羊泉村

2023年12月31日發(作者：速寫人物簡單)

羊泉村

西班牙民族戲劇家費力克斯·洛卜·德·維加·卡爾皮奧所著。 《羊泉村》(1609-1613)是維加最成功的作品之一，描敘1476年羊泉村人民反抗領主的史實。劇中寫卡拉特拉瓦騎士團隊長費爾南·戈麥斯在駐地羊泉村企圖污辱當地村長的女兒勞倫夏，勞倫夏被青年農民弗隆多索救出。隨后費爾南又破壞這對青年的婚禮，劫走新娘，要把弗隆多索絞死。勞倫夏逃回村中，呼吁鄉親起來抗暴。全村人民起義，攻占城堡，殺死了費爾南。事后，國王赦免全村人民，把羊泉村收歸自己管轄。 劇本取材于15世紀西班牙一次農民起義。騎士團軍官費爾南·戈梅斯是個暴虐好色的貴族領主，在領地上經常欺壓百姓，糟踐民女，激起公憤，村民們拿起武器，殺死了費爾南。國王派法官來到羊泉村辦案，用刑逼供，問是誰殺死了領主，村民眾口一詞回答：“羊泉村?！眹跫毤涌疾欤私獾劫M爾南不僅在村里作惡多端，而且背叛國家，想投靠葡萄牙，于是赦免全體村民，并將羊泉村歸國王直接管轄。 這部作品的主題是反抗暴政，歌頌君主政治，要求正義、忠誠和秩序。次要主題是忠貞的愛情和榮譽。作者筆下的平民具有高尚的道德情操，國王則是人民的保護者。劇中對話均為詩體，生動而機智，情節簡潔，沖突有力，懸念扣人心弦。這部劇體現了西班牙黃金世紀戲劇文化的最高水平。

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Fuenteovejuna

Fuenteovejuna is a play by the Spanish playwright, Lope de Vega. First published in Madrid in

1619 as part of Docena Parte de las Comedias de Lope de Vega Carpio (Volume 12 of the

Collected plays of Lope de Vega Carpio),[1] the play is believed to have been written between

1612 and 1614.[2] The play is bad upon an actual historical incident that took place in the

village of Fuenteovejuna (now called Fuente Obejuna) in Castile in 1476.[1] While under the

command of the Order of Calatrava, a commander, Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, mistreated the

villagers, who banded together and killed him. When a magistrate nt by King Ferdinand II of

Aragon arrived at the village to investigate, the villagers, even under the pain of torture,

responded only by saying "Fuenteovejuna did it."

Background

Rapid change took place in Spain in the almost 150 years from the original events at

Fuenteovejuna in 1476 to the publishing of Lope's play in 1614. In that time, Spain had united

under the Habsburgs and become a world super-power with the discovery of the New World. At

the time of Lope's writing, Spain was still in the midst of a Golden Age, a renaissance in the arts

and academics.

The cross of the Order of 1469, ven years before the events at Fuenteovejuna,

Princess Isabella I of Castile married Prince Ferdinand II of Aragon. With their marriage, the two

major kingdoms of Spain, Castile and Aragon, were joined. This marriage would later ensure the

successful completion of the Christian Reconquista of Spain from the Muslim Moors. When

Isabella ascended the throne upon the death of her half-brother, Enrique IV, in 1474, Alfonso V of

Portugal crosd into Spain in order to cure the throne for Juana, Princess of Castile, the

daughter of Enrique. At the Battle of Toro, two years later, Isabella and Ferdinand's forces

defeated the forces of Juana and Alfonso.

The same year, Ciudad Real was attacked by knights of the Order of Calatrava under the

leadership of its Grand Master, 34-year old Rodrigo Téllez Girón, who supported the claims to the

throne by Alfonso and Juana. The city was of strategic importance due to its location near the

border of Castile. It was during this invasion that Commander Guzmán was killed by the villagers

of Fuenteovejuna after he treated them poorly. After no single guilty party was found, Ferdinand

pardoned the villagers from Fuenteovejuna.[3]

Synopsis

The first act opens in the home of the Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava, Rodrigo Téllez

Girón. Here, a commander of the order, Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, urges his superior to ize the

town of Ciudad Real in the name of Juana and Alfonso of Portugal. Girón decides to capture the

city. The village and villagers of Fuenteovejuna are introduced and speak of love. The Commander

enters and attempts to take two of the women, Laurencia and Pascuala, back to his castle, but

they resist and escape. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella discuss the capture of Ciudad Real and

vow to retake it. Later, two of the lovers, Laurencia and Frondoso meet in the forest. When the

Commander approaches, Frondoso hides and watches as the Commander attempts to force

himlf on Laurencia. As the Commander has put down his crossbow, Frondoso steps out and

takes it. As Laurencia escapes his grasp, Frondoso points the crossbow at the Commander, but

does not threaten him, leaving with only the crossbow as the Commander curs both of them.

Act II begins in the village with a discussion among the peasants that is interrupted by the

entrance of the Commander. He demands Esteban, Laurencia's father, to allow him to have her

but he refus and the Commander takes this as an insult. A soldier enters and begs the

Commander to return to Ciudad Real (Royal City) which has just been surrounded by the forces of

Ferdinand and Isabella. After the exit of the Commander, Laurencia and Pascuala run on with one

of the peasants, Mengo. They are met by another peasant girl, Jacinta, who is being pursued by

the Commander's rvants. When Mengo protects her, they are both ized by the Commander's

lackeys who will whip Mengo while Jacinta is raped by the Commander and then given to his men.

Shortly afterwards, Esteban agrees to allow Laurencia and Frondoso to marry. The wedding

proceeds but is interrupted by the Commander who arrests Frondoso, for his threat with the

crossbow, as well as Esteban and Laurencia who protest his arrest.

The third act opens with the men of the village meeting to decide how to handle the situation.

Laurencia, having been beaten and subject to attempted Droit du igneur (though she beats off

her attackers and escapes) enters, but is not immediately recognized. She reprimands the men for

not attempting to rescue her, inspiring the men to kill the Commander. While preparations are

being made to hang Frondoso, the band of villagers enters and kills the Commander and one of

his rvants. Flores, the surviving rvant, escapes and rushes to Ferdinand and Isabella to tell

what has happened. The shocked rulers order a magistrate to the village to investigate. The

villagers, celebrating with the head of the Commander, are told of the magistrate's approach. In

order to save themlves, the villagers say "Fuenteovejuna did it". The magistrate proceeds to

torture men, women and young boys on the rack but gives up after not receiving a satisfactory

answer. Ferdinand and Isabella pardon the Grand Master and when the villagers enter and tell

their story, they are pardoned as well.[4]