2023年12月23日發(作者:屋檐的檐怎么組詞)

名詞單復數規則
名詞與可數名詞單復數
一、分類:可數名詞和不可數名詞
1、可數名詞:一個一個數得出來的,有復數形式
apple --- two apples bus ---two bus chair --- two chairs
box --- two boxes
2、不可數名詞:無法一個個數出來的,無復數形式
1) 多數物質名詞(無法分割,數不出)
water ice air paper(紙張)milk glass(玻璃)
2) 多數抽象名詞(虛無縹緲,數不出)
love friendship(友誼)fun(樂趣)luck music health(健康)
3) 太多太細(數不清)
sand salt hair grass(草)rice snow
4) 總稱類名詞(表全體,無法數)
food(食物)waste(垃圾)furniture(家具)poetry(詩歌)
3、多數名詞既作可數又作不可數
apple
作可數:I want to eat an apple.
作不可數:I want to eat apple.
cake
作可數:a cake 一個(整個)蛋糕)
作不可數:a piece of cake 一塊蛋糕
例子:I want to buy a cake. 我想買一個蛋糕。(可數)
I want to eat cake. (不可數)
I want to eat a piece of cake. (不可數)
4、有些不可數名詞在特定情況下有復數形式
water--- waters(水體)wind --- winds(一陣一陣的風)
sand --- sands(沙灘)tea --- two teas(兩份茶水)
5、可數名詞通常不單獨使用,需在前面加限定詞(冠詞、代詞、
數詞、量詞等)或用復數形式,省略冠詞除外
There are five students in the classroom.(加數詞)
There are a lot of students in the classroom.(加量詞)
A hor is very uful.
This hor is very uful.
Hors are very uful.
Hor is very uful. (╳)
二、可數名詞的復數讀音
1、大于一即算復數,如one and a half hours 一個半小時
2、元音字母有五個:a、e、i、o、u
3、元音字母中,u不一定都發元音音標開頭
uncle(發元音音標開頭)
usually(發輔音音標開頭)
university(同上)
4、y雖為輔音字母,放詞尾常發元音
baby sky
5、名詞復數的讀音:清音后讀/s/,元音或濁音后讀/z/,“嘶”(/s/、/z/、/?/、/?/、/t ?
/、/d?/)音后讀/iz/
books / b?ks/(讀清音)brothers /'br?e?z/ (讀濁音)
beds /bedz/(讀濁音)oranges / '?r?nd?iz /(“嘶”音后,讀/ iz /)
三、規則變化
1、一般直接加-s
book --- books table --- tables orange --- oranges
2、輔音加y結尾的詞,把y改成i再加-es
baby --- babies city --- cities
lady --- ladies sky --- skies
注:元音加y結尾的詞,直接加-s
boys days
為什么要把y先改成i再加-es?
原因:
1)y是半元音,即有時發輔音,有時發元音,若不變i會被誤認為發輔音
year(發輔音)yellow(發輔音)
baby(發元音)city(發元音)
babys(被誤以為y發輔音)
citys(被誤以為y發輔音)
2)如果不變成i會違反英語拼寫規則
英語拼寫規則:輔音字母寫在一起不能超過三個,如school,spring,street
skys(四個輔音字母寫在一起)
3、以發“嘶”音的字母(s、x、sh、ch)結尾的詞,加-es,讀成/iz/
bus --- bus box --- boxes brush --- brushes watch ---
watches
注:stomach因為ch不發“嘶”故直接加-s,即stomachs
為什么要加-es?
1)為了讓聽者能辨別是單數還是復數
boxs(聽不出是復數)boxes(一聽就知道是復數)
watchs(聽不出是復數)watches(一聽就知道是復數)
2)為了拼寫上不被誤認為是雙寫s或違反拼寫規則
boss --- boss(bosss違反拼寫規則,同一個字母最多連寫兩個,如apple)
bus若加-s,變成buss,會被誤以為buss是一個單詞
bus(一看就是bus的復數)
4、輔音字母加o結尾,多數加-es,少數(特別是外來詞和縮略詞)加-s
加-es:tomatoes potatoes heroes
加-s:pianos(外來詞,來自意大利語
photos(photograph的縮寫)
注:元音加o結尾的,直接加-s
zoos radios
5、f或fe結尾的詞,多把f或fe改成v再加-es(特別是發長音的),少數直接加-s (多為發短音),極個別有兩種形式
加-es:knife --- knives wife --- wives
wolf --- wolves leaf --- leaves
加-s:roofs屋頂proofs證據
兩種形式均可:handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves手帕
為什么要把f或fe變v再加-es?
原因:方便發音,以免斷氣
knifes(讀完沒氣了)knives(讀完肚子還有氣)
6、不規則變化
1)有man的單詞,把man變men
man --- men woman --- women(注意讀音)
policeman --- policemen Englishman --- Englishmen
注:German不屬于詞類,故直接加-s,即Germans
2)oo變ee(鵝用牙齒咬你腳)
goo --- gee鵝
tooth --- teeth牙齒
foot --- feet腳
3)公牛孩子和老鼠,復數最特殊
ox --- oxen公牛
child --- children 孩子
mou --- mice 老鼠
4)單復數同形
sheep綿羊fish魚deer鹿
-e結尾的表某國人的名詞:Chine,JapaneVietname(越南人)
3、有些名詞常以復數形式出現(多為由兩部分組成的名詞)
,
glass眼鏡(兩塊鏡片)trours褲子(兩個褲筒)
pajamas睡衣(連衣帶褲)
(四)不可數名詞
1、要表數量時需加量詞,表“幾個”含義,量詞需變復數
water
a bottle of water two cups of water
bread
a piece of bread two pieces of bread
paper
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
2、僅僅表示一些,可some、much、a lot of修飾(不可用many)
some water一些水much water 一些水 a lot of water很多水
3、有時不可數名詞也可以變復數,表“多份”、“很多”
two beers兩份啤酒
two coffees 兩份咖啡
waters各種各樣的水
名詞單復數練習:把下列名詞變成復數
coat _______ skirt _______ hou _______ car ________ brush
_______ box _________ toy _______ umbrella _________ ticket ________
class _________ classroom _______ teacher _________ son ___________
student _______ job _________ orange_________ class __________
monkey __________ piano _________ child ___________
country _________ family ___________ toy ____________ foot
___________
fox
Japane ___________
woman
radio ____________photo
___________
____________ tomato ____________
___________ _____________knife
sheep_____________
二、一般現在時
注:英語的時間要通過謂語動詞體現出來(形合句特點),中文
則不用(意合句)中文:我昨天去學校。
我今天去學校。
我明天去學校。
英語:I went to school yesterday.
I go to school today.
I will go to school tomorrow.
1、作用:表示一般性、經常性、習慣性動作或狀態,偶爾表將來
I get up early every day.
She is my English teacher.
2、構成:
1)be動詞:am、are、is
am用于第一人單數:即I
I am a student. = I’m student.
I’m not a student.
are用于第二人稱及所有復數:即you,we,they
You are late. = You’re late.
We are students. = We’re students.
They are not here. = They’re not here.
is用于第三人稱單數:即he,she,it
He is a student.
She is a worker.
It is my book.
2)其他動詞:動詞原形(按字典的寫法)
We go to the park every week.
注:has用于第三人稱單數,have第三人稱單數以外的情況
He has a new bike.
We have a new school.
3)第三人稱單數:需在動詞后加s(同名詞變復數的方法)
He goes to the theatre every week.
She does morning exerci every day.
John plays the piano every night.
3、常用時間狀語(表習慣性)
always總是、often經常、usually通常、every
morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有時、from
time to time時不時、twice a week一周兩次、ldom
很少、never從不
4、一般現在時的具體應用:習慣真理和瞬間,書評將來也可用
1)表習慣、經常性的事
He gets up at 7:00 every morning.
2)表示真理性、客觀性的事
Light goes faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播得快。
The moon moves round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉。
Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。
3)表瞬間發生的事
Tom pass the ball to John. John shoots. What a goal!
湯姆傳球給約翰。約翰射門。球進了!
4)用寫書評、讀后感
I finished reading a book yesterday. It is about a little princess.
Her mother dies when she is young.
5)表示安排好的將來一定發生的事(詳見一般將來時專題)
Now it’s 8:00. The train leaves at 10:00.
The final exam is in next week.
一般現在是練習:用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. We often___________(play) on the playground.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What_________ (do) he usually _____(do) after school?
5. Danny ________(study) English, Chine, Maths, Science and
Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she ________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9. How many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)
on Monday?
10. What time ________his mother_________(do) the houwork?
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