

Convention.

３．批準的文件應交存比利時政府。

(3) The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the

Belgian Government.

第十二條 Article 12

１．未出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議的聯合國成員國或聯合國各專門機構成員國，可加入本議定書。

(1) States, Members of the United Nations or Members of the

specialized agencies of the United Nations, not reprented at the

twelfth ssion of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law, may

accede to this Protocol.

２．加入本議定書，具有加入本公約的效力。 (2) Accession to this Protocol shall have the effect of accession to

the Convention.

３．加入的文件應交存比利時政府。

(3) The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Belgian

Government.

第十三條 Article 13

１．在收到十份批準書或加入文件之日后三個月，本議定書生效，但其中至少應有五個交存批準書的國家是各擁有相當于或超過一百萬總噸船舶的國家。

(1) This Protocol shall come into force three months after the date

of the deposit of ten instruments of ratification or accession, of

which at least five shall have been deposited by States that have

each a tonnage equal or superior to one million gross tons of

tonnage.

２．按照本條第１款規定，交存使本議定書生效所需的批準或加入文件之日以后的批準或加入本議定書的每一個國家，本議定書在其交存批準或加入文件之后三個月生效。

(2) For each State which ratifies this Protocol or accedes thereto

after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification or

accession determining the coming into force such as is stipulated in

paragraph (1) of this Article, this Protocol shall come into force

three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification or

accession.

第十四條 Article 14

１．任何締約國可以通知比利時政府退出本議定書。

(1) Any Contracting State may denounce this Protocol by notification

to the Belgian Government.

２．此項退出通知具有退出本公約的效力。

(2) This denunciation shall have the effect of denunciation of the

Convention.

３．此項退出通知在比利時政府收到該通知之日后一年生效。

(3) The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on

which the notification has been received by the Belgian Government.

第十五條 Article 15

1.任何締約國在簽署、批準或加入本議定書時，或在此后的任何時候，可用書面通知比利時政府，聲明在該國的主權管轄下的地域或在由該國負責其國際關系的地域中，哪些地域適用本議定書。

(1) Any Contracting State may at the time of signature, ratification

or accession or at any time thereafter declare by written

notification to the Belgian Government which among the territories

under its sovereignty or for who international relations it is

responsible, are tho to which the prent Protocol applies. 在比利時政府收到該通知之日后三個月，本議定書的適用范圍即擴大到通知書所列明的地域，但在本議定書對該締約國生效之日以前則不適用。

The Protocol shall three months after the date of the receipt of such

notification by the Belgian Government extend to the territories

named therein, but not before the date of the coming into force of

the Protocol in respect of such State.

２．如果這些地域尚未適用本公約，則此種擴大也適用于本公約。

(2) This extension also shall apply to the Convention if the latter

is not yet applicable to tho territories.

３．根據本條第１款作出聲明的任何締約國，可在此后的任何時候通知比利時政府，聲明本議定書停止擴大適用到該地域。此項退出應在比利時政府收到退出通知之日后一年生效；此項退出也應適用本公約。

(3) Any Contracting State which has made a declaration under

paragraph (1) of this Article may at any time thereafter declare by

notification given to the Belgian Government that the Protocol shall

cea to extend to such territory. This denunciation shall take

effect one year after the date on which notification thereof has been

received by the Belgian Government; it also shall apply to the

Convention.

第十六條 Article 16

各締約國可以采用下述方法使本議定書生效：賦以法律效力，或以適合于國內立法的形式在國內立法中訂入本議定書所采用的各種規則。

The Contracting Parties may give effect to this Protocol either by

giving it the force of law or by including in their national

legislation in a form appropriate to that legislation the rules

adopted under this Protocol.

第十七條 Article 17

比利時政府應將下列事項通知出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議（一九六七-一九六八年）的各國，本議定書各加入國及本公約的各締約國：

The Belgian Government shall notify the States reprented at the

twelfth ssion (1967-1968) of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime

Law, the acceding States to this Protocol, and the States Parties to

the Convention, of the following:

　　 １．根據第十條、第十一條和第十二條所收到的簽署、批準和加入的文件；

1. The signatures, ratifications and accessions received in

accordance with Articles 10, 11 and 12.

　　 ２．根據第十三條，本議定書將生效的日期；

2. The date on which the prent Protocol will come into force in

accordance with Article 13.

　　 ３．根據第十五條，關于適用地域的通知；

3. The notifications with regard to the territorial application in

accordance with Article 15. 　　 ４．根據第十四條所收到的退出通知。

4. The denunciations received in accordance with Article 14.

下列全權代表，經正式授權，已在本議定書上簽字，以資證明。

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, duly

authorized, have signed this Protocol.

一九六八年二月二十三日訂于布魯塞爾，共一份，每份都用法文和英文寫成，兩種文本具有同等效力。本議定書交存于比利時政府檔案庫，并由比利時政府分發核證無誤的本議定書副本。

DONE at Brusls, this 23rd day of February 1968, in the French and

English languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single

copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Belgian

Government, which shall issue certified copies.

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