閱讀理解練習一

閱讀理解練習一

Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C

or D.

Text 1

An increasing number of scientists have found that anything that gives you pleasure may be

more than just fun. Pleasure and humor might help us live longer, fight off illness, and cure drug

addiction. "Science has generally neglected pleasure and humor to concentrate on negative things

like depression and illness," said Dr. William Fry, a psychiatry professor at Stanford University

Medical Center in California. "But there's a growing realization of just how powerful pleasure is."

For example, rearch shows that smiling and laughing can actually strengthen your immune

system, reduce stress and physical pain, and even help cancer patients. One rearch project at

Loam Linda University showed the beneficial effects of laughter on the body. In the study, ten

medical students were hooked up to veral machines and spent an hour watching a funny

videotape of a man smashing watermelons with a hammer.

Rearchers were not trying to prove that smashing watermelons is a funny thing to do. They

already knew that the volunteers would probably howl with laughter. What the rearchers wanted

to find out was how grinning, chuckling, and howling affected the volunteers as they watched the

video.

The rearchers were delighted to discover that small but important changes were taking

place in the volunteers' bloodstream as they giggled or roared with laughter. Their blood showed

incread production of white blood cells (the blood cells that defend us against infection and

dia). At the same time, a decrea was noticed in the levels of chemicals that stop the immune

system from working properly.

Studies such as this em to show that you should laugh, chortle, and howl as much as possible!

You will increa your chances of living a long, healthy life, That's what one rearcher means

when he says, "He who laughs, lasts. For years we've thought that laughter and other forms of

pleasure were good for you. Now it's a physiological reality.'

Text 1 譯文

越來越多的科學家發現，任何樂事帶來的不僅僅是樂趣。快樂和幽默可以使我們增壽、

抵御疾病和治療藥物成癮。“科學家們一直以來忽略了快樂和幽默的作用，而重視研究負面

的東西，比如,失落和疾病。”威廉·弗萊博士這樣說到，“但是也越來越多地認識到快樂的

強大力量。”

比如，一項研究表明微笑和大笑實際上可以提高你的免疫系統能力、減輕壓力和病痛，

甚至還可以幫助癌癥患者。羅姆林達大學的一項研究項目證明了這些在人身體上笑的有益作

用。在這項研究中，十名和幾臺機器連接的醫科學生要花一個小時觀看一部一個人用錘子砸

西瓜的有趣錄像。

研究者們并非是要了解砸爛西瓜是件趣事。他們知道這些志愿者們很可能會笑得大叫出

來。他們最終想要了解的是咧嘴笑、咯咯地笑和大笑出聲是如何影響這些觀看錄像的學生。

研究者們高興地發現了當這些學生咯咯笑或狂笑時在他們的血流里發生了一些小但是

很重要的變化。他們的血液產生了更多的白血細胞（這種細胞幫助我們抵御感染和疾病）。

同時，阻止免疫系統正常運行的化學物質含量減少了。

這樣的研究表明了你應該盡可能地大笑、咯咯地笑或狂笑出聲！你長壽、健康的機率會

大大增加。這也是一位研究者想要說的：“笑的人才會持久。很多年來我們都認為笑或其他

表示快樂的形式都會對你有好處。現在，這是一個生理上的現實了。”

46. According to the text pleasure and humor might _______.

〖A〗 cure cancer

〖B〗 cure infectious dias

〖C〗 help people concentrate

〖D〗 help people quit smoking

答案：〖D〗

釋疑：第一段中提到pleasure and humor might help us live longer, fight off illness, and cure drug

addiction，但文章并沒有提到能夠治療癌癥、醫治傳染病和使人精力集中。所以A, B, C 答

案都不對。Smoking可以認為是一種drug addiction,所以答案應是 〖D〗。

47. In Dr. William Fry's opinion scientists ______ .

〖A〗 have paid enough attention to the effect of laughter

〖B〗 have neglected depression and illness

〖C〗 have preferred pleasure and humor to depression and illness

〖D〗 have realized the importance of pleasure in people's lives

答案：〖D〗

釋疑：第一段中提到Dr. William Fry講"But there's a growing realization of just how powerful

pleasure is"。文章也提到科學家忽略了pleasure的作用，而重視研究depression和illness。

所以〖A〗、〖B〗和〖C〗肯定是錯誤的。

48. Laughter helps to fight off illness becau _______.

〖A〗 it increas blood flow in human body

〖B〗 it helps the production of blood cells

〖C〗 it can strengthen the immune system and reduces physical pain

〖D〗 it can reduce chemicals in human blood

答案：〖C〗

釋疑：這一題是邏輯推理題。Laughter能夠有助于抵御疾病，其原因必須是直接原因。抵御

疾病的直接原因應是免疫系統能力的提高和減輕病痛，所以答案應是〖C〗。

49. In the text the rearchers were trying to find out ___.

〖A〗 how the ten students would laugh

〖B〗 why the ten students laughed

〖C〗 how laugh would affect the students

〖D〗 why smashing watermelons was funny

答案：〖C〗

釋疑：第三段中提到科學家實驗的目的并非是要了解砸爛西瓜是否有趣，他們最終是要了解

笑是如何影響這些接受實驗的學生。

50. The best title for the text would be ________.

〖A〗 Laughter-A Powerful Medicine

〖B〗 Laughter-An Illness Killer

〖C〗 Laugh and Live Long

〖D〗 A Psychological Reality

答案：〖A〗

釋疑：本文的核心是講笑能幫助抵御疾病。所以?quot;有效的藥物"來形容笑是比較合適的。

而killer（殺手）一詞有些言過其詞了，〖C〗和〖D〗離題材又太遠了。

Text 2

Thomas Alva Edison, the American inventor, was born in 1847. Even as a child , he was

always curious and always trying to invent new things. He was not a good student in school, but

by the time he was a teenager, he had already had veral jobs: store owner, telegraph operator,

and inventor. He also had done lots of chemistry experiments on his own.

However, what Edison really wanted to do was rearch. He established his first laboratory in

Menlo Park, New Jery, and later he t up another one in West Orange, New Jery. In the

laboratories, he enjoyed trying to come up with solutions to problems that no one el had been

able to solve.

One of his most exciting and difficult challenges was to create the electric light bulb. Today,

it's very simple and easy to produce thousands of light bulbs a day. But Edison and his assistants

had to work night and day to come up with just the right materials to make the first working light

bulb. They tried over a thousand times to put together the right metals to create an electric bulb

that would work for more than just a few conds.

Once Edison had created this first working electric light, he came up with a way to produce

light bulbs in quantity. His dream was to light up all of New York City. With this goal in mind, he

constructed the world's first commercial electric power plant on Pearl Street in New York City.

It wasn't long before veral other businessmen t up their own electric companies joined

together and organized a few large companies that mass-produced all electrical equipment

according to the same standards. The outcome of all this was that Edison lost control of the

companies he had originally t up. This didn't stop him, however. He continued inventing things.

In fact, he went on to invent the phonograph (or record player) and he improved techniques ud

in the making of the first motion pictures.

When Edison died in 1931, he wasn't as rich as he could have been, but he was very famous.

Many people were inspired by his story.

Text 2 譯文

美國發明家湯姆斯·埃瓦·愛迪生生于1847年。當他還是個小孩子的時候就總是好奇，

還總努力發明一些新東西。在學校里他不是一個好學生，但是在他還是一個少年的時候他就

有了幾份工作：店主、報務員和發明者。他還獨自完成了許多化學實驗。

然而，愛迪生真正想要做的是研究。他在新澤西州曼羅園林建立了他第一個實驗室，

后來他又在新澤西州奧蘭治建立了另外一個。在這些實驗室里，他享受著自己想出那些沒人

能解決的問題的辦法。

他最刺激的和最難的挑戰之一就是發明電燈。現在一天生產成千上萬的燈泡是非常簡單

容易的。但是愛迪生和他的助手們卻為了找出使第一盞燈亮的合適的材料而日日夜夜的工

作。他們為把那些合適的材料裝配起來使得電燈可以超過幾秒鐘亮而試了上千次。

愛迪生一發明了第一盞亮燈，就提出要大量生產電燈的方法。他的夢想是要點亮整個紐

約城。懷著這個目的，他在紐約的珍珠街建立了世界第一個商業性的發電站。

不久，其他幾個商人建立了他們自己聯盟的電力公司，還組建了幾個大公司按照同樣的

標準大量生產電力設備。所有這些的結果就是愛迪生對他原先建立的公司失去控制。但是這

并沒有阻止愛迪生。他繼續發明。事實上，他繼續發明了電唱機，并改進了拍攝第一部影片

的設備。

愛迪生1931年去世時，他本應更富有些，但是他非常著名。許多人都被他的故事所激

勵。

51. According to the text Edison was the first to ________.

〖A〗 discover electricity

〖B〗 invent light bulb

〖C〗 combine all the electric companies

〖D〗 light up New York

答案：〖B〗

釋疑：答案在第三段可以找到。

52. The last paragraph implies that Edison _______.

〖A〗 was not successful as a businessman

〖B〗 did not create enough inventions

〖C〗 could not compete with other electric companies

〖D〗 wasted a lot of money

答案：〖A〗

釋疑：這是一道推斷暗含意思的題。最后一段講到"he wasn't as rich as he could have been"（他

本應更富有些）。這是個虛擬語氣，說明愛迪生沒有掙到該掙的錢。作者表現出為愛迪生感

到不平的態度。言外之意也認為愛迪生在商業運作上不如發明創造那樣成功。

53. Edison became a famous inventor although ________.

〖A〗 he failed in business

〖B〗 he was not rich

〖C〗 he lost control of the company he t up

〖D〗 he was not a good student in school

答案：〖D〗

釋疑：該題部的是"雖然愛迪生?但他還是變成了一個偉大的發明家"。這是個讓步從句，在

選答案時肯定要選和"成為發明家"相矛盾的前提。選項 （在學校學習時他學習并不好）是

最合適的選擇。選擇其他答案，其結果都不合科邏輯。

54. Electric companies were joined together becau ________.

〖A〗 their standards were different

〖B〗 tho companies wanted to be more competitive

〖C〗 there was the need to unify electric standards

〖D〗 Edison could not control his company

答案：〖C〗

釋疑：根據文章中提到的"This problem was solved in the 1880s when many of the companies

joined together and organized a few large companies that mass-produced all electrical equipment

according to the same standards", 答案是〖C〗。

55. The following are inventions of Edison's except ________.

〖A〗 electricity equipment

〖B〗 light bulb

〖C〗 record player

〖D〗 motion picture

答案：〖D〗

釋疑：文章中提到了愛迪生improved techniques ud in the making of the first motion pictures

（改進了拍攝第一部影片的設備），但不是發明了電影。其他幾項都是他的發明，所以，答

案是〖D〗。

Text 3

Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000

years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry about. In other words it

must be, "durable, distinct, divisible and portable". When we think of money today, we picture it

either as round, flat pieces of metal which we call coins, or as printed paper notes. But there are

still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no u. They will buy nothing, and a

traveler might starve if he had none of the particular local "money" to exchange for food.

Among isolated peoples, who are not often reached by traders from outside, commerce

usually means barter. There is a direct exchange of goods. For this kind of simple trading, money

is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can u, such as

salt to flavor food, shells for ornaments, or iron and copper to make into tools and vesls. The

things-salt, shells or metals-are still ud as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.

Salt may em rather a strange substance to u as money, but in countries where the food of

the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show

their value, were ud as money in Tibet until recent times, and cakes of salt will still buy goods in

Borneo and parts of Africa.

Metal, valued by weight, preceded coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or

rings, is still ud in many countries instead of money. It can either be exchanged for goods, or

made into tools, weapons or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shell, was of

bronze, often in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The earliest of the are

between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern

Mediterranean.

Nowadays, coins and notes have supplanted nearly all the more picturesque forms of money,

and although in one or two of the more remote countries people still hoard it for future u on

ceremonial occasions such as weddings and funerals, examples of primitive money will soon be

found only in muums.

Text 3 譯文

希臘哲學家亞里世多德在2000年前總結了貨幣的四個主要特點。它必須耐久、容易辨

認、可以用整數除盡、容易攜帶。換句話說就是，耐用的、有明顯區別的、能夠用整數除盡

的、便于攜帶的。我們想到貨幣時，我們想象它是圓的、平的金屬片，我們稱它為硬幣，或

者是印刷的紙幣。但是今天世界上仍有一些地方硬幣和紙幣都沒用。它們不能買任何東西。

一個旅行者如果沒有特殊的當地“錢”換取食物，他可能會餓死。

在不和外界商人接觸的隔絕國家，貿易通常是易貨貿易。這兒有物物之間的直接交換。

對于這種簡單的貿易，錢是不需要的，但是總是存在一些人人想要的和人人能用的東西，比

如，用于調味的鹽、用于裝飾的貝殼和用于做工具和器皿的鐵和銅。這些東西，鹽、貝殼和

金屬，今天仍在世界的偏遠地區當作錢使用。

鹽作為錢大概看起來很奇怪，但是在食物以蔬菜為主的國家它完全是一個必需品。直到

最近西藏還把用鹽做成的蛋糕作為錢在西藏使用，這些蛋糕被壓成不同大小來表示他們的價

值。用鹽做的蛋糕在婆羅州和非洲的部分地區仍可以買東西。

由重量決定價值的金屬先于世界上許多國家的硬幣產生。做成小方塊的、棍狀的、環狀

的鐵仍在許多國家代替錢在使用。它可以換成貨物，也可以做成工具、武器或裝飾品。中國

最早的錢除了貝殼就是銅，銅通常被做成中間有一個洞的平的圓片，稱為“現錢”。這些最

早的錢是在3000年到4000年前——早于東地中海最早的錢幣。

如今，盡管在一兩個比較偏遠的國家有些人仍貯藏那些別致的錢用于以后的一些禮儀場

合，比如，婚禮和葬禮，硬幣和紙幣還是取代了它們。原始貨幣會很快在博物館中看到。

56. According to Aristotle money must ______.

〖A〗 be easy to carry

〖B〗 be strong enough and last long

〖C〗 be able to be divided without remainder

〖D〗 bear all the qualities above

答案：〖D〗

釋疑：Aristotle講錢應?quot;durable, distinct, divisible and portable：（耐用的、有明顯區別的、

能夠用整數除盡的、便于攜帶的）。選項 〖A〗〖B〗和〖C〗都不全面。

57. In some parts of the world ______.

〖A〗 money cannot buy goods

〖B〗 money is not needed for the exchange of goods

〖C〗 money is ud in barter terms

〖D〗 money is ud to flavor food

答案：〖B〗

釋疑：在世界有些地方人們采用易貨貿易（以貨換貨,不需要貨幣），所以答案選擇〖B〗 。

58. In Tibet the value of "salt money" is determined by __.

〖A〗 the weight of the cake of salt

〖B〗 the size of the cake of salt

〖C〗 the value stamped on the cake of salt

〖D〗 the quality of the salt

答案：〖B〗

釋疑：答案可以在第三段中找到。

59. The early money of China was _______.

〖A〗 older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean

〖B〗 not as old as the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean

〖C〗 made of copper

〖D〗 made of iron

答案：〖A〗

釋疑：答案可以在第四段中找到。

60. The best title for the text would be _______.

〖A〗 Early Money

〖B〗 Money

〖C〗 Coins and Notes

〖D〗 History of Money

答案：〖B〗

釋疑：從文章總體看，它既講到歷史，也講到現在。既講到錢幣，也講到非錢幣的貨物交換。

所在還是選擇比較帶有泛泛概念的"Money"作題目還是比較合適的。