小王子作者--圣埃克絮佩里中英文

2024年2月8日發(作者：金融的邏輯)

安托萬?馬里?讓-巴蒂斯特?羅歇?德?圣埃克絮佩里(法語:Antoine Marie

Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry，1900年6月29日,1944年7月31日)，法國作家、飛行員，1900年6月29日生于法國里昂。1944年獲得“法蘭西烈士”稱[N 1]號。 在他的經典兒童小說《小王子》出版一年后，為祖國披甲對抗納粹德軍。在1944年7月31日執行一次飛行任務時失蹤。他以于1943年出版的童話《小王子》(Le

/The Little Prince)而聞名于世，其他著名的小說分別有《夜航》、《人類Petit Prince

的土地》等。位于其家鄉的里昂圣-埃克蘇佩里機場是以他命名的。直到2004年4月，離奇失蹤近60年的埃克蘇佩里飛機殘骸才在法國南部馬賽海底附近被尋獲。在他逝世50周年時，法國人將他與小王子的形象印在50法國法郎的鈔票上。

生平

童年和青年時期[編輯]

圣埃克絮佩里出生于一個貴族家庭，在五個孩子中排行老三，他有三個姐妹和一個金發小弟弟弗朗索瓦斯(Fran?ois)。父親讓?德圣埃克絮佩里(Jean de Saint-Exupéry )(1863-1904)是伯爵，1904年死于中風，此時安托萬還未滿四歲。母親Marie de Fonscolombe獨自撫養五個孩子。弗朗索瓦斯是安托萬最親近的知己，卻在15歲時患上風濕熱，并不幸死于心包炎。那是1917年夏天，他們都在瑞士弗里堡的Marianist教會學校上學。安托萬在弗朗索瓦斯離世前一直照顧他，并在《小王子》一書的結尾處寫到:“他的腳踝處閃過一道金光。他似乎呆了一下，也沒有喊叫，像一棵樹一樣倒下了。因為地上是沙子，他甚至沒有發出一點聲音。??”安托萬在17歲就成了家里唯一的男性。 受到弟弟離世和一戰的影響，安托萬開始創作諷刺普魯士士兵的漫畫，并開始寫詩.

1917年，他通過了高中畢業會考，成績平平，隨后兩次報考海軍學校落榜。他的理科成績很好，文科成績卻很差。此后，他對美術和建筑產生了興趣，并進入了法國美術學院學習建筑，但15個月后半途而廢。1918年他結識了作家Loui de

Vilmorin，開始

寫愛情詩。

1921年，圣埃克絮佩里成為了一名騎兵，開始了軍旅生涯。他在斯特拉斯堡附近的Neuhof服役，并開始接受飛行員培訓。

飛行員生涯

1926年圣埃克絮佩里在斯特拉斯堡服兵役時成為一名郵政飛行員，往返于圖盧茲和塞內加爾。1929年他遷往南美洲。1932年，他的事業進入了一個困難時期，輾轉于越南(1934年)、莫斯科(1935年)和西班牙(1936年)。這段經歷為他提供了許多寫作靈感，集中體現在《人類的大地》一書中。 1939年，他離開法國來到紐約，希望和美國軍隊一起抵抗納粹對法國的侵略。1944年春天，他終于如愿以償。 沙漠墜機

1935年12月30日，凌晨02:45，在飛行了19小時44分鐘后，圣埃克絮佩里和他的機械師André Prévot在撒哈拉沙漠中墜機了。兩個人都幸存了下來。當時他們正試圖打破巴黎到西貢的最短飛行時間記錄，爭奪150，000法郎的獎金。墜機地點可能在Wadi Natrun山谷附近，靠近尼羅河三角洲。

兩人雖然逃過了墜機，卻面臨著嚴重的脫水。他們只帶了一幅簡陋的地圖、一些水果和只夠兩人喝一天的飲用水。兩人都出現了幻覺，迷失在巨大的沙丘之間。最終，第四天，一個騎著駱駝的貝都因人發現了他們，并用當地治療脫水的辦法拯救了他們的生命。這段瀕臨死亡的經歷體現在《人的大地》和《小王子》中。

旅居美加

1940年，法蘭西第三共和國和德國納粹簽訂了第二次貢比涅停戰協定。圣埃克絮佩里隨即通過葡萄牙，在1940年的最后一天來到了美國紐約，希望能讓美國盡快加入反對納粹的戰爭。1941年1月14日，在Hotel Astor舉辦的一次約有1500人出席的作家午餐會中，圣埃克絮佩里得到了他的作品《風，沙和星辰》(法文版名為“人的大地”)一年前贏得的美國國家圖書獎，當時他正為法國而戰斗。妻子龔蘇蘿(又譯作康蘇爾洛)先是遷往法國南部小鎮奧佩德的藝術家社區，幾個月后也來到了紐約。

從1941年1月到1943年4月，圣埃克絮佩里居住在紐約中央公園南的一間雙閣樓公寓里。他還有兩處住所，分別是紐約長島Asharoken區的豪宅The Bevin

Hou和曼哈頓Beekman廣場的連棟房屋。

一些學者認為，圣埃克絮佩里在美國期間和美國著名飛行員查爾斯?林德伯格(Charles Lindbergh)的妻子Anne Morrow Lindbergh關系親密。諷刺的是，圣埃克絮佩里到美國的目的是勸說美國政府加入盟軍，Anne和她的丈夫Charles都強烈反對美國加入歐洲的戰爭。

更諷刺的是，二戰期間圣埃克絮佩里和林德伯格都成為了P-38閃電式戰斗機的飛行員，林德伯格秘密參與了太平洋戰爭，而圣埃克絮佩里不久后就永遠消失在地中海上空，舉世震驚。

圣埃克絮佩里不喜歡美國人稱呼他“埃克絮佩里先生”，到美國后才逐漸接受。他在美國期間完成了《戰爭飛行員》，廣受好評。還有《給人質的一封信》，獻給納粹控制下的四千萬法國人民，以及許多支持法國的短篇。

1942年暮春，圣埃克絮佩里夫婦在加拿大魁北克逗留了幾個星期。他們居住在哲學家Charles De Koninck家，并在那里遇到了他八歲的兒子托馬斯，這是個有著一頭金色卷發的早熟孩子。

1942年下半年，圣埃克絮佩里在紐約和Asharoken寫出了《小王子》，并于10月份完成了手稿。幾個月后，也就是1943年初，《小王子》在美國以英語和法語出版，直到作者逝世和法國解放之后，書才在法國出版。

飛行員[編輯]

出版于1926年。這是他出版的第一部作品，后來被擴寫成《南方郵航》。 南方郵航[編輯]

出版于1929年。圣埃克蘇佩里借助雅克?貝尼斯(Jacques Bernis)的形象描述了自己作為飛行員的生活和情感，吉娜葉薇芙(Geneviève)的形象則是法國作家路易絲?德?維爾莫亨(Loui de Vilmorin)的投影。

夜航[編輯]

出版于1931年12月。《夜航》由作者的朋友安德烈?吉德作序，并為他贏得了費米娜文學獎，讓他躋身名作家的行列。這本書受到了廣泛的歡迎，并被翻譯成多種語言，好萊塢甚至買下了它的電影版權。 主角里維埃的靈感來自于作者的上司迪迪耶?竇哈(Didier Daurat)。

人的大地[編輯]

出版于1939年12月，獲法蘭西文學院大獎。美國版名為《風沙星辰》。這是作者對在旅行中的自身經歷、情感和回憶的描述和思考。這本書也是作者對他和梅爾莫茲(Mermoz)和吉約梅(Guillaumet)之間的友情的獻禮，從更深層次來說，他還從一個浪漫的視角描述了人性的高貴。

小王子[編輯]

主條目:小王子

作者于戰爭期間在紐約完成的作品，1943年在紐約出版，1945年在法國出版。 給人質的一封信[編輯]

1944年在美國發表。

要塞[編輯]

出版于1948年。

青年時代的信札[編輯]

出版于1953年。1976年更名為《青年時代給一個虛擬朋友的信》(Lettres de

jeunes

à l'amie inventée)后重新出版。

筆記[編輯]

出版于1953年，1975年重新結集出版。這是作者對1935~1940年間的一個日程本和五

個記事本上的內容的整理，內容廣泛，展示了一個作家對科學、宗教和文學的濃厚興趣，

還有對一些名言警句的思考。

給母親的信[編輯]

出版于1955年，包含了作者在1910~1944年間和母親的通信。

舞者瑪儂[編輯]

這部短篇小說完成于1925年，出版于2007年。這是一個舞女瑪儂和一個四十歲的男人

之間的愛情故事，這個男人嚴肅，悲傷，正尋找生命的意義。從他們相識開始，男人就

一直保護著這個他以為是舞女的“可憐的小姑娘”。他們在汽車旅行途中發生了沒有愛

的性關系。但某天，瑪儂的三個主顧告訴他，她其實是個妓女。他們斷交后重新見面，

瑪儂投身一輛大卡車的車輪，但自殺未遂，只是腿瘸了。

給一個陌生女人的信[編輯]

出版于2007年11月。這是作者寫給一個紅十字急救護士的情書合集。1943年5月，他

們在Oran-Alger的火車上相遇。

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (French pronunciation: [,,twan d?

st ,?ɡzype?i]), officially Antoine

[3][4][Note 1][Note 2]Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, comte de Saint

Exupéry (29 June 1900 – 31 July

[Note 3]1944, Mort pour la France), was a French aristocrat, writer,

poet, and pioneering aviator. He became a laureate of veral of

France's highestliterary awards and also won the U.S.

[7]National Book Award. He is best remembered for his novella The

Little Prince(Le Petit

) and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Wind, Sand and

Stars and Night Flight. Prince

Saint-Exupéry was a successful commercial pilot before World War II,

working airmail routes in Europe, Africa and South America. At the

outbreak of war, he joined the French Air Force (Armée de l'Air), flying

reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in 1940.

After being demobilid from the French Air Force, he travelled to the

United States to persuade its government to enter the war against Nazi

Germany. Following a 27-month hiatus in North America, during which

he wrote three of his most important works, he joined the Free French

Air Forcein North Africa, although he was

far past the maximum age for such pilots and in declining health. He

disappeared over the Mediterranean on his last assigned reconnaissance

mission in July 1944, and is believed to have died at that time.

Prior to the war, Saint-Exupéry had achieved fame in France as an

aviator. His literary works — among them The Little Prince, translated

into over 250 languages and dialects —

[8][9]posthumously boosted his stature to national hero status in

France. He earned further

widespread recognition with international translations of his other

works. His 1939 philosophical memoir Terre des hommes became the name of

a major international

humanitarian group, and was also ud to create the central theme

(Terre des

) of the most successful world's fair of the 20th century, Expo

hommes—Man and His World

[67 in Montreal, Canada.

Youth and aviation

Saint-Exupéry was born in Lyon to an aristocratic family that could

trace its lineage back veral centuries. He was the third of five

children of the Countess Marie de Fonscolombe

[11][12][Note 4]and Count Jean de Saint-Exupéry (1863–1904). His

father, an executive of the Le

(The Sun) insurance brokerage, died of a stroke in Lyon's La Foux

train station before Soleil

his son's fourth birthday. His father's death would greatly affect

the entire family,

[14]transforming their status to that of 'impoverished aristocrats'.

Saint-Exupéry was the third of five children, with three sisters and

a younger blond-haired

brother, Fran?ois, who at age 15 would tragically die of rheumatic

fever contracted while both were attending the Marianist College Villa

St. Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during

World War I. Saint-Exupéry attended to his brother, his clost

confidant, beside Fran?ois'

death bed, and later wrote that Fran?ois "...remained motionless for

an instant. He did not cry out. He fell as gently as a [young] tree

falls", imagery which would much later be recrafted into the climactic

ending ofThe Little Prince. At age 17, and now the only "man" in

the family following the death of his brother, the young author was

left as distraught as his mother and sisters, but he soon assumed the

mantle of a protector and took to consoling

[15]them.

After twice failing his final exams at a preparatory Naval Academy

(intentionally, some

believe), Saint-Exupéry entered theécole des Beaux-Arts as an

auditor to study architecture

for 15 months, again without graduating, and then fell into the

habit of accepting odd jobs. In 1921, Saint-Exupéry began his military

rvice with the 2e Régiment de chasurs à

(2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry) and was nt to Neuhof, near

Strasbourg. While there cheval

he took private flying lessons and the following year was offered a

transfer from the French Army to the French Air Force. He received his

pilot's wings after being posted to the 37th

Fighter Regiment in Casablanca, Morocco. Later, being reposted to

the 34th Aviation

Regiment at Le Bourgeton the outskirts of Paris, and then

experiencing the first of his many aircraft crashes, Saint-Exupéry bowed

to the objections of the family of his fiancée, future

novelist Loui Lévêque de Vilmorin, and left the air force to take

an office job. The couple ultimately broke off their engagement and he

worked at veral more odd jobs without success over the next few years.

By 1926, Saint-Exupéry was flying again. He became one of the

pioneers of international postal flight, in the days when aircraft had

few instruments. Later he complained that tho who flew the more

advanced aircraft had become more like accountants than pilots. He

worked for Aéropostale between Toulou and Dakar, and then also became

the airline

stopover manager for the Cape Juby airfield in the Spanish zone of

South Morocco, in the

Sahara dert. His duties included negotiating the safe relea of

downed fliers taken hostage by hostile Moors, a perilous task which

earned him his first Légion d'honneur from

the French Government.

In 1929, Saint-Exupéry was transferred to Argentina, where he was

appointed director of the

Aeroposta Argentina airline. He surveyed new air routes across South

America, negotiated agreements, and even occasionally flew the airmail

as well as arch missions looking for downed fliers. This period of his

life is briefly explored in Wings of Courage, an IMAX film by

[16]French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.

Writing career

Saint-Exupéry's first novella, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was

published in a short-lived literary

[19]magazine (). In 1929, his first book, le Navire d'argentThe

Silver ShipCourrier Sud

(Southern Mail) was published; his career as an aviator and

journalist was about to burgeon. That same year, Saint-Exupéry flew the

Casablanca—Dakar route.

The 1931 publication of Vol de nuit (Night Flight) established

Saint-Exupéry as a rising star in

the literary world. It was the first of his major works to gain

widespread acclaim and won the prix Femina. The novel mirrored his

experiences as a mail pilot and director of the Aeroposta

[20]Argentina airline, bad in Argentina.

That same year, at Gras, Saint-Exupéry married Consuelo Suncin

(née Suncín Sandoval), a

twice-widowed Salvadoran writer and artist, who possd a bohemian

spirit and a "viper's tongue". Saint-Exupéry, thoroughly enchanted by

the diminutive woman, would leave and then return to her many times —

she was both his mu and, over the long term, the source

[21]of much of his angst. It was a stormy union, with Saint-Exupéry

travelling frequently and

indulging in numerous affairs, most notably with the Frenchwoman

Hélène de Vogüé

(1908–2003), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame de B." in

Saint-Exupéry

[22][Note 5]biographies. De Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's literary

executrix after his death, and

also wrote her own Saint-Exupéry biography under a pudonym, Pierre

Chevrier.

Dert crash

On 30 December 1935, at 02:, after 19 hours and 44 minutes in

the air, Saint-Exupéry,

[25]along with his mechanic-navigator André Prévot, crashed in the

Sahara dert. They were

attempting to break the speed record in a Paris-to-Saigon air race

(called a raid) and win a

[26][Note 6]prize of 150,000 francs. The crash site is thought to

have been near the Wadi Natrun

[27]valley, clo to the Nile Delta.

Both Saint-Exupéry and Prévot miraculously survived the crash, only

to face rapid dehydration in the inten dert heat. Their maps were

primitive and ambiguous, leaving them with no idea of their location.

Lost among the sand dunes, their sole supplies were grapes, two oranges,

a thermos of sweet coffee, chocolate, a handful of crackers, and a small

[28]ration of wine. The pair had only one day's worth of liquid.

They both began to e

mirages and experience auditory hallucinations, which were quickly

followed by more vivid hallucinations. By the cond and third day, they

were so dehydrated that they stopped sweating altogether. Finally, on

the fourth day, a Bedouin on a camel discovered them and

[26]administered a native rehydration treatment that saved their

lives. The near brush with

death would figure prominently in his 1939 memoir, Wind, Sand and

Stars, winner of veral

awards. Saint-Exupéry's classic novella The Little Prince, which

begins with a pilot being

marooned in the dert, is, in part, a reference to this experience.

American and Canadian sojourn and The Little Prince

Main article: The Little Prince

Two editions of The Little Prince(lower left and upper right,

artwork not shown) on display at the Saint-Exupéry exhibit at the Air

and Space Muum in Paris, France. Also, upper left: Lettre

(Letter to a Hostage), and bottom right: Pilote de guerre (English

version: Flight to à un otage

). Arras

Saint-Exupéry continued to write until the spring of 1943, when he

left the United States with American troops bound for North Africa in

World War II. During the war, he initially flew a Bloch MB.174 with the

GR II/33 reconnaissance squadron of the Armée de l'Air. After

France's 1940 armistice with Germany, he voyaged to North America,

escaping through

Portugal and arriving in New York on the last day of 1940 with the

intention of convincing

[29]the U.S. to enter the conflict against Nazi Germany quickly. On

14 January 1941, at a Hotel

Astor author luncheon attended by approximately 1,500, he belatedly

received his National

Book Award for Wind, Sand and Stars, won a year earlier while he was

occupied witnessing

[30]thedestruction of the French Army. Consuelo followed him to New

York veral months later after a chaotic migration to the southern

French town of Oppède, where she lived in an

artist's commune, the basis of her autobiography, Kingdom of the

Rocks: Memories of

[31][32]. Oppède

Between January 1941 and April 1943, the Saint-Exupérys lived in New

York City's Central

[33]Park South in twin penthou apartments, as well as The Bevin

Hou mansion in

[34]Asharoken on Long Island, New York and a townhou on Beekman

Place inManhattan.

Some rearchers have implied that during his stay in the United

States, Saint-Exupéry

became intimate with Anne Morrow Lindbergh, wife of the famous

American aviator Charles

Lindbergh. Ironically, while his intention was to convince the U.S.

Government of the need to

fight fascism, both Anne and her husband Charles were strongly

advocating against American intervention in the European war. Anne wrote

a 41-page booklet, The Wave of the

, in support of her husband, who was lobbying for a U.S.–German

peace treaty similar Future

to Stalin's treaty with Hitler. The Roovelt administration

subquently attacked The Wave

as "the bible of every American Nazi, Fascist, Bundist and Appear",

and the of the Future

[35]booklet became one of the most despid writings of the period.

With further irony, Saint-Exupéry and Charles Lindbergh both became

P-38 pilots during

[36]World War II, with a disgraced Lindbergh fighting

surreptitiously in thePacific War, and

[37]with Saint-Exupéry fighting and dying very publicly over the

Mediterranean.

It was after Saint-Exupéry's arrival in the United States that the

author adopted the hyphen

[3]within his surname, as he was annoyed with Americans addressing

him as "Mr. Exupéry". It

was also during this period that he authored Pilote de guerre

(Flight to Arras, which earned )

widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage(Letter to a Hostage),

dedicated to the 40 million

French living under Nazi oppression, plus numerous shorter pieces in

support of France. The Saint-Exupérys also resided in Quebec City,

Canada for veral weeks during the late spring

of 1942, during which time they met a precocious eight-year-old boy

with blond curly hair, Thomas, the son of philosopher Charles De Koninck,

with whom the Saint-Exupérys

[38][39][Note 7]resided.

After he returned from his stay in Quebec, which had been wrought

with illness and stress, the French wife of one of his publishers helped

convince Saint-Exupéry to produce a

[40]children's book, hoping to calm his nerves and also compete with

the new ries of Mary

stories by P. L. Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and illustrated The

Little Prince in New Poppins

York City and the villiage of Asharoken in mid-to-late 1942, with

the manuscript being

[38]completed in would be first published months later in

early 1943 in both English and French, but only in the United States,

and would later appear in his native homeland posthumously, after the

liberation of France