法律英語(yǔ)單詞(自己整理的)

2023年12月28日發(fā)(作者：我眼中的項(xiàng)羽)

僅供參考！歡迎參與詞條建設(shè)！

Book 1, unit 1

Reading: Bodies of law

common law

civil law

criminal law

codify

code

disputes

Types of law

bill

regulation

ordinance

directive

statutes

provision

article

chapter

clau

習(xí)慣法,普通法，判例法 bad on customs

成文法，大陸法，民法

刑法 deal with crimes

編纂

法典

爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，糾紛

議案；法案.a formal statement of a propod new law that is

discusd and then voted on

規(guī)章 carry out the intent of the law

（地方）條例 enacted by a town,city or country government

指令 （如：歐盟指令） establish policies

成文法 formal written law

規(guī)章、條例

Speaking1 : Explaining what a

law says

stipulate

provide

specify

Types of courts

appellate court

crown court

high court

supreme court

juvenile court

lower court

magistrates' court

moot court

small-claims court

tribunal

規(guī)定

語(yǔ)氣弱于stipulates

明確規(guī)定

受理上訴法院 review cas heard in a lower court

刑事法庭 hear rious criminal cas

高等法院 the highest court in a jurisdiction

最高法院

青少年法庭 try a person under the age of 18

下級(jí)法庭 hear a ca for the first time

地方法院，地方治安法庭 small crimes are tried in the UK

模擬法庭 students argue hypothetical cas

小額補(bǔ)償訴訟法院 limit amount of money

特別法庭，專門法庭 legal problems of a particular type

專家證人 a person who has specialid knowledge of a

particular subject

Speaking2: Civil court systems

expert witness

appellant

advocate

affidavit

injunction

writ

pleading

client

Book 1,Unit 2

上訴人 appeals a decision to a higher court

訴訟律師 plead cas in court

法庭宣誓, 口供 swear officially to tell the truth

禁令 stop sb doing something

傳票 involved sb in a legal process

訴訟；訴訟文件 t forth the cau of action

訴訟當(dāng)事人， 委托人

Listening: Documents in court

Reading: Legaleducation - a

call to the Bar

the Bar

1.大律師職業(yè)（可出席高等法庭）（尤指資格）the profession of

barrister 2.律師職業(yè) the profession of any kind of lawyer

取消（某人）的律師資格 to stop a lawyer from working in the

legal profession,especially becau he or she has done sth

illegal

Legum Baccalaureus法學(xué)學(xué)士

職業(yè)的，職業(yè)技術(shù)的

大律師，出庭律師，辯護(hù)律師(在英國(guó)有資格出席上級(jí)法庭進(jìn)行辯護(hù)) a lawyer in Britain who has the right to argue cas in

the higher courts of law

律師學(xué)院（尤指英國(guó)倫敦四個(gè)培養(yǎng)律師的組織）(in England) the

four private unincorporated societies in London that

function as a law school and have the exclusive privilege of

calling candidates to the English are Lincoln's

Inn,Inner Temple,Middle 's Inn

法律職業(yè)課程

獲得律師資格 allowed to work as a qualified barrister

1.大律師見(jiàn)習(xí)期 a period during which a lawyer trains to

become a barrister by studying with a qualified barrir 2.大律師實(shí)習(xí)制度 3.學(xué)生時(shí)期（尤指接受某人教育） a period

during which you are a student,especially when you are being

taught by a particular person

1.學(xué)徒期 a period of time working as an apprentice 2.學(xué)徒工作 a job as an apprentice

大律師事務(wù)所

1.事務(wù)律師，訴狀律師（代擬法律文書、提供法律咨詢等的一般辯護(hù)律師）a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example

for the sale of land or buildings,advis people on legal

matters,and can speak for them in some courts of law 2.推銷員 a person who job is to visit or telephone people and

disbar

LLB

vocational

barrister

Inns of Court

Bar Vocational Cour

call to the bar

pupillage

apprenticeship

barristers' chambers

solicitor

try to ll them sth 3.(城鎮(zhèn)或政府部門負(fù)責(zé)法律事務(wù)的)法務(wù)官 the most nior legal officer of a city,town or

government department

Legal Practice Cour(LPC)

trainee solicitor

law school

法律實(shí)踐課程

實(shí)習(xí)律師

法學(xué)院

法律博士（美）基礎(chǔ)的法律學(xué)位，專供非法學(xué)畢業(yè)的本科畢業(yè)生修讀，畢業(yè)生可以申請(qǐng)入讀專業(yè)法律證書（.）以圖取得香港律師資格，香港中文大學(xué)和香港城市大學(xué)均設(shè)有此課程，2009年起香港大學(xué)亦開辦此課程。

律師資格考試 in the USA,an important test taken by

law-school graduates which,when pasd,qualifies a person to

practi law

1.聯(lián)絡(luò)；聯(lián)系 a relationship between two organizations or

different departments in an organization,involving the

exchange of information or ideas 2.聯(lián)絡(luò)員；聯(lián)系人

1.法律顧問(wèn)；律師 a lawyer or group of lawyers reprenting

sb in court 2.勸告，建議 advice,especially given by older

people or experts

合伙人，同事，朋友 2.準(zhǔn)會(huì)員 adj.合伙的，共事的，有關(guān)連的

（法律）無(wú)限責(zé)任合伙人

n.法律事務(wù)助理 adj.輔助律師業(yè)務(wù)的

n.不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)

（法律）受薪合伙人

n.訴訟；打官司the process of making or defending a claim in

a court of law

n.從業(yè)人員（尤指醫(yī)學(xué)或法律界的）a person who works in a

profession;n習(xí)藝者，專門人才a person who regularly does a

particular activity,especially one that requires skill

n.交易，業(yè)務(wù)，買賣a piece of business that is done between

people,especially an act of buying or lling ; n.辦理，處理the process of doing sth

商標(biāo)a name,symbol or design that a company us for its

products and that cannot be ud by anyone el;n.特征，標(biāo)記a special way of behaving or dressing that is typical of

ab and that makes them easily recognized

侵犯權(quán)益to limit ab's legal rightsn.觸犯法規(guī)to break a law

or rule ;

n.房東，地主a man from whom you rent a room,a hou,etc;n.店主，老板a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest hou

n.房客，租戶，佃戶a person who pays rent for the u of a

juris doctor(J.D)

bar examination

liaison

counl

Listening

Associate

Full Partner

Paralegal

Real Property

Salaried Partner

litigation

practitioner

transaction

trade-mark

infringement

landlord

tenant

room,building,land etc;v.（作為租賃者）居住，工作to live or

work in a place as a tenant

Language Focus

barrister

attorney

in-hou counl

solicitor

corporate lawyer

defence laywer

government lawyer

patent lawyer

tax lawyer

trial lawyer

Unit 3

Reading: Introduction to

constitutional law

US Constitution

出庭律師a lawyerwho is admitted to plead at the bar and argue

cas in superior courts.

1.代理人,法律事務(wù)代理人 a legal agent 2. 律師 a lawyer

法律顧問(wèn) lawyer suppling advices for corparaton

1.事務(wù)律師(英）lawyer who consults with clients and prepare

documents but is not heard in High Court2.(美)首席法務(wù)官main legal officel of the government

法務(wù)Setting up a business venture for the company

辯護(hù)律師 a lawyer of a defendant

政府律師 lawyer work for government

專利律師 a lawyer who drafts and procutes patent

applications and reprents inventors in infringement suits

and interference hearings

稅務(wù)律師 lawyer helping with tax issues

出庭辯護(hù)律師 defence for the defendant on the court

美國(guó)憲法

1.（報(bào)紙、雜志的）文章a piece of writing；2.物品；物件object;3.正品；真貨the genuine article;4.(契約、文件的)條款、條文、項(xiàng)目a ction of a formal agreement or document;5.見(jiàn)習(xí)契約Someone who is in articles is being trained as a lawyer

or accountant by a firm with whom they have a written

agreement;6.冠詞

1.(法令或法規(guī)的)修正條款，修正案a ction that is added to

a law or rule in order to change it;2.修改，修訂a change is

made to a piece of writing.

權(quán)利法案

司法審查、復(fù)審review by a court of law of actions of a

government official or entity or of so me other legally

appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court

of the decision of a trial court

正當(dāng)程序，正當(dāng)法律程序,法定訴訟程序the administration of

justice according to establish rules and principles

政權(quán)分離

（中央及地方的）分權(quán)

（政府機(jī)關(guān)彼此之間的）相互制衡

article

amendment

bill of rights

judicial review

due process

paration of powers

division of powers

checks and balances

limited government 有限政府

1.來(lái)源；產(chǎn)地；2.尋找（產(chǎn)品或貨源的）貨源；3.消息來(lái)源；消息人士；（論文中引文的）出處、原始資料 a person or book that

provides information for a news story or for a piece of

rearch.4.(困難的)根源、原因 a difficulty's cau.5.（河流的）源頭

前例、先例 If there is a precedent for an action or event,

it has happended before, and this can be regarded as an

argument for doing it again

1.重要問(wèn)題；議題；爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題 an important subject;2.首要事項(xiàng)；要點(diǎn)；問(wèn)題的要害；3.（報(bào)刊的）期，號(hào)，版次the version

of magazine or newspaper;4.發(fā)表，發(fā)布。make a statement or

a warning known formally or publicly;5.向...頒發(fā)；（正式）發(fā)給；6.（液體聲音氣味）流出、發(fā)出、冒出issues from=comes

out of 7.爭(zhēng)論中的，討論中的at issus=being argued about;8.使...引起關(guān)注；在...上跳起爭(zhēng)論make an issue of something;9.不同意；對(duì)...持爭(zhēng)議take issue with someone or

something=disagree with them;10.在...方面有困難have issues

with=have problems connected with

州憲法

平凡的人

source

precedent

issue

state constitution

mundane subjects

Key terms:Principles of the

constitutional law（BY 陳寧怡2012301180）

1.分權(quán)。即將政府機(jī)構(gòu)一分為三：立法、行政和司法。每一個(gè)分支都有特定的職責(zé)范圍，任何其他分支不得侵犯。 2.分權(quán)與制衡原則。美國(guó)憲法所確立的一項(xiàng)原則。依布蘭迪斯（Brandeis）大法官所言，這一原則在1787年制憲會(huì)議上采納，其目的不在于提高政府效率，而在于保護(hù)人民免受暴政或獨(dú)裁專制之苦。

<美>（聯(lián)邦憲法規(guī)定的聯(lián)邦和州之間的政府權(quán)力劃分）；分權(quán)

制衡原則；制約與平衡原則。之每一政府部門皆具有對(duì)抗其他任何部門行為的能力，從而不致出現(xiàn)任何單一部門操縱整個(gè)政府的權(quán)力和職能的理論。如在美國(guó)，行政部門可通過(guò)行使否決權(quán)[veto

power]制約立法機(jī)關(guān)；而只要達(dá)到充分多數(shù)，立法機(jī)關(guān)則可推翻任一否決。

有限政府

Company Law

法律實(shí)體

法人Legal persons are of two kinds: natural persons –

people – and juridical persons– groups of people, such as

corporations, which are treated by law as if they were

persons. While people acquire legal personhood when they are

paration of powers

division of powers

checks and balances

limited government

Unit 4

legal entity

legal person

born, judicial persons do so when they are incorporated in

accordance with law.

法律責(zé)任 The legal bound obligation to pay law, a

person is legally liable when they are financially and

legally responsible for something..

公司屏障(保護(hù)持股人免受獨(dú)家業(yè)主造成的企業(yè)破產(chǎn)所帶來(lái)的損失) Its purpo lies in the fact that under the special

circumstance of law, the creditor can investigate control

shareholder's legal liabilities through the“corporate veil”to make creditor gain more forceful protection.

公司注冊(cè)證書[登記執(zhí)照]，a signed statement by the Registrar

of Companies that a company is duly incorporated

董事會(huì)A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed

members who jointly overe the activities of a company or

organization. Other names include board of governors, board

of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board

of visitors. It is often simply referred to as "the board".

公司章程A legal document tting up a corporation — either

with or without limited liability — and including the

company's name, purpo, and duration.

謹(jǐn)慎責(zé)任a requirement that a person act toward others and

the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and

prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would.

If a person's actions do not meet this standard of care, then

the acts are considered negligent, and any damages resulting

may be claimed in a lawsuit for negligence.

成立公司 Company formation is the term for the process of

incorporation of a business in the UK. It is also sometimes

referred to as company registration. The terms are both

also ud when incorporating a business in the Republic of

Ireland. Under UK company law and most international law a

company or corporation is considered to be an entity that is

parate from the people who own or operate the company.

獎(jiǎng)金 A premium paid in addition to what is due or expected

清償； 結(jié)算； 清算；1. The act of determining by agreement

or by litigation the exact amount of something (as a debt or

damages) that before was uncertain. 2. The act of ttling

a debt by payment or other satisfaction. 3. The act or process

personal liability

corporate veil

certificate of incorporation

board of directors

memorandum of association

duty of care

company formation

bonus

liquidation

of converting asts into cash, esp. to ttle debts.

legal entity 法律實(shí)體

公司注冊(cè)證[登記執(zhí)照]，法人認(rèn)可證，公司章程;

A certificate of incorporation is a legal document relating

certificate of incorporation to the formation of a company or corporation. It is a licen

to form a corporation issued by state government. Its preci

meaning depends upon the legal system in which it is ud.

法定形式

As for the application materials that are complete and

consistent with the statutory forms or that have been

supplemented by the applicant in light of the relevant

requirements, it shall acceptthem.

公司章程，公會(huì)規(guī)約; The memorandum of association of a

company, often simply called the memorandum (and then often

capitalid as an abbreviation for the official name, which

is a proper noun and usually includes other words), is the

document that governs the relationship between the company

and the outside. It is one of the documents required to

incorporate a company in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India,

Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and is also ud in many

of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth.

法定資本，額定資本，認(rèn)可資本;

名義資本

The par value of shares of stock a corporation has issued.

公司章程[執(zhí)照];

In corporate governance, a company's articles of association

is a document which, along with the memorandum of association

form the company's constitution, defines the

responsibilities of the directors, the kind of business to

be undertaken, and the means by which the shareholders exert

control over the board of directors.

內(nèi)部規(guī)章制度，次要法規(guī)，（社、團(tuán)制定的）規(guī)章制度;

The official rules and regulations which govern a

corporation's management. Drawn up at the time of

incorporation, along with the charter.

statutory form

memorandum of association

authorized capital

nominal capital

articles of association

bylaw

特別大會(huì)

An extraordinary general meeting, commonly abbreviated as

EGM, is a meeting of members of an organisation, shareholders

extraordinary gengral meeting

of a company, or employees of an official body, which occurs

at an irregular time. The term is usually ud where the group

would ordinarily hold an annual general meeting (AGM), but

where an issue aris which requires the input of the entire

membership and is too rious or urgent to wait until the next

AGM. Members and/or shareholders must be informed of the

purpo of the EGM so that they may attend in a position where

they can discuss and exerci intelligent judgment,

otherwi any resolutions pasd are invalid.

年度（股東）大會(huì)，周年股東大會(huì)An annual general meeting

(commonly abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual

meeting) is a meeting that official bodies, and associations

involving the general public (including companies with

shareholders), are often required by law (or the

constitution, charter, by-laws etc. governing the body) to

annual general meeting (AGM) hold. An AGM is held every year to elect the board of directors

and inform their members of previous and future activities.

It is an opportunity for the shareholders and partners to

receive copies of the company's accounts as well as reviewing

fiscal information for the past year and asking any questions

regarding the directions the business will take in the

future.

董事會(huì)

A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members

who jointly overe the activities of a company or

organization.

注意義務(wù)

誠(chéng)信義務(wù)

利益沖突

資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

損益類賬戶

紅股，或bonus share

資本化發(fā)行

清算

審計(jì)員

董事；經(jīng)理 指揮公司業(yè)務(wù)，構(gòu)成董事會(huì)，為公司決策機(jī)構(gòu)board

of directors 主管；指導(dǎo)者；管理者 officer

n.清算人；清算事務(wù)管理人，亦稱receiver

總經(jīng)理，常務(wù)董事 someone who controls resources and

expenditures

①促進(jìn)者；倡導(dǎo)者；推動(dòng)者 ②（公司等的）發(fā)起人，創(chuàng)辦人 ③推銷商 ④（議案的）提出者，提案人 ⑤（古）刑事訴訟告發(fā)人

⑥（英）教會(huì)案件的上訴人

代理人；代表，尤用于公司法中

委托書

授權(quán) 授權(quán)委托書；代理board of director

duty of care

fiduciary duty

conflict of interest

balance sheet

profit-and-loss account

bonus issue

capitalisation issue

liquidation

auditor

director

liquidator

managing director

promote

proxy

receiver

shareholder

UNIT 7

①涉訟財(cái)產(chǎn)管理人 ②破產(chǎn)財(cái)產(chǎn)管理人 ③<英>接受贓物者 ④<英>精神錯(cuò)亂的看管人

n.股東；股票持有人 share:股份 份額

CONTRACT LAW:Contract Formation

n.提前到期，加速到期Clau in a contract requiring the

obligor to pay all or a part of a payable amount sooner than

as agreed upon the occurrence of some event or

circumstance stated in the contract, usually failure to make

payment.

提前收益，提前批準(zhǔn)

n.(財(cái)產(chǎn)的)轉(zhuǎn)讓，讓與Clau prohibiting or permitting

assignment under certain conditions.

n.讓與證書、委托證書 n.(轉(zhuǎn)讓的)財(cái)產(chǎn)、權(quán)力等 v.轉(zhuǎn)讓

n.保密條款，機(jī)密，機(jī)密性Clau concerning the treating of

information as private and not for distribution beyond

specifically identified individuals or organizations, nor ud

other than for specifically identified purpos.

n.可以信賴的品質(zhì)，受到信任的能力

n.對(duì)價(jià)，約因Clau expressing the cau, motive, price or

impelling motive which induces one party to enter into an

agreement.

n.考慮，體貼

n.不可抗力Clau designed to protect against failures to

perform contractual obligations caud by unavoidable

events beyond the party’s control, such as natural disasters

or wars.

n.約定違約金，約定違約賠償金Clau referring to an

amount predetermined by the parties as the total amount of

compensation a non-breaching party should receive if the

other party breaches a part of the contract.

n.完整條款Clau stating that the written terms of an

agreement may not be varied by prior or oral agreements

becau all such agreements have been consolidated into

the written document.

n.（合同的）可分性Clau providing that, in the event that

one or more provisions of the agreement are declared

unenforceable, the balance of the agreement remains in

force.

n.

結(jié)束

結(jié)局

終點(diǎn)Clau outlining when and under which

circumstances the contract may be determined.

n.訴訟費(fèi)的繳納Clau tting out which party is responsible

for payment of costs related to the preparation of the

agreement and ancillary documents.

acceleration

assignment

confidentiality

consideration

Force Majeure

Liquidated Damages

Entire Agreement

verability

Termination

Payment of Costs

Express contract

n.明示合同，明約A contract who clau is t clearly by

both parties orally or in written form.

n.默認(rèn)契約A contract which is t according to the behavior

of two parties and the environment during the formation of

the contract, although there was no obvious words

prented.

Implied contract

Statute of fraud

Real property

formation

Third-party beneficiary

contracts

Assignment of rights

Delegation of duties

delegate

assignee

Illegality of the subject

matter

該法由諾丁漢n.防止欺詐法英國(guó)1677年通過(guò)的一部制定法。勛爵制定，原名為《Act of the prevention of Frauds and

Perjuries》，立法宗旨是在證據(jù)不發(fā)達(dá)的時(shí)代，當(dāng)事人又無(wú)法提供合適證人的情況下，減少合同欺詐。

n.不動(dòng)產(chǎn)Property consisting of land or buildings.

n.訂立，形成The action of forming or process of forming of

a contract

n.第三人受益合同A contract in which the person who get the

benefit or compensation is another person rather than either

part

n.權(quán)力的轉(zhuǎn)讓A clau which regulates the change of the

owner of a particular right

n.責(zé)任的委托To give certain duty or obligation to someone

el other than two parties of the contract.

n.代表A person nt or authorized to reprent .委任，托付

n.代理人，受托人A person to whom a right or liability is

legally transferred or a person appointed to act for another.

n.標(biāo)的物的違法性When either the subject the

sale of illegal drugs) or the consideration of a contract is

illegal

n.性的欺詐When one party is intentionally misled

about the terms, quality or other aspect of the contractual

relationship that leads the party to enter into the

transaction.

n.威脅，逼迫When one party induces another into entering

into a contact by u or threat of force, violence,

economic pressure or other similar means.

n.法定能力的缺乏When one party does not have the ability

to enter into a legal contract, i.e. is not of legal age, is

insane or is a convict or enemy alien.

可實(shí)施的 something can be enforced

1、當(dāng)事人one who takes part in a transaction 2、政黨，黨派one by or against whom a lawsuit is brought

Fraud in the inducement

duress

Lack of legal capacity

Reading:Introduction to

contract formation

enforceable

party

offeror

accept

offeree

consideration

要約人one who makes an offer

接受，承接agree to take something offered to you

受約人one to whom an offer is made

1、考量something motivates a person to do something 2、支持be adequate to support the bargained-for exchange

between the parties

1、贈(zèng)與物the voluntary transfer or property to another

without compensation 2、多次轉(zhuǎn)讓物a thing so transferred

捐贈(zèng)物a gift to charity 2、捐贈(zèng)行為a method of acquiring 1、benefice by deed of gift alone

反要約put forward disagreement to the offer

1、（合同中）拒絕簽約a refusal to accept a contrctual offer

2、拒收a refusal to accept tendered goods as contractal

performance

u be equal to fundamental term

合同必備條款a contractual provision that must be included for a

contract to exit and to avoid fraud

價(jià)格，價(jià)錢the cost at which something is bought or sold

標(biāo)的物the thing in a contract,which the duty or right has

been asrted

模糊的，不明確的not exact or clear

1.談判；洽談；協(xié)商；議定 talk about a prlblem or a situation

such as a business arrangement in order to solve the

prlblem or complete the arrangement 2.通過(guò)談判（或協(xié)商）達(dá)成 3.轉(zhuǎn)讓；兌現(xiàn)；議付

1.要約；出價(jià)

指買方向賣方提出的價(jià)格，尤其是拍賣或招標(biāo)中投標(biāo)人報(bào)出的價(jià)格。賣方的要約為“offer”；買方的要約為“bid”。An

offer to pay a particular amount of money for something

that is being sold.2.投標(biāo)

指人們就按特定價(jià)格履行工程合同、勞動(dòng)合同或提供原材料及貨物合同所發(fā)出的要約。公共合同[public contract]一般就從所提出的、相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的多個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)中選擇中標(biāo)者。

招標(biāo)階段

委托人

聘請(qǐng)或雇傭律師、會(huì)計(jì)師、建筑師等專業(yè)人士，以獲取專業(yè)建議和幫助的個(gè)人或團(tuán)體 a client of a professional person

or organization is a person or company that receives a

rvice from them in return for payment

協(xié)議；協(xié)定

指兩人或多人就其與過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)實(shí)施行為相關(guān)的權(quán)利gift

donation

counter offer

rejection

esntial term

price

subject matter

indefinite

Speaking:Negotiating

expressions

negotiate

bid

bidding pha

client

Writing:An informative

memo

agreement

和義務(wù)等內(nèi)容而形成的雙方合意[mutual asnt]。該詞既可用于指無(wú)對(duì)價(jià)的非正式協(xié)議，如君子協(xié)議等，也可用于指有對(duì)價(jià)支持的合法的正式協(xié)議，而合同[contract]一詞則僅用于指后者，故凡合同均為協(xié)議，但并非每一份協(xié)議均為合同 a formal decision

about future action that is made by two or more countries,

groups, or people

1.公民的選舉權(quán)the right to vote in an election 2.特許；特許權(quán)

政府授予個(gè)人或團(tuán)體的做某事的特權(quán)，而非公民普遍享有的權(quán)利 3.特許使用權(quán)；特許經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán) an authority that is given by

an organization to someone, allowing them to ll its

goods or rvices or to take part in an activity which the

organization controls 4.特許協(xié)議 5.特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人所經(jīng)營(yíng)的業(yè)務(wù)

1.蓋印合同；蓋印契約 2.合同；協(xié)議a formal written

agreement between two or more people or groups of

people which is recognized in law 3.違反蓋因合同請(qǐng)求賠償損失之訴 4.盟約；公約；條約；專約

合同；契約a legal agreement, usually between tow

companies or between an employer and employee, which

involves doing work for a stated sum of money

同意；贊同；答應(yīng)；允許；合意

指一個(gè)智力正常的人對(duì)他人的建議自愿作出理智的選擇，即同意的意思表示，并不存在脅迫、欺詐或錯(cuò)誤理解等情況 give someone permission to do it, agree

to do it or to allow it to be done

禁制令

法院簽發(fā)的要求當(dāng)事人做某事或某行為或者禁止其做某事或某行為的命令 a court order, usually one telling someone

not to do something

授權(quán)；許可；批準(zhǔn) if someone who has authority over you

gives you permission to do something, they say that they

will allow you to do it

1.撤走 2.從……取走 3.從銀行中提款take money out of a

bank account 4.從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或申請(qǐng)中退出 stop taking part in an

activity or organization

破壞；違犯；違反；不履行；侵害 if you breach an agreement,

a law, or a promi, you break it

合同一方當(dāng)事人未能履行合同條款、允諾或條件

未擔(dān)保的；無(wú)擔(dān)保的

1.修改；修訂；修正；改正if you amend something that has

been written such as a law, or something that is said, you

change it in order to improve it or make it more accurate

2.改進(jìn)；改善；改良

1.加入；（與他人）聯(lián)合 2.達(dá)成（協(xié)議）；結(jié)成（關(guān)系）

撤銷；解除；廢除 if a government or a group of people in

franchi

covenant

contract

connt

injunction

permission

withdraw

breach

breach of contract

unwarranted

amend

enter into

rescind

power rescind a law or agreement, they offically withdraw

it and state that it is no longer valid

terminate

renew

結(jié)束，終止 end completely

更新；續(xù)展；展期；延長(zhǎng)（執(zhí)照、合同的）有效期 when you renew

something such as a licence or a contract, you extend the

period of time for which ti ts valid

把……譯成密碼；加密 if a document or piece of information

is encrypted, it is written in a special code, so that only

certain people can read it

法令；規(guī)章；成文法 a rule or law which has been made by a

government or other organization and formally written

down

1.法定的 if an action or procedure is mandatory, people

have to do it, becau it is a rule or a law 2.（刑罰）強(qiáng)制性的 if a crime carries a mandatory punishment, that

punishment is fixed by law for all cas, in contrast to

crimes for which the judge or magistrate has to decide the

punishment for each particular ca

負(fù)有責(zé)任的 if you are accountable to someone for

something that you do, you are responsible for it and

must be prepared to justify your actions to that person

受托人 someone with legal control of money or property

that is kept or invested for another person, company, or

organization

1.掩飾物 you can refer to something that haids or partly

hides a situation or activity as a veil 2.面紗 a piece of thin

soft cloth

1.求助于（法律） if you invoke a law, you state that you are

taking a particular action becau that law allows or tells

you to 2.援引 if you invoke something such as a principle,

a saying, or a famous person, you refer to them in order to

support your argument

強(qiáng)制性的 if something is compulsory, you must do it or

accept it, becau it is the law or becau someone in a

position of authority says you must

不合法的if something is un lawful, the law does not allow

you to do it

模范刑法典（美國(guó)法律協(xié)會(huì)制定的一部示范性法律文件）

a statutory text which was developed by the American Law

Institute (ALI) in 1962. The Chief Reporter on the project

encrypt

Translation Skill

state

mandatory

accountable

trustee

veil

invoke

compulsory

unlawful

Book2 Unit 1

Model Penal Code(MPC)

was Herbert Wechsler

incarceration

felony

監(jiān)禁 the act or process of confining someone

重罪 a rious crime usu. Punishable by

imprisonment for more than one year

輕罪 a crime that is less rious than a felony

and is usu. punishable by fine,penalty,forfeiture

or confinement in a place other than prison(such

as a county jail)

misdemeanor

優(yōu)勢(shì)證據(jù) The greater weight of the evidence, not

necessarilyestablished by the greater number of

preponderance of the evidence

witness testifying to a fact but by evidence

that has the most convincing force.

strict-liability crime

嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的犯罪 a crime that does not require a

mens rea element,such as traffic offens and

illegal sales of intoxicating liquor

犯罪行為 【Law Latin "guilty act"】the wrongful

deed that compris the physical components of a

crime and that generally must be coupled with mens rea to

establish criminal ability

犯意 【Law Latin"guilty mind"】the state of mind

that the procution,to cure a conviction, must prove that

a defendant had when committing a crime

疏忽，遺漏 the neglect to perform what the law

requires

走路不遵守交通規(guī)則 walking across a street outside

of marked cross-walks and not at a corner and/or

against a signal light

小偷小摸 a theft of a small quantity of cash or of

low-value goods or rvices

警察圈套（誘捕） a law-enforcement officer's or

government agent's inducement of a person to

commit a crime, by means of fraud or undue persuasion,in an

attempt to later bring a criminal procution against that

person

對(duì)抗制 a legal system where two advocates reprent their

parties' positions before an impartial person or group of

people, usually a jury or judge, who attempt to determine the

truth of the ca

糾問(wèn)制

actus reus

mens rea

omission

jaywalking

petty theft

entrapment

adversarial system

inquisitorial system

Listening1 ,speaking and

writing

rebuttal

rebut /r??b?t/ v

to prove that a statement or a charge made against you

is fal

= refute

>rebuttal n [U and C] 辯駁，反駁

n.假釋，假釋期，假釋證

vt.假釋

adj.獲得假釋（者）的，假釋的permission for

someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promi

to behave well

on parole 假釋 un&v

1.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement

between two people or groups

She had stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation.

confrontation with/between

an ideological confrontation between conrvatives and

liberals

2.a fight or battle

military/violent/armed confrontation

Japan emed unlikely to risk military confrontation with

Russia. 此處取第一個(gè)意思，對(duì)質(zhì)

med?te?t?d US pr?-/ adj 預(yù)謀的

/pri??premeditated

a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done

deliberately

premeditated murder

permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that

they promi to behave well

on parole 假釋 un&v

1.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement

between two people or groups

She had stayed in her room to avoid another confrontation.

confrontation with/between

an ideological confrontation between conrvatives and

liberals

2.a fight or battle

military/violent/armed confrontation

Japan emed unlikely to risk military confrontation with

Russia. 此處取第一個(gè)意思，對(duì)質(zhì)

【SHOOT】 [T] formal 此處作shoot之義

to fire a gun or shoot an arrow etc

A soldier accidentally discharged his weapon.

/pri??med?te?t?d US pr?-/ adj 預(yù)謀的

a premeditated crime or attack is planned in advance and done

deliberately

parole

confrontation

parole

confrontation

discharge

premeditated

premeditated murder

Reading2:parties to a crime

有罪；應(yīng)受懲處（性）Blameworthiness；應(yīng)受譴責(zé)（性）；有責(zé)（性）除法定的嚴(yán)格責(zé)任的刑事案件外，行為人應(yīng)受刑事處罰還必須具備法律可能要求的蓄意、明知、放任或過(guò)失等主觀上的犯罪構(gòu)成要素 the quality of being in cas of

absolute liability, criminal culpability requires a showing

that the person acted purpoly, knowingly, recklessly, or

negligently with respect to each material element of the

offen.

a.1主要的，首要的，最重要的Chief; primary; most important；（地位、級(jí)別等）最高的2資本的；本金的；可生息的財(cái)產(chǎn)的

n.1首長(zhǎng)；負(fù)責(zé)人；首領(lǐng)；長(zhǎng)官；主管人2（中小學(xué)）校長(zhǎng)；（英）大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)3本金；資本；可生息的資本（或財(cái)產(chǎn)）；（股票、債券等的）票面價(jià)值4（代理關(guān)系中的）本人；委托人；被代理人One who

authorizes another to act on his or her behalf as an agent.5主債務(wù)人（=principal debtor）One who has primary

responsibility on an obligation, as oppod to a surety or

indorr6主犯 指實(shí)施犯罪行為或在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)幫助或者唆使他人實(shí)施犯罪行為的罪犯，與從犯（accessory）相對(duì)。One who commits or

participates in a crime7（在具結(jié)保釋中的）被保釋人 8 The

corpus of an estate or trust. [Cas: Trusts 1. C.J.S. Trover

and Conversion §§ 1–9, 14–18.] 9 The amount of a debt,

investment, or other fund, not including interest, earnings,

or profits.

n1、附屬物；從物 Something of condary or subordinate

importance.

.2、附件；零件 3從犯 幫助實(shí)施犯罪行為者。Criminal law. A

person who aids or contributes in the commission or

concealment of a crime. ?An accessory is usu. liable only if

the crime is a felony.從犯又分為事前從犯和事后從犯【accessory before the fact】和事后從犯【accessory after the

fact】在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)州一般只對(duì)重罪的從犯追究刑事責(zé)任。在英格蘭，以前只對(duì)重罪的從犯追究刑事責(zé)任。在英格蘭，以前只在重罪上對(duì)主犯和從犯有所區(qū)分，但在叛逆罪中，所有的參與者都是主犯。在輕罪中，在重罪中會(huì)是事前從犯的被視為主犯；在重罪中會(huì)是事后從犯的則不視為犯罪，除非有事實(shí)證明構(gòu)成了實(shí)質(zhì)上的犯罪。1967年《刑法》【criminal law act】頒布后，共同犯罪人一般只劃分為主犯和同謀犯。在蘇格蘭，主犯和從犯的區(qū)別，只在于主要參與與輔助參加之分，在刑事責(zé)任上沒(méi)有去別。

a. 附屬的，從屬的，附加的；同謀的

Accessory after the fact:事后從犯 即明知犯罪已經(jīng)實(shí)施，幫助犯罪人逃脫逮捕或懲罰者。在美國(guó)，根據(jù)的大多數(shù)州刑事法律的規(guī)Culpability

Principal

Accessory

Accessory after the fact

定，對(duì)于事后從犯作單獨(dú)處理，有4條要求：①他人已經(jīng)實(shí)施了重罪，而且必須在從犯實(shí)施之前已經(jīng)完成②從犯不能與主犯同罪③從犯必須親自幫助主犯以避免重罪處罰④從犯的幫助必須具有明知故意《模范刑法典》【Model Penal Code】認(rèn)為事后從犯其實(shí)不是共同犯罪人，按“妨礙審判罪”另行處理。有時(shí)縮寫為“accessory

after”

Execution

Conspiracy

Acquit

Convict

Listening2:

izure

curtail

formulate

suspicion

detention

n.處死刑，處決，死刑，執(zhí)行,行刑

n.共謀，串通

v.無(wú)罪釋放

n.罪犯

vt.宣告??有罪

n.扣押，搶奪

vt.剝奪??特權(quán)等，縮減

vt.制定

n.懷疑，嫌疑

vt.懷疑

n.拘押，羈押，扣押

exclude

intervene

warrant

disarm

custody

proposition

criminal trespass

vt.排除

vt.干涉，介入，調(diào)停

n.根據(jù)，證據(jù)，委任狀，正當(dāng)理由

vt.保證，擔(dān)保，批準(zhǔn)

vt.消除??的懷疑

n.保管，監(jiān)護(hù)，拘留，撫養(yǎng)權(quán)

n.主張

非法侵入他人土地房屋罪

1.傳聞證據(jù) Testimony that is given by a witness who relates

to what others have said. 2.非直接證據(jù) In federal law, a

statement offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter

asrted;condhand evidence.

1.保持，維持，使持續(xù)不斷： To support or maintain, esp. over

a long period .2.給…以力量(或勇氣、信心等)，鼓勵(lì)，使振作 To

nourish and encourage; lend strength to .3. 蒙受，遭受(損失等)：To undergo; suffer .4.確認(rèn)，認(rèn)可；(法院)確認(rèn)…正當(dāng)(或正確)；準(zhǔn)許： (Of a court) to uphold or rule in favor of .5.

證實(shí)To substantiate or corroborate .6.支援；救濟(jì) To persist

in making (an effort) over a long period .

1.駁回，批駁；拒絕 To rule against; to reject .2. 宣布…無(wú)效(Of a court) to overturn or t aside (a precedent) by

expressly deciding that it should no longer be controlling

law .

hearsay

sustain

overrule

cross-examine

n.盤詰；反復(fù)詢問(wèn)The questioning of a witness at a trial or

hearing by the party oppodto the party who called the

witness to termed cross-interrogation

1、受托人，one having legal title to property holds it in trust

for the benefit of another and owes a duty to that beneficiary

2、破產(chǎn)管理人,a person to administer the bankruptcy estate

during a bankruptcy ca

n殺人The killing of one person by another 指一人導(dǎo)致或促使他人死亡的一般用語(yǔ)。該詞是中性詞，只描述客觀行為，而對(duì)其道德或法律性質(zhì)并沒(méi)有做出判斷。殺人并不必然構(gòu)成犯罪，在依法執(zhí)行死刑、自衛(wèi)以及作為追捕逃犯的唯一可能手段時(shí)，殺人則是合法的。但如果一人蓄意、明知、輕率或疏忽致使他人死亡的，該人則犯有殺人罪。英美普通法和制定法都把殺人分為謀殺【murder】和非預(yù)謀殺人【manslaughter】.在蘇格蘭，殺人分為有罪殺人【cuplable homicide】、正當(dāng)殺人【justifiabe homicide】以及意外、疏忽或可寬恕殺人【accidental,negligent,or excusable

homicide】

殺人者，a person who kills another

一級(jí) An incremental measure of guilt or negligence; a level

bad on the riousness of an offen.

預(yù)謀殺人 Done with willful deliberation and planning;

consciously

considered beforehand

重罪謀殺 Murder that occurs during the commission of a

dangerous felony (often

limited to rape, kidnapping, robbery, burglary, and arson).

<美>:二級(jí)謀殺罪 Murder that is not aggravated by any of the

circumstances of first-degree murder 大多數(shù)州把謀殺罪分為兩級(jí)，個(gè)別州不分等級(jí)或分為三級(jí)。凡對(duì)謀殺罪劃分為兩個(gè)等級(jí)的刑法，二級(jí)謀殺罪的范圍就是“除一級(jí)謀殺罪以外的其他謀殺罪。具體包括：①無(wú)預(yù)謀目的的謀殺②全部故意重傷謀殺，不論故意重傷是否有預(yù)謀③全部極端輕率謀殺④一級(jí)謀殺罪列舉的重罪以外的重罪-謀殺。對(duì)二級(jí)謀殺罪通常處以終身監(jiān)禁（=murder in the

cond degree）

非預(yù)謀故意殺人 激情殺人是非預(yù)謀故意殺人的典型形式，即被告人因受到強(qiáng)烈的刺激，致使其在盛怒心理下實(shí)施的故意殺人行為。

過(guò)失殺人罪 Homicide in which there is no intention to kill

or do grievous

bodily harm, but that is committed with criminal negligence

or during the commission of a crime

not included within the felony-murder rule.

非預(yù)謀殺人罪The unlawful killing of a human being without

trustee

Language Focus

Homicide

First-degree

Premeditated murder

Felony-murder

Second-degree murder

Voluntary manslaughter

involuntary manslaughter

manslaughter

malice aforethought. — Also

termed (in some jurisdictions) culpable homicide

bribery

賄賂罪n. The corrupt payment, receipt, or solicitation of

a private favor for official action. ?

Bribery is a felony in most jurisdictions.

歐擊罪 ；（侵權(quán)法）非法侵犯al law. The u of force

against another, resulting in harmful or offensive

contact.

性侵犯T. .

1、搶劫、搶掠 The illegal taking of property from the person

of another, or in the person'sprence, by violence or

intimidation;2、加重的盜竊罪 aggravated termed

(in Latin) crimen roberiae.

battery

xual assault

robbery

干涉司法程序 Obstructing rvice of process, to interfere

interference in the judical

with the rvice of a court-authorized document, civil or

process

criminal, such as a summons or a subpoena.

1. 威脅；威逼（做某事）：the act of intimidating a weaker person

to make them do something 2.威脅 the feeling of

discouragement in the face of someone's superior fame or

wealth or status etc.3. 恐嚇the feeling of being

intimidated; being made to feel afraid or timid 4.威脅；威逼（不做某事） a communication that makes you afraid to try

something

1.傷害罪clo fighting during the culmination of a military

attack.2.侵犯人身，(尤指未遂的)毆打；(用言語(yǔ)等的)威脅，脅迫 a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who

appears to be able to cau bodily harm if not stopped.3.性侵犯 the crime of forcing a woman to submit to xual

intercour against her will

盜竊;入室搶劫犯 Knowingly entering or remaining in a

building or dwelling, without authority and with intent to

commit any felony or theft therein.

1、非法侵占罪，an unlawful act against the property of

anoother 2、非法侵入罪,an unlawful act against the person

偷竊罪，any act or instance of stealing, including

larceny,burglary, embezzlement,and fal pretens

罪,1、將人劫持并運(yùn)至他國(guó)（早期）abducting a person and

nding the person to another country 2、以暴力或欺騙的手段劫持他人，izing and taking away a person by force or fraud

1、惡意焚燒他人的住宅或宅第內(nèi)附屬建筑，the malicious burning

of someone el's dwelling hou or outhou(common law) 2、惡意焚燒自己或他人的財(cái)產(chǎn)，the intentional and wrongful

burning of someone el's property or one's own

intimidation

assault

burglary

criminal trespass

theft

kidnapping

arson

property(modern statutes)

licen

1、許可，特許。a permission 2、許可證,the certificate or

document evidencing such permission

1、特許，許可，the governmental grant of a right 2、特許狀，許可證the official document so granting 3、專利權(quán)，the right

to exclude others from doing something

1、雇傭,to hire 2、使用，利用，to make u of 3、使用，職業(yè),to u as an agent in transacting business 4、使從事于,to

entrust witn the performance of certain acts

1、出售，出賣，to transfer to another for money or other thing

2、販賣，叫賣,to make an object of trade by hawking 3、公開陳述，公開出版，to utter publicly or publish broadly

1、租賃合同,a contranct 2、租賃權(quán) a conveyance plus all

covenants attached to it 3、租賃物,the real property 4、租賃，租借, behavior

1、同意，允許，an agreement2、讓與，the formal transfer of

real property3、財(cái)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓證書，the document by which a transfer

is effected 4、轉(zhuǎn)讓的財(cái)產(chǎn)或財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利，the property of property

right so transferred

1、信托，a property interest held by one person at the request

of another for the benefit of a third party 2、信托關(guān)系，a

relationship 3、信托財(cái)產(chǎn)，the property

1、轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)移，any mode of parting with an ast in an ast

2、流通，negotiation of an instrument according to the forms

of law 3、轉(zhuǎn)讓，a conveyance of property or title from one

person to another

1、合同，an agreement between two or more parties 2、合同書，the writing that ts forth such an agreement

n. 1、宣判The judgment that a court formally pronounces after

finding a criminal defendant guilty;2、判決 the punishment

impod on a criminal wrongdoer . — Also termed judgment of

conviction.

1、違法行為、犯罪An act that the law makes punishable;2、刑事訴訟標(biāo)的 the breach of a legal duty treated as the

subject matter of a criminal proceeding. — Also termed

criminal wrong.

n.1、恐嚇 The act or process of discouraging certain

behavior, particularly by fear; 2、（刑法）威懾力 esp as a

goal of criminal law, the prevention of criminal behavior by

fear of punishment.

n.1、立法者 One who makes laws within a given jurisdiction;

2、有立法權(quán)的主體a member of a legislative body.— Also

patent

employ

vend

lea

grant

trust

transfer

contract

ntence

crime

deterrence

legislators

termed lawmaker.

punishment

刑罰n. A sanction — such as a fine, penalty, confinement,

or loss of property, right,or privilege — assd against

a person who has violated the law.

Book2 Unit 3 Civil Procedural

Law

liability "1.責(zé)任:the state of being legally obliged and responsible

2.債務(wù) an obligation to pay money to another party

3.不利因素 the quality of being something that holds you back

"

insolvent 1.破產(chǎn)者；無(wú)力償還者:someone who has insufficient asts to cover their debts 2.破產(chǎn)的；無(wú)力償還的 unable to meet or discharge financial obligations

creditor "1.債權(quán)人，貸方:a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an

obligation exists

"

shareholder 1.股東 a person who owns shares in a company

pierce the corporate veil 1.揭開公司面紗：a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a

corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders

promissory estoppel 1.允諾后不得否認(rèn)的原則 a doctrine that prevents one party from

withdrawing a promi made to a cond party if the latter has reasonably relied on that

promi.

detriment "1. 損害,傷害 a damage or loss

"

promie 1.受約人，承諾人 a person to whom a promi is made

pardon "1. 原諒 the act of excusing a mistake or offen 2.赦免

be officially allowed to go free and are not punished"

commute 1.通勤 a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work 2.減刑

change a penalty for a less vere one 3.代償 exchange or replace with another, usually of the

same kind or category

repeal 1. 廢除 an official or legal cancellation

Statute of Frauds 1.反欺詐法an act for prevention of frauds and perjuries

abolition 1 廢除,廢止.the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution

involuntary manslaughter 1.過(guò)失殺人罪 the unlawful killing of a human being without

malice aforethought, either express or implied

intoxicated 1.喝醉的 stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

cular "1.世俗的，非宗教的 have no connection with religion 2.(對(duì)宗教家而言的) 俗人

someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

"

legal reprentative 1.法定代表人a personal reprentative with legal standing

auditor "1.審計(jì)員a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of

a business or other organization

2.旁聽(tīng)生a student who attends a cour but does not take it for credit 3.聽(tīng)者someone who

listens attentively

"

The Bill of Rights 1.a document, frequently but not esntially, of high standing in

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, which ts out protections for the citizen, usually from the state itlf.

the UK, an Act of the English parliament in 1689 on the assumption of the throne by William

and Mary. the UK, an Act of the English parliament in 1689 on the assumption of the throne

by William and Mary.