(完整word版)英美文學知識點總結(適用于英語專八)

2024年2月13日發(作者：買賣合同書樣本)

Old English Literature 古英語文學

（450-1066年）

Beowulf （貝奧武甫）---The first English national epic

中世紀英語文學（1066-1500）

Geoffrey Chaucer (喬叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The

Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literature“英國文學之父”

William Langland (朗格蘭，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative

poem Piers Plowman《農夫皮爾斯》.

文藝復興（16-17世紀）

William Shakespeare (莎士比亞，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving

works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《維拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《魯克麗絲受辱記》

Shakespeare’s greatest works:

greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李爾王》,Macbeth《麥克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello《奧賽羅》,Romeo and Juliet 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》

great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之夢》,As You Like It 《皆大歡喜》 ,The

Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》

great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》 ,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》

John Milton (彌爾頓, 1608-1674) was an English poet and civil rvant for the

Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradi Lost《失樂園》, Paradi

Regained《復樂園》 Samson 《力士參孫》.

18世紀文學和新古典主義

Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 )

is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of

the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 諷刺雋語and heroic couplet英雄雙韻體.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人論》and An Essay

on Criticism 《論批評》

Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)

was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his

novel Robinson Crusoe《魯濱遜漂流記》, spokesman for middle-class people

Henry Fielding (菲爾丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of

Tom Jones.

Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered

for novel such as Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游記》.

Richard Sheridan ( 謝立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School

of Scandal(造謠學校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners.

Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel

Tristram Shandy （《商第傳》）.

Oliver Goldsmith （哥爾德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of

Wakefield (《威克菲爾德牧師傳記》)

Thomas Gray (托馬斯?格雷 1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

Country Churchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）, writer of ntimentalism感傷派.

浪漫主義（18世紀末19世紀初）

William Blake (1757 –1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song

of Innocence 《天真之歌》and Song of Experience《經驗之歌》.

William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor

Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication,

Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌謠集》.Wordsworth‘s magnum opus is generally considered to be The

Prelude《序曲》.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯勒律治, 1772 –1834) was an English poet who was, along with his

friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one

of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子頌》 and Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》

George Gordon Byron (拜倫，1788—1824 ) was a English poet and a leading figure in

t Byron‘s best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harold‘s

Pilgrimage 《哈羅爾德游記》and Don Juan《唐璜》

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792—1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely

considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is perhaps most famous

for Ode to the West Wind《西風頌》, To a Skylark《致云雀》, Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普羅米修斯》.

Mary Shelley (瑪麗? 雪萊1797 –1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel

Frankenstein 《弗蘭肯斯坦》, considered as first science fiction

John Keats ( 濟慈, 1795—1821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of

the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希臘古甕頌》and Ode to a Nightingale《夜鶯頌》

浪漫主義時期小說家

Jane Austen (1775—1817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sen and

Sensibility (《理智與情感》), Pride and Prejudice (《傲慢與偏見》), Emma (《愛瑪》).

Walter Scott (司各特, 1771---1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is

Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》

Realism 現實主義時期 （Victorian Age 維多利亞時期 1837-1901）

Bronte sisters 勃朗寧姐妹, Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 – 1855), Emily (艾米麗, 1818 – 1848) and

Anne (安妮, 1820 – 1849), were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. Charlotte‘s Jane Eyre《簡愛》, Emily’s Wuthering Heights 《呼嘯山莊》 and Anne's Agnes Grey《艾格妮斯·格雷》are masterpieces of English literature.

George Elliot (喬治-愛略特，1819—1880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading

writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely t in provincial England. Her major novels

include:The Mill on the Floss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》 Middlemarch《米德爾瑪契》.

Charles Dickens (1812–1870)：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His

major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities 《雙城記》,Oliver Twist 《奧利弗退斯特》,David

Copperfield 《大衛科波菲爾德》, Great Expectation 《遠大前程》, Hard Times 《艱難時世》

William Makepeace Thackeray (薩克雷，1811—1863) was an English novelist of the 19th

century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair《名利場》

Mrs. Gaskell (蓋斯凱爾夫人 , 1810-1865)was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Her

major novels include: Mary Barton 《瑪麗? 巴頓》

Thomas Hardy(哈代, 1840 – 1928) ,an English novelist of the naturalism自然主義. His major

novels include: Tess of the d‘Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔絲》Far from the Madding Crowd 《遠離塵囂》Jude the Obscure. 《無名的裘德》Most of his novels are t in Wesx（威塞克斯）.

現實主義時期詩歌

Robert Browning (布朗寧, 1812–1889) was an English poet and playwright who mastery of

dramatic ver, especially dramatic monologues戲劇獨白, made him one of the foremost

Victorian poets.

Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 – 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains

one of the most popular English poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including

"Break, break, break"

Oscar Wilde (王爾德, 1854 – 1900)

playwright and one novel, known for his aestheticism唯美主義(art for art’s sake為了藝術而藝術). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest《不可兒戲》; His major novel is

The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林-格雷的畫像》

20世紀和現代主義

Bernard Shaw (蕭伯納, 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, the greatest dramatist in English

literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to

discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, Mrs

Warren’s Profession《華倫夫人的情人》, Major Barbara《芭芭拉少校》, Pygmalion 《皮革馬力翁》 and Saint Joan《圣女貞德》

John Galsworthy (高爾斯華綏, 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th

century， a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 《福爾賽世家》which compris

three novels:The Man of Property《有產業的人》, In Chancery《衡平法院》 To Let 《出租》

Joph Conrad (康拉德, 1857-1932)Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist. His

major novels include Lord Jim 《吉姆爺》and The Heart of Darkness《黑暗的心》.

James Joyce (喬伊斯, 1882-1941):An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of the

stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulyss 《尤利西斯》;

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ; 《青年藝術家的肖像》Finnegan’s Wake; 《芬尼根徹夜祭》Dubliners《都柏林人》

E. M. Forster （福斯特, 1879-1970）an English novelist, A Passage to India 《印度之行》

T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land

《荒原》, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.

David Herbert Lawrence (D.H.勞倫斯, 1885-1930), an English novelist. His most important

novels are, Rainbow 《彩虹》 and Sons and Lovers《兒子與情人》. He is the founder of stream

of consciousness意識流.

William Butler Yeats (葉芝, 1865-1939)an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in

1923. His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium《駛向拜占庭》and Leda and Swan《利達和天鵝》.

Samuel Beckett (貝克特，1906-1989), an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature.

His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot《等待戈多》. He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd

荒誕派戲劇.

Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克, 1919-1999), English female novelist, her major novels include

Black Prince《黑王子》, The Sea, the Sea《大海啊，大海》and Unicorn 《獨角獸》

Doris Lessing (萊辛, 1919--) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is

Singing. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Muriel Spark （斯帕克, 1918-2006）English female novelist, best known for her novel The Prime

of Miss Jean Brodie (1961) 《布羅迪小姐的青春》

Virginia Woolf (伍爾夫, 1882-1941)Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the most

important female novelists. Her major works include Mrs. Dalloway《達洛威夫人》, To the

Lighthou 《向燈塔去》.

美國文學

殖民地革命時期

Benjamin Franklin (富蘭克林, 1706-1790): one of American founding fathers (建國之父)

Major works: Autobiography《自傳》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《窮人理查歷書》

Jonathan Edwards (愛德華茲，1703 –1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His work is

often associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous rmon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry

God,"《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》is credited for starting the First Great Awakening.

Thomas Pain (潘恩, 1737-1809):British pamphleteer. Major works: Common Sen《常識》（1776）

Federalists’ Papers《聯邦黨人文集》: Alexander Hamilton漢密爾頓John Jay杰伊James

Madison曼迪遜

浪漫主義時期

Romantic Period（1790-1865）：

Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)

Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)

Earlier Romantic Period:

Washington Irving (1783-1859)

Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)

Washington Irving (華盛頓? 歐文, 1783-1859): American romantic novelist. He was best

known for his short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle”, both of which

appear in his book The Sketch Book《見聞札記》. Irving is the first American writer who gained

international fame.

James Fenimore Cooper (庫珀, 1789-1851):American romantic novelist , best remembered for

his Leatherstocking Tales 《皮襪子故事》 (The Pioneer《拓荒者》, Deer Slayer《獵鹿者》,

Pathfinder《探路人》, Prairie《大草原》, The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》) featuring

frontiersman Natty Bumppo.

2) Romantic Heyday (1830-1865):

Waldo Ralph Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

Walt Whitman

Emily Dickinson

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Herman Melville

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Edgar Allan Poe

Transcendentalists（超驗主義）:

Waldo Ralph Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman (惠特曼，1819-1882): American romantic poet, father of free ver(自由詩) , best

known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass 《草葉集》

Waldo Ralph Emerson (愛默生，1803-1882): leader of the transcendentalism, his essay Nature

《論自然》is the manifesto of transcendentalism. his another essay The American Scholar《美國學者》 is considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence”.

Henry David Thoreau (梭羅, 1817–1862) : American romantic writer best known for his book

Walden《瓦爾登湖》, a reflection upon simple living.

Herman Melville (麥爾維爾, 1819–1891) : American novelist, best known for his novel

Moby-Dick《白鯨》

Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑, 1804–1864): American novelist, best known for his four

romances(傳奇小說):

The Scarlet Letter《紅字》

The Hou of the Seven Gables 《七個尖尖角的房子》

The Blithedale Romance《福谷傳奇》

The Marble Faun《玉石人像》

Emily Dickinson (狄金森，1830–1886) American poetess, who poetry are concerned with life,

death and immortality.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (斯托爾夫人, 1811–1896 American female novelist, who novel Uncle

Tom‘s Cabin (1852) 《湯姆叔叔的小屋》attacked the cruelty of slavery.)

Realism 現實主義

Mark Twain (馬克?吐溫1835 –1910), American novelist. most noted for his novels The

Adventures of Tom Sawyer （《湯姆索亞歷險記》）and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克貝恩歷險記》Life on the Mississippi River《密西西比河上的生活》

Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur‘s Court 《亞瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美國佬》

The Gilded Age 《鍍金時代》

Henry James (亨利?詹姆斯1843-1916), American realist novelist, founder of international

novel（國際題材小說）

Important works:

The American 《美國人》

The Europeans 《歐洲人》

The Portrait of a Lady 《貴婦畫像》

The Wings of the Dove 《鴿冀》

The Ambassadors 《大使》

The Golden Bowl 《金碗》

O. Henry 歐亨利 was the pen name of American novelist William Sydney Porter (1862 – 1910).

O. Henry‘s short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem (《警察和贊

美詩》) and Gift of Magie (《麥琪的禮物》)

William Dean Howells (豪威爾斯, 1837 –1920) was an American realist novelist and literary

critic. Major works include The Ri of Silas Lapham 《賽拉斯? 拉帕姆的發跡》

Theodore Dreir (德萊塞, 1871–1945) American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the

naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》and An American Tragedy

《美國悲劇》and his desire trilogy《欲望三部曲》:

The Financier 《金融家》

The Titan 《巨頭》

The Stoic 《斯多葛》

American Naturalist （自然主義）

1) Stephen Crane 克萊恩

2) Frank Norris 諾里斯

3) Jack London 杰克-倫敦

1) Stephen Crane (克萊恩, 1871–1900) was an American novelist. He won international acclaim

for his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage《紅色的英勇勛章》.

2) Frank Norris (諾瑞斯1870–1902) American novelist. His notable works include McTeague《麥克提格》 , The Octopus《章魚》

3) Jack London (杰克? 倫敦, 1876–1916) American novelist, known for his novel Martin Eden

《馬丁? 伊登》, The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼喚》.

20世紀和現代主義-詩歌

T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land

《荒原》, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.

Ezra Pound（龐德）: American imagist poet意象派詩人, major poems include Cantos 《詩章》,

Hugh Selwyn Maubery (莫伯里), Cathay (《華夏》translation of ancient Chine poems)

Robert Frost (弗羅斯特, 1874–1963) American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic

depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech. His

work was first recognized in England and then in America.

Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote for

the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.

Allen Ginsberg (金斯伯格, 1926-1997), American poet of Beat Generation (垮掉的一代), best

known for his poem “Howl”《嚎》

Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 1899—1961) American novelist. He was part of the 1920s

expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost

Generation". He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:

The Sun also Ris 《太陽照樣升起》

A Farewell to Arms 《永別了-武器》

The Old Man and the Sea《老人與海》

For Whom the Bell Tolls《喪鐘為誰而鳴》

“Meditation XVII”, an essay by metaphysical poet John Donne 多恩

“any man's death diminishes me, becau I am involved in mankind, and therefore never nd to

know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.”

Fitzgerald (菲茨杰拉德, 1896–1940) American writer of novels, who works are evocative of

the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the “Lost Generation“. Most important works

is The Great Gatsby 《了不起的蓋茨比》which reprents the destruction of American dream.

Lost Generation迷惘的一代:

The 'Lost Generation' is a phra made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first

published novel The Sun Also Ris. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" include

authors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos

Passos.

William Faulkner 福克納: American novelist, winner of Nobel Prize for literature. Most of his

works was t in an imaginary location named Yoknapatawpha. Major works include:

The Sound and the Fury 《喧嘩與騷動》Sartoris《家族小說》Go Down, Mos 《去吧，莫西》Light in August 《八月之光》Absalom, Absalom! 《押沙龍，押沙龍！》Sanctuary 《圣地》

John Steinbeck (斯坦貝克, 1902–1968) American novelist, Nobel Prize winner. He is known for

his novel The Grapes of Wrath《憤怒的葡萄》

Saul Bellow（貝縷, 1915-2005）American novelist, Nobel Prize winner, best known for his

novel such as The Adventures of Augie March,《奧吉?瑪其歷險記》Herzog, Seize the Day,

Humboldt's Gift

James Baldwin （鮑德溫, 1924-1987）, black American novelist, best known for his novel Go

Tell It on the Mountain 《向蒼天呼吁》.

Ralph Ellison （艾里森, 1913-1994）, black American novelist, best known for his The Invisible

Man 《看不見的人》

Alex Harley (1936-1969), black American novelist, best known for his Roots 《根》

Toni Morrison(莫里森, 1931-)Toni Morrison is a Nobel Prize-winning female American novelist.

among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye《最藍的眼睛》and Beloved《寵兒》.

20世紀戲劇家

Eugene O‘Neil （尤金-奧尼爾, 1888-1953）American playwright, Nobel Prize winner, best

known for his Long Day’s Journey Into Night《長夜漫漫路迢迢》, Beyond the Horizon 《天邊外》， The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》

Arthur Miller （ 亞瑟-米勒,1915-2005 ）, American playwright, best known for his The Death

of Salesman《推銷員之死》

Edward Albee (阿爾比1928---) is an American playwright best known for Who‘s Afraid of

Virginia Woolf?(《誰怕弗吉尼亞伍爾夫》). His early works reflect a Americanization of the

Theatre of the Absurd 荒誕派 that found its peak in works by Irish playwrights such as Samuel

Beckett貝克特.