水產(chǎn)詞匯-匯總

2023年12月4日發(fā)(作者：英文短篇小說(shuō))

biological invasion?[?ba???lɑd??k?l ?n?ve??n]

生物入侵

Global Aquaculture Education全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖教育 aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖

Cage culture[ked??k?lt??]網(wǎng)箱養(yǎng)魚(yú) Lobster[?lɑbst?] 龍蝦

Life History生活史 Blue Crab [blu kr?b] 三疣梭子蟹；藍(lán)蟹；青蟹

channel catfish斑點(diǎn)叉尾鮰 biodiversity[?ba?od??v?rs?ti]生物多樣

shrimp [?r?mp] 蝦；小蝦 shellfish貝類 algae[??ld?i] 藻類

aquatic plant[??kw?t?k pl?nt] 水生植物 freshwater淡水 pond池塘

pearl珍珠 mortality[m?r?t?l?ti] 死亡率reproduction繁殖

mollusc[?mɑl?sk] 軟體動(dòng)物 crustacean [kr??ste??n] 兩棲動(dòng)物clam[kl?m] 蛤

oyster[???st?] 牡蠣 abalone[??b??loni] 鮑魚(yú) scallop[?skɑl?p] 扇貝

amphibian[?m?f?bi?n]兩棲動(dòng)物crayfish [?kre?f??] 小龍蝦 reptile [?r?pt?l, -?ta?l] 爬行動(dòng)物breeding繁殖；飼養(yǎng) afood海鮮 catfish鯰魚(yú) trout [tra?t] 鱒魚(yú)，鮭魚(yú)dissolved oxygen溶解氧

Spawn[sp?n]產(chǎn)卵 Mate配對(duì) Sponge [sp?nd?] 海綿 molt[molt]脫皮 predator['pr?d?t?] 捕食者Distribution分布 Mature成熟的 embryo['?mbr?o]胚胎 Animal protein['protin]動(dòng)物蛋白

Fishmeal魚(yú)粉 Capture fisherie捕撈漁業(yè)Fisheries resources漁業(yè)資源

starfish海星 packets of sperm[sp?m] 數(shù)包精子 planktonic[,pl??k't?nik] 浮游生物Hatchling['h?t?l??]

人工孵化 King Crab, Red King Crab皇帝蟹 Fishery漁業(yè)Enhancement[in'h?nsm?nt]增加

Symposium[s?m'poz??m]討論會(huì) Workshop車間 forum['f?r?m]論壇small scale/large scale experiment小范圍/大型實(shí)驗(yàn) broodstock cultivation 親魚(yú)培育

Air stone氣泡石 Flow through溢流道 Larval/larve['lɑrv?l]幼蟲(chóng)Artemia鹵蟲(chóng) Larval diet幼蟲(chóng)飲食 Hatchery['h?t??ri]孵化器

larve/fry/fingerling/ Juvenile['d??v?na?l]幼蟲(chóng)（體） diatom['da??t?m]硅藻nutrition enrichment[nju?tr??n]營(yíng)養(yǎng)強(qiáng)化survial生存dry weight干重 duration[du're??n] of experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間Vibrio ['v?br?,o] bacteria弧菌fatty acid /protein['protin]/amino acid[?,mi:n?u '?sid] 脂肪酸/蛋白質(zhì)/氨基酸

Pond culture池塘養(yǎng)殖Aquaculture modes水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖模式“Eight Words” Water,Seeds, Feeds, Density，Polyculture混養(yǎng), Rotation[ro'te??n] 輪流, Dia[d?'ziz]疾病 Management，

paddy ['p?d?]cuture稻田養(yǎng)殖 Silver carp 鰱魚(yú)Bighead carp 鳙魚(yú) Grass carp草魚(yú) Black carp青魚(yú)Common carp鯉魚(yú)Crucian carp鯽魚(yú) Blunt snout bream武昌魚(yú)（團(tuán)頭魴）

Mud [m?d]carp鯪魚(yú)Mandarin['m?nd?r?n] fish鱖魚(yú)Japane eel日本鰻鱺

River crab河蟹；大閘蟹 Chine mitten['m?tn] crab中華絨蝥蟹

Japane prawn[pr?n]日本對(duì)蝦 Tilapia[t?'lɑpi?] 羅非魚(yú)Rainbow trout[tra?t]虹鱒

Largemouth bass['lɑ:d?mauθbes]大嘴鱸魚(yú) Giant tiger prawn 草蝦

giant river prawn 羅氏沼蝦 Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn 斑節(jié)對(duì)蝦

Kelp海帶 White leg shrimp白對(duì)蝦 Litopenaeus vannamei凡納濱對(duì)蝦

Litopenaeus vannamei Boone 對(duì)蝦 Big yellow croaker['krok?]大黃魚(yú)

Perch[p?t?] 鱸魚(yú) turbot['t?b?t]大比目魚(yú) Intensive [?n't?ns?v] culture集約化養(yǎng)殖

Extensive [?k'st?ns?v] culture粗養(yǎng) formulate['f?rmj?'let] feed配合飼料

water quality ['kwɑl?ti] management水質(zhì)管理 optimal['ɑpt?ml] temperature最適溫度

Sexual maturity['s????l m?'t??r?ti]性成熟 Food Habits食性Spawning time['sp?:ni?] 產(chǎn)卵期powdered

feed粉狀飼料 pelleted ['p?l?t?d]feed顆粒飼料 Stocking density放養(yǎng)密度

Raft筏 Loach[lot?] 泥鰍Tuna['tun?]金槍魚(yú)Seed collector集卵器Shell[??l]貝殼

Water temperature['t?mpr?t??]水溫 Yellow tail[tel]黃尾袋鼠 Experimental station試驗(yàn)站

Suitable feed合適的飼料 Man-made shelter['??lt?]人工海礁

In diameter[da?'?m?t?]/width/depth直徑/寬度/深度 Salmon['s?m?n]大馬哈魚(yú)

Conrve/conrvation保存/保護(hù) Young fish幼魚(yú)Artificial fertilize[,ɑrt?'f??l 'f?t?la?z]人工受精

Life cycle生命周期 species物種 Basic rearch基礎(chǔ)研究Hatch/hatching孵化

Migratory ['ma?ɡr?t?ri]fish 洄游魚(yú)類Coastal ['kostl] waters沿海水域Large scale大規(guī)模的

Penaeus monodon斑節(jié)對(duì)蝦 Giant tiger prawn草蝦 grass prawn草蝦 Mangrove['m??ɡrov] 紅樹(shù)林omnivorous [ɑm'n?v?r?s]雜食的 herbivory [h?:'biv?ri]草食性 carnivorous[kɑr?n?v?r?s]肉食性的Fertilization[,f?tl?'ze??n]受精nauplius['n?pli?s]無(wú)節(jié)幼體 Protozoea[?pro?t?'z???]蚤狀幼體 mysis['maisis]糠蝦；糠蝦幼體；糠蝦期metamorpho[,m?t?'m?rfoz] 變態(tài) salinity[s?'l?n?ti]鹽度 milkfish虱目魚(yú) Eel鰻魚(yú)

Estuary['?st??'?ri]河口 Anguilla anguilla[??'ɡwil?]歐洲鰻鱺

anguilla japonica[d??'pɑn?k?]日本鰻鱺 Glass eel 玻璃鰻 Yellow eel黃鰻 silver eel銀鰻

Recirculating Aquaculture System再循環(huán)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)recirculating/recirculation system再循環(huán)/再循環(huán)系統(tǒng) progeny['prɑd??ni] 后代 Secondary['s?k?nd?ri]次要的 Grow-out養(yǎng)殖出來(lái)Fingerling['f??g?,l??]小魚(yú) Selective [s?'l?kt?v]harvest選擇性收獲Secondary species/Main species主要/次要物種的物種 Organic fertilizer[?r'g?n?k 'f?t?la?z?]有機(jī)肥料 Marketable size市場(chǎng)規(guī)格Culture period培養(yǎng)期 Fertility生育能力 Water body水體 Stocking size放養(yǎng)規(guī)格 Murray cod['m?ri;]蟲(chóng)紋石斑魚(yú)

golden perch[p?t?]黃金鱸 silver perch銀鱸 offspring ['?fspr??]子代 survival rate[ret]存活率

scale規(guī)模handling處理 capture捕獲 oxygenation[,ɑks?d??'ne??n]氧化作用 parasite['p?r?sa?t]寄生蟲(chóng) formalin['f?rm?l?n] 福爾馬林 antibiotics[,?nt?ba?'ɑt?ks]抗生素 methylene ['m?θ?l?n]blue美藍(lán) malachite green['m?l?ka?t]孔雀石綠 fungal['f??ɡl] 真菌 heal治愈 yolk sac[s?k]卵黃囊 Mm(millimeter)毫米Cm(centimeter)厘米 μm(micrometer)測(cè)微計(jì) Aquatic Dias水生疾病

Stress壓力 Chemical Stressor['str?s?]化學(xué)壓力源Biological stressor生物壓力源 Microorganism微生物 Population[,pɑpju'le??n] density種群密度 Physical stressor物理壓力 Procedural stressor程序上的壓力 Pathogen ['p?θ?d??n]病原體；病菌 immunity[?'mj?n?ti] 免疫力 Mucus['mjuk?s]粘液 Inflammation['?nfl?'me??n]炎癥Antibody['?nt?'bɑdi]抗體 sodium['sod??m] 鈉 potassium[p?'t?s??m]鉀chloride['kl?ra?d]氯dehydration[,diha?'dre??n] 脫水Sanitation[,s?n?'te??n] 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生

Nitrogenous [na?'trɑd??n?s]含氮的organic debris[d?'bri] 有機(jī)殘骸 Disinfect['d?s?n'f?kt]消毒Infectious傳染性Parasitic[,p?r?'s?t?k]/parasite寄生/寄生蟲(chóng) Protozoa[,prot?'zo?] 原生動(dòng)物

Proteins['proti?n]蛋白質(zhì)Lipids['lipidz]脂類

Carbohydrate[,kɑrbo'ha?dret]碳水化合物

Vitamins維生素

Minerals['m?n?r?l]礦物質(zhì)Attractants[?'tr?kt?nt]劑

plant protein植物蛋白

animal protein動(dòng)物蛋白 crude protein粗蛋白Esntial[?'s?n?l] amino[?'mino] acids['?s?d]必需氨基酸

Methionine[m?'θa??nin]蛋氨酸

lysine['la?s?n]

賴氨酸Esntial fatty acids必需脂肪酸

chloroform['kl?r?f?rm]/methanol['m?θ?n?l]

氯仿/甲醇high unsaturated[?n's?t??'ret?d] fatty acids (HUFA)高不飽和脂肪酸 Energy代謝能

Digestible[da?'d?st?bl] Energy可消化能 Feed

Conversion[k?n'v??n] Ratio[re??o](FCR)飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率

Polyculture of bighead carp in ponds and pens

In China, bighead carps are usually cultured as condary species together with other carp species. The

grow-out stocking density is 750-1500/ha of 13-15 cm fingerlings. If lective harvesting is to be practiced,

a certain proportion of larger sized fish (up to 250 g) is also stocked. There is no special feeding/fertilization

required for bighead when herbivorous and omnivorous fish are cultured as the main species. However, organic fertilizer is usually applied to rai natural food if bighead and silver carp are cultured as major

species. The fish can reach marketable size (750-1500 g) within 8-10 months in China. The culture period

may be much shorter in tropical and subtropical areas. The yield of bighead carp is usually 500-1000 kg/ha,

which accounts for 10-15% of the total production.

In Vietnam, bighead grow-out is conducted through polyculture with other species, such as grass carp,

silver carp, rohu, mrigala, common carp and tilapia. Bighead carp is stocked as a minor species in the ponds,

usually accounting for 3-5% of the total. However, bighead carp usually account for 5-7% of the total

production. No special feeding for bighead carp is practid. The market size of bighead carp is 2.5-3 kg.

Extensive culture in small lakes and rervoirs

In this system, bighead carp are usually stocked as the major species, with a stocking density of

150-750/ha, depending on the size and fertility of the water body. This level reprents about 40-50% of the

total number of fish stocked. The stocking size is usually 13-15 cm. A small percentage of large fingerlings

(up to 250 g) is also stocked for lective harvesting to fully utilize the water and the available natural food.

Neither feed nor fertilizer is ud in this form of rearing. The production of bighead can reach 150-400 kg/ha,

which accounts for 40-60% of total production.

池塘和網(wǎng)攔鳙魚(yú)的混養(yǎng)

在中國(guó)，鳙魚(yú)與其他鯉科魚(yú)類通常作為次要種類。養(yǎng)成的放養(yǎng)密度為13?15厘米的魚(yú)種750-1500/ha 。如果選擇性收獲要按照大規(guī)格魚(yú)（到250克）按一定比例再放養(yǎng)。草食性和雜食性魚(yú)類作為主要的養(yǎng)殖種類沒(méi)有特別投飼/施肥。然而如果鳙魚(yú)和鰱魚(yú)作為主養(yǎng)種類，施有機(jī)肥通常適用于提高天然餌料。在中國(guó)這種魚(yú)可以8-10個(gè)月達(dá)到上市規(guī)格（750-1500克）。飼養(yǎng)期可能會(huì)比熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)短得多。鳙魚(yú)產(chǎn)量通常為500-1000公斤/公頃，占總產(chǎn)量的10-15 ％ 。

在越南，鳙魚(yú)養(yǎng)成通過(guò)與其他品種混養(yǎng)，如草魚(yú)，鰱魚(yú)，南亞野鯪，印鯪，鯉魚(yú)和羅非魚(yú)。鳙魚(yú)在池塘作為次要種類，通常占總量的3-5％ 。然而，鳙魚(yú)通常占5-7 ％的總生產(chǎn)。不對(duì)鳙魚(yú)做特別的投飼。市場(chǎng)規(guī)格為2.5-3公斤。

小型湖泊和水庫(kù)粗養(yǎng)

在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，鳙魚(yú)通常放養(yǎng)為主要品種，根據(jù)水體的大小和生育能力放養(yǎng)密度150-750/ha。這個(gè)級(jí)別代表約40-50 ％的魚(yú)放養(yǎng)總數(shù)。放養(yǎng)規(guī)格一般為13-15厘米。一部分（超過(guò)250克）大型苗種也選擇性放養(yǎng)和捕撈，以充分利用水體和天然餌料。無(wú)論是使用飼料和肥料養(yǎng)殖的那種類型。鳙魚(yú)產(chǎn)量都能達(dá)到150-400公斤/公頃，占總產(chǎn)量的40-60 ％ 。

WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

Fisheries resources: trends in production,utilization and trade

OVERVIEW

Global production from capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied about 101 million tonnes of food

fish in 2002, providing an apparent per capita supply of 16.2 kg (live weight equivalent), with aquaculture

accounting for the growth in per capita supply since 2000. Outside China, the world’s population has been

increasing more quickly than the total food fish supply; as a result the average per capita fish supply outside China declined from 14.6 kg in 1987 to 13.2 kg in 1992 and has since remained stable. Overall, fish

provided more than 2.6 billion people with at least 20 percent of their average per capita animal protein

intake. The share of fish proteins in total world animal protein supplies grew from 14.9 percent in 1992 to a

peak of 16.0 percent in 1996 and remained clo to that level (15.9 percent) in 2001.

Preliminary estimates for 2003 bad on reporting by some major fishing countries indicate that total

world fishery production decread slightly (–1 percent) compared with 2002. However, the total amount of

fish available for human consumption incread to 103 million tonnes and, on average, the per capita supply

was maintained. The decrea in capture fisheries resulting from the contraction of reduction fisheries in

some major fishmeal-producing countries was partly compensated for by increas in other food fisheries

and aquaculture.

China remains by far the largest producer, with reported fisheries production of 44.3 million tonnes in

2002 (16.6 and 27.7 million tonnes from capture fisheries and aquaculture, respectively), providing an

estimated domestic food supply of 27.7 kg per capita as well as production for export and non-food purpos.

However, there are continued indications that capture fisheries and aquaculture production statistics for

China may be too high, as indicated in The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002,1 and that this

problem has existed since the early 1990s. Becau of the importance of China and the uncertainty about its

production statistics, China, as in previous issues of this report, is generally discusd parately from the

rest of the world. Source：FAO,

回顧世界漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖

漁業(yè)資源：在生產(chǎn)，利用和貿(mào)易趨勢(shì)

概述

在2002年全球生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)捕撈和養(yǎng)殖約1.1億噸的食用魚(yú)，、人均供應(yīng)16.2千克（活體等重） ，自從2000年以來(lái)養(yǎng)殖占人均供應(yīng)量在增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)境外，世界人口增長(zhǎng)比總食用魚(yú)供應(yīng)量更迅速，其結(jié)果，中國(guó)人均魚(yú)供應(yīng)量從1987年14.6公斤下降到1992年13.2公斤，一直以來(lái)保持穩(wěn)定。總體而言，魚(yú)類提供了260億人至少超過(guò)有20％的動(dòng)物蛋白攝入量。魚(yú)蛋白占世界動(dòng)物蛋白供應(yīng)份額從1992年的14.9％增長(zhǎng)到1996年16.0％的高峰，并在2001年仍接近這一水平（ 15.9％ ） 。

根據(jù)2003年一些主要捕撈國(guó)家報(bào)告的初步估計(jì)顯示，世界漁業(yè)產(chǎn)量與2002年相比略有下降（-1 ％）。然而，魚(yú)類平均供人類消費(fèi)的總量增加至1.03億噸，人均供應(yīng)量保持不變。一些主要的魚(yú)粉生產(chǎn)國(guó)在減少，導(dǎo)致捕撈漁業(yè)的萎縮，減少的部分由增加其他食品漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖補(bǔ)償。

目前中國(guó)仍然是最大的生產(chǎn)國(guó)，據(jù)報(bào)道2002年漁業(yè)產(chǎn)量4430萬(wàn)噸，（捕撈1660萬(wàn)噸，養(yǎng)殖2770萬(wàn)噸） ，相當(dāng)于供應(yīng)了國(guó)內(nèi)人均糧食27.7公斤，用于生產(chǎn)出口和非食品用途。不過(guò)，在2002,1《世界漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖》有跡象表明，中國(guó)捕撈漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量統(tǒng)計(jì)可能過(guò)高，自上世紀(jì)90年代初這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直存在。由于中國(guó)的重要性，以及有關(guān)其生產(chǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)的不確定性，中國(guó)作為本報(bào)告的前幾期，一般是獨(dú)立于世界其他地方討論。資料來(lái)源：糧農(nóng)組織，《2004年世界漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖狀態(tài)》