鳩摩羅什論文:論鳩摩羅什對中國佛教思想文化的影響

2024年2月20日發(作者：論語書)

鳩摩羅什論文：論鳩摩羅什對中國佛教思想文化的影響

【中文摘要】鳩摩羅什作為我國佛教文化史上一位影響深遠的歷史人物,為佛教的中國化做出了不可磨滅的貢獻。羅什大師的弘法活動,使“法鼓重振于閻浮,梵輪再轉于北天”(僧肇《鳩摩羅什法師誄文》)。其間雖有彌天法師為其先導,僧肇、慧遠等作為輔助,究其實乃大師博大精深的佛學造詣使然。羅什大師對中國佛教思想文化的影響從如下三個方面闡述:一、對中國佛經翻譯的影響。羅什大師作為中國佛教的開創者和奠基人,結束了“格義時期”,對佛典的翻譯開創了一個新世紀,在中國佛教史上建立了不朽的金字塔。可以說,沒有鳩摩羅什,就沒有中國佛教。他一生翻譯出《大智度論》、《中論》、《妙法蓮華經》、《阿彌陀經》、《金剛般若波羅密經》等三十余部佛經要典,達數百卷之多,流傳廣、影響大,而從根本上改變了中國佛教的面目,使一個真正中國佛教的清晰輪廓開始展現在世人的面前,中國佛教從此步入了大發展的時代。二、對中國佛教哲學的影響。在羅什大師以前的佛教傳播,大多靠神通來顯化,羅什東去帶來的大乘空宗理論,它以豐富的內含極大地啟發了中國哲學界,魏晉的玄學討論因而得以上升到一更高的層次。他的譯籍,大部分都成為了中國佛教各派立宗的經典依據,所譯大品和小品《般若經》,當時就是般若學的要典,他翻譯的《維摩詰經》被認為是中國文學的瑰寶之一;他翻譯的《金剛經》和《心經》是在中國被引用最多的佛經;他翻譯的《阿彌陀經》是凈土宗的基本經典之一;他翻譯的《妙法蓮華經》促成了天臺宗的形成;

他翻譯的《中論》、《百論》、《十二門論》三部論典,是隋唐高僧吉藏創立三論宗的依據,《十住毗婆沙》也是華嚴宗所重的經論之一,所譯禪經和戒律類經典也產生了很大影響。羅什的譯籍,為佛教的中國化提供了深厚的基礎。使佛教哲學,與儒、道兩家分庭抗禮,變成中國文化學術的一派巨流,以后才有儒、釋、道三家之學,共同構成中華民族思想文化之全貌。三、對中國佛教文化的影響。羅什大師譯著對后世散文、詩歌、戲劇、小說創造都有借鑒意義,特別是對佛教塑像、繪畫藝術,起到了重要作用。風行各地的佛寺、佛塔,形成了中國建筑的獨特格局,成為影響后世建筑的堅實基礎。遍及全國的石窟寺塑像和壁畫,為漢文化的心理結構和民族精神注入的新鮮血液,成為源遠流長的中華民族傳統文化不可分割的組成部分。

【英文摘要】Kumārajīva in a far-reaching historical

figures buddhist culture in the history of our country, he made

an indelible contribution to the buddhism in China. The dharma

activities of master Kumārajīva make Dharma Drum revive in Yan

Fu and Although Master Mitian did pioneer and Sengzhao Huiyuan

as auxiliary , the profound study of Buddhism is accomplished

master impact of Kumārajīva Chine buddhist

thought and culture from the following three aspects:First, the

impact of the Chine translation of Buddhist

Kumārajīva the pioneers and founders of

Chine Buddhism, make an end of the “Graig righteousness

period”, the translation of Buddhist opened a new century and

it was established in the immortal pyramids in the history of

Chine Buddhism. It can be said, no Kumārajīva , no Chine

Buddhism. All his life, He translated more than thirty Famous

ures such as《big should Theory》、《Compromi

Theory》、《tip lian hua jing》、《Amount by mituo》、《the king

boluomi dao》.His translation of Buddhist scriptures are as much

as hundreds of volumes, They spread wide impact and

fundamentally change the face of Buddhism in China, so that a

truly clear outline of Chine Buddhism began to show in front

of the world, and the Chine Buddhism entered the era of great

, the impact on the Chine Buddhist

philosophy. The spread of the Buddhist before master Kumārajīva mostly rely on supernatural powers to manifest, master Kumārajīva brought thefrom east , its

abundant Contents greatly inspired the Chine philosophy,

Metaphysical discussion in WeiDynasty and Jin Dynasty were

incread to a higher level . His translation of nationality

of the Chine Buddhist factions had mostly become the classic

ca basis for legislation. His translation of large items and

pieces “of Wisdom Sutra” is Important theoretical books of

Wisdom at that time ;he translated the “Offerings” which is

considered as a treasure of Chine literature; his translation

of the “Diamond Sutra” and “Heart Sutra” is the most cited

in the Chine Buddhist scriptures; his translation of

“Amitabha Sutra” is a classic one of the basic Pure Land

Buddhism; his translation of the “Lotus Lotus Joaquin

“contributed to the formation of Tiantai; his translation of

the” Zhong theory “,” Bai theory “and “ twelve doors’theory “ were the basis of“three discussion faction”which

is founded by the monk Jicang in Sui and Tang Dynasty ,《ten

lives shiva sand pelatiah》is the classic theory of the the

Huayan classic translation of the Chan books and

Jielu books also had a significant impact. Kumārajīva ’s

translation of nationality for Buddhism in China provide a

solid foundation and buddhist philosophy could cntend with

confucianist and Taoists..From then on , buddhist philosophy

became an important part of Chine cultureThird, the impact

on the Chine Buddhist culture. Master Kumārajīva’s

translation made an important reference to the later master of

pro, poetry, drama, fiction, especially for the Buddhist

statues and paintings, The temple and pagoda which is popular

around the whole country formed a unique pattern of Chine

architecture and a solid foundation for the building of future

generations. Statues and murals in cave temples throughout the

country became the psychological structure of Chine culture

and Injected fresh blood into the national spirit, a long

history of traditional Chine culture, an integral part. It

has become the integral part of the Chine traditional culture

in the long history.

【關鍵詞】鳩摩羅什 佛經翻譯 佛教思想文化 深遠影響

【英文關鍵詞】Kumarajiva Translation of Sutra

Buddhist thought and culture Far-reaching implications

【目錄】論鳩摩羅什對中國佛教思想文化的影響3-48Abstract4-51.2 研究綜述8-111 導言8-13中文摘要1.1 問題的提出1.4 本1.3 研究方法11文的創新與不足11-1313-272 鳩摩羅什對中國佛經翻譯的影響2.1.1 格義時2.2

2.1 羅什之前的佛經翻譯13-15期的佛經翻譯13-142.1.2 道安的佛經翻譯14-15羅什大師的翻譯風格及影響15-2715-182.2.1 羅什的翻譯風格3 鳩摩2.2.2 羅什譯經集團的深遠影響18-27羅什對中國佛教哲學的影響27-40哲學概念的理解27-3027-283.1 羅什之前人們對相關3.1.1 魏晉玄學的主題3.1.3 六家偏3.2.1

3.1.2 佛教般若學的興起28-29而不即29-303.2 羅什傳播大乘中觀學派30-34

羅什弘傳大乘般若思想的主旨30-33深遠影響33-3434-4035-363.2.2 羅什般若思想的3.3 對漢傳佛教諸流派的影響3.3.1 對三論宗發展產生的巨大影響3.3.2 對天臺宗產生的影響36-373.3.3 對中國禪宗的影響37-4040-464 鳩摩羅什對中國佛教藝術的影響4.1.1 對古代文4.1 對文學藝術的影響40-43學的創作手法的影響40-41響41-43像淵源43-44結論46-4851-524.1.2 對古代文學創作思想的影4.2.1 佛教造4.2 對佛教造像的影響43-464.2.2 佛教造像的進一步中國化44-46參考文獻48-51在讀期間發表的論文后記52

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